Objectives: To study the prolonging of mandible by distr ac tion osteogenesis (DO) after severe trauma in rabbits. Methods:O steotomy was conducted in 16 adult rabbits. To simulate severe trauma,periosteum was removed and inferior alveolar vessels were destroyed on left side. The rabb its were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 in each group and internal distra ctor was applied in each rabbit. In group A1 and A2 the latency time was 1 day,i n group B1 and B2 that was 7 days.In group A1 and B1 the distraction velocity wa s 0.5 mm/d,in group A2 and B2 that was 1.0 mm/d.The distraction length was 10 mm and retention period was 4 weeks. Results:4 weeks after operati on on right side complete new bone formation was found in the distraction area. On left side that was observed in group B1 and B2,but not in A1 and A2.Nonunion was found in 1,4,0 and 0 cases in group A1,A2,B1 and B2 respectively.The bending strength (10 4 N/m 2) of normal bone was 95,that in group A1,B1,B2 was 25,85 and 60 respectively. Conclusion:DO method can be used even after the blood supply of the mandibles has been destroyed, but the latency period sh ould be longer.

To investigate the mechanism of common carotid artery injury produced by explosion in neck region, and to determine the severity of carotid injury based on the injury of neck and the pressure of blast waves. After the detonation of the blast source at different distances, the injuries to rabbits' neck and carotid artery were examined, and the pressure of the blast waves to both skins and common carotid artery were measured with PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride)sensors and oscilloscope. The endothelium of the injured carotid artery desquamated and micro thrombus formed on the arterial walls the after injury. Disruptions in the tunica media might account for pseudo aneurysm formation. These results offered experimental evidences pseudo aneurysm and thrombus formation in the carotid artery after an explosion in the neek region.

Four adults of Fasciola hepatica were found from the bile ducts of a patient diagnosed as biliary calculi during a surgi-cal operation. We investigated retrospectively the infection source and concluded that the patient may be infected by eating raw or half-cooked Zizania latifolia,an aquatic plant,which was contaminated with metacercariae of F. hepatica.

Objective:To prepare the thermosensitive nasal gel of ephedrine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride and establish its quality control method. Methods:The amounts of P407, P188 and PEG 6000 were optimized by an orthogonal test with the gelling temperature as the index. An HPLC method was established to determine the contents of ephedrine hydrochloride and di-phenhydramine hydrochloride. Results:The optimum amount of P407, P188 and PEG 6 000 was 19%, 2% and 1%, respectively. The linear range of ephedrine hydrochloride was 1.600 0-2.400 0 mg·ml-1(r=0.999 6), and the average recovery was 99.76%with RSD of 1. 02%(n=9). The linear range of diphenhydramine hydrochloride was 0. 160 0-0. 240 0 mg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7), and the average recovery was 101. 27% with RSD of 1. 10%(n=9). Conclusion:The formula design and preparation technology of the gel are feasible. The HPLC method is suitable for the quality control of the preparation.

Objective To study the drug resistance situation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from the patients with HIV/AIDS complicating tuberculosis (TB).Methods One hundred and ninety-six inpatients with AIDS complicating TB in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015 were collected.The drug resistance situation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains cultured from sputum/tissue fluid/fiber liquid and pathological tissue submitted samples in the patients with AIDS complicating active TB was analyzed.The BACTEC MGIT960 systems was adopted to perform the bacterial identification.The drug sensitivity test was conducted by using 960 culture testing system.Results One hundred and ninety-six strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were cultured,the total drug resistance rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 26.02％.These cases were divided into the ＞100/μL and ≤100/μL groups according to different CD4+ T cells count.The drug resistance situation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to 4 kinds of first line anti-TB drugs were compared between these two groups.The comparison results found that the resistance rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to the first line anti-TB drugs had no statistical difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The resistance rates of first line anti-TB drugs from high to low were isoniazid,rifampicin,streptomycin and ethambutol.The drug resistance rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to 5 types of drug resistant TB had no statistical difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The drug resistance rate in the initial patients with HIV complicating TB is consistent with the average initial drugresistance level of TB patients in our country.The TB drug resistance rate in the patients with HIV complicating TB has no correlation with CD4+ T cells count.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this retrospective study is to present the long-term effects of open healing of keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) in the mandible.

METHODSA retrospective case series study was conducted on 41 patients with large KCOTs (the maximum diameter of the tumors exceeded 5 cm) treated at our institution between September 2003 and April 2011. A conservative surgical treatment was applied. The treatment involved enucleation of the primary lesion through narrow unroofing and open packing of the residual osseous defect with iodoform gauze for secondary healing. Bone regenera- tion and surgical complications were observed. The long-term effects of the treatment were followed up.

RESULTSThe inferior alveolar nerve was exposed in the KCOT bone cavity in all cases, and some nerves adhered to the tumor tightly. The post- operative follow-up time was 81.5 months on the average (36 to 127 months). The packing gauze was changed every two weeks after enucleation, and the total duration time for packing was 8.9 months on the average (3 to 15 months). Notable bone regeneration and satisfactory secondary healing were observed clinically and radiographically. The KCOT-affected teeth were reserved, and their chewing functions were restored. Two cases presented recurrences after the initial treatment. The recurrence rate was 4.9% (2/41). No serious complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONEnucleation associated with subsequent open packing is a reliable treatment for patients with large KCOTs in the mandible.

Adult ; Bone Regeneration ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Mastication ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Odontogenic Tumors ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To observe the behavior therapy efficacy in dental fear patients for dental extraction using video eyewear and N_2O inhalation. Methods: 100 patients were divided into two groups, one group only used N_2O and other group used N_2O with video eyewear. Compared two groups′ Frankl behavior rating scale and Houpt scale after dental extraction. The HR and SpO_2 were measured during dental extraction. Results: Using video eyewear and N_2O showed a significant good sedative effect on patients with dental fear. There were statistical difference in the Frankl behavior rating scale and Houpt scale between experiment group and control group(P<0.01). There were no significant changes in heat rate and SpO_2 before and after in two groups. Conclusion: Video eyewear and N_2O inhalation sedation is good for dental fear patient during dental extraction.

Objective:To study the feasibility of extraction of impacted mandibular wisdom teeth using turbine drill and new instruments. Methods: 600 patients with impacted mandibular third molars were divides into 2 groups. A group used turbine drill and new instruments to extract the impacted mandibular third molar. B group used the dental chisel to extract the impacted mandibular third molar. The operation time, intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded to assess the effects of the methods. Results: The operation time of group A and group B was (22.285±12.025 01) min and (16.115±12.078 62) min respectively. The operation time of group A was shorter(P<0.05). The intraoperative and postoperative complication incidence rate was lower(P<0.05). Conclusion: Turbine drill and new instruments method is superior to dental chisel method in the extraction of impacted mandibular wisdom teeth.

Objective To compare the difference of immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with different CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts.Methods HIV-1-infected patients who visited clinic at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu were enrolled and divided into two groups according to CD4+ T-lymphocytes counts.CD4+ T-lymphocytes ＜200/μL,which were and ≥200/μL.All patients were injected intramuscularly with 20 μg of HBV vaccine at month 0,1 and 6,respectively.Vaccination responses were measured at1 and 7 months after first dose.The serum anti-hepatitis B sarface antigen titers of ≥ 10 mIU/mL were considered positive.The serum anti-HBs positive rates was compared by Chi-square test and anti-HBs titers was compared by Mann-Whitney test.Results Ninety-five HIV-1-infected patients were finally enrolled into the analysis,with 55 patients in group of CD4+ T-lymphocytes ＜200/μL and 40 patients in group of CD4+ T-lymphocytes ≥200/μL.The serum anti-HBs positivity rates at 1 and 7 months after first dose in group of CD4+ T-lymphocytes ＜200/μL were 40.0％ (22/55) and 50.9％ (28/55),respectively,which were 47.5％ (19/40) and 75.0％ (30/40) in group of CD4+ Tlymphocytes ≥200/μL.There was no significant difference of serum anti-HBs positivity rates between two groups after 1 month (x2 =5.652,P=0.017).But a significant higher positivity rate was found in group of CD4+ T-lymphocytes ≥200/μL than in group ofCD4+ Tlymphocytes＜200/μL after 7 months (x2=0.531,P=0.466).The median titers of anti-HBs at 7 months were 10.44 mIU/mL in grouP of CD4+ T-lymphocytes ＜ 200/μL and 222.73 mIU/ml in group of CD4+ T-lymphocytes ≥200/μL.There was significant difference of anti-HBs titers between two groups (Z=-3.600,P＜0.01).No patients experienced side effects to HBV vaccine.Logistic regression model analysis indicated that only CD4+ Tlymphocytes was related to anti-HBs positivity after HBV vaccination.Conclusions HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ T-lymphocytes ≥200/μL have higher serum anti-HBs positivity rates and higher anti HBs titers than patients with CD4+ T-lymphocytes ＜200/μL.However,patients with CD4+ T lymphocytes ＜200/μL also have relatively low immune response.Thus,HBV vaccination should be conducted in all these patients at high risk.

Objective:To compare the outcomes of guide bone regeneration by calcined bovine bone and Bio-Oss graft material in alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction.Methods:280 patients were divided into two groups randomly.Each patient had single tooth extracted.The sockets were filled with calcined bovine bone in 140 patients and Bio-Oss graft in another 140 patients. After shaping,all the sockets were covered with Bio-Gide membrane.Buccal mucoperiosteal flap was released and sutured to close the alveolar sockets.The patients were regularly examined at the 1st,12th and 24th week after surgery.Physical examination and X-ray evaluation were applied to compare the outcomes of the two materials in alveolar ridge preservation.Results:No infection and re-jection occurred.The radiographic results showed the width and height of the alveolar bone were preserved well at the 12th and 24th weeks.No statistically difference was found in the two groups at the 1st and 24th weeks(P>0.05).Conclusion:The two graft ma-terials can effectively preserve alveolar bone after tooth extraction.