OBJECTIVE:Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) plays a vital role in the prevention and treatment of skeleton diseases, recently researches on the molecular mechanism of sheep prolific FecB gene indicated that BMP and its receptors have important influence on animal follicular development. In this study the influence of different type BMPs andits receptors on the follicular development was reviewed in order to explore effective modulation on animal reproduction.DATA SOURCES: Computer was applied to retrieve Medline database on the related literatures from January 1998 to June 2005. The retrieval words were "BMP" and "BMPR" that combined respectively. Language in the articles was limited to English. Simultaneously related articles were also computer searched in China periodical full text database and Wanfang databases from January 1996 to December 2005 with the retrieval words of "BMP, BMPR", that limiting the article language to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: At first, the document was retrieved, altogether 200 studies on BMP and its receptors were enrolled including 140 Chinese literatures and 60 English literatures.DATA EXTRACTION: these literatures were screened and 30 were included for relating to the BMP characteristic, as well as the influence of BMP and its receptors on follicular development and reproductive endocrine.DATA SYNTHESIS: Of the 30 literatures, 18 experiments discussed the function of BMP and its receptors and its signal transduction mechanism,12 were about the influence of different BMP on reproductive cell secretion, as well as receptor mutation on ovulation.CONCLUSION: BMPs family plays vital role in animal reproductive modulation, current experiments prove that the changes of signal transduction due to BMP receptor gene mutation has made breakthrough for the exploration of the prolific mechanism in sheep. Moreover studies on follicular development modulation and ovulation mechanism are liable to provide theoretical reference for the prolific modulation in sheep or other species.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the melatonin and the development of testicle in rabbits. Methods: Thirty male rabbits (unreach puberty) were randomly divided into 2 groups:15 were actively immunized with melatonin and complete antigen, which was successfully synthesized through Mannich reaction by combining melatonin with BSA, the other 15 were taken as controls.The specific antibodies of rabbits were detected by ELISA and RIA.The serum testosterone(T) and luteinizing hormone(LH) were detected by RIA, the mass of testicle or epididymis and the number of sperm were measured. Results: The serum T and LH concentration in experiment group were significantly lower than that in the control group.The mass of testicle or epididymis and the number of sperm in experiment group were also significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the immunization of melatonin can block the development of testicle in male rabbits.

Objective:To compare the effect of different methods of sputum aspiration in children with bronchopneumonia and explore the appropriate sputum aspiration methods for children with bronchopneumonia.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. The convenience sampling method was used to select 165 children with bronchopneumonia treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 8, 2020 to September 30, 2021 as the research objects. They were divided into group A, group B and group C by random number table method, with 55 cases in each group. Group A used sputum aspirating tube to aspirate sputum through mouth and nose, group B used olive head to aspirate sputum through nose, and group C used both sputum aspirating tube to aspirate sputum through mouth and olive head through nose. The sputum aspirating effect, respiratory mucosal injury rate and satisfaction degree of children′s parents were compared among the three groups.Results:Finally, there were 53 cases in group A, 54 cases in group B and 53 cases in group C. The total effective rate of sputum aspiration was 96.21%(584/607) in group C, which was higher than that in group A 94.32% (581/616) and in group B 74.12% (464/626), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=194.62, P<0.01), pairwise comparison among the three groups showed statistical difference ( χ2=95.95, 11.32, 132.16, all P<0.017). The respiratory mucosal injury rate was 1.12% (7/626) in group B, which was lower than that in group C 3.13% (19/607) and in group A 10.39% (64/616), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=63.53, P<0.01), pairwise comparison among the three groups showed statistical difference ( χ2=49.52, 25.47, 6.04, all P<0.017). The satisfaction degree of children′s parents in group C was 98.11% (52/53), which was higher than that in group B 90.74% (49/54) and in group A 81.13% (43/53), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.54, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the satisfaction degree of children′s parents between group A and group B, and between group B and group C( P>0.017). There was statistically significant difference in the satisfaction degree of children′s parents between group A and group C ( χ2=8.22, P<0.017). Conclusions:The combination of oral suction tube and nasal suction with olive head can improve the sputum aspirating effect of children with bronchopneumonia and the satisfaction degree of their parents, with a low rate of respiratory mucosal injury and high safety, which is worthy of clinical reference.