Kallikrein-kinin system consists of kininogen , kallikrein, bradykinin and kinin .Kinins, derived from kininogen by tissue kallikrein , play their biological effects via bradykinin 1/2 receptors or protease activated receptors .Existing researches suggest that kinins exert various effects through different intracellular and mitochondrial signal pathways such as MAPK , PI3K/Akt/GSK3 be-ta, NO, JAKs/STATs.This review aims to elucidate the roles and the intracellular signal pathways of KKS in different diseases .

0.05). CONCLUSION: Both modified Dexter method and IMDM medium method can promote the adherence and proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells in a short time. It is the simple and practical culture method of bone marrow stromal cells by culturing the cells in the medium of IMDM compared to the modified Dexter method.

OBJECTIVE To comprehensively analyze the risk factors for infection and colonization of community-acquired MRSA.METHODS The results of 12 studies were analyzed by meta-analysis and the OR value of every factor was calculated.RESULTS All eight risk factors were evaluated:prior hospitalization(OR=2.46,CI1.25-4.85),antibiotics exposure recently(OR=2.77,CI1.34-5.74),contact with healthcare system and medical workers frequently(OR=6.48,CI2.38-17.63),surgery or invasive procedure(OR=2.53,CI1.90-3.36),age(OR=-1.99,CI-9.21-5.23),gender(OR=1.04,CI0.71-1.51),intravenous drug use(OR=1.49,CI0.34-6.54),and underlying diseases(OR=1.12,CI0.55-2.28).CONCLUSIONS Prior hospitalization,antibiotics exposure recently,contact with healthcare system and medical workers frequently and surgery or invasive procedure are risk factors of community-acquired MRSA.The effects of age,gender,intravenous drug use and underlying diseases need further investigation.

Objective To report a case of black-dot ringworm caused by Trichophyton tonsurans in a 3-year-old girl. Methods Lesional hair was obtained from the patient and subjected to direct microscopic examination as well as culture. Subsequently, the isolate underwent morphological, biochemical and molecular biology identification. The extracellular enzymatic activity of the isolate was analyzed. Results Microscopy revealed that the hair shaft was filled with fungal spores. Typical colony of the isolate was grayish-white with downy appearance. Slide culture showed centipede-like, lateral, rod-shaped microconidia. Urease test was positive. The amplification of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ITS domains by PCR produced a 687 bp-sized fragment which had a 100% homology with the sequences of several Trichophyton tonsurans strains in the GenBank database. The extracellular enzymatic activity analysis showed an increase in the activity of alkaline phos-phatase, acid phosphatase, esterase (C4), β-glucosidase, leucine arylamidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and a-mannosidase. Conclusions The pathogenic fungus is identified as Trichophyton tonsurans based on morphological and biochemical features as well as sequence of the ITS region of rDNA, and the child was diagnosed with black-dot ringworm.

BACKGROUND:It is discovered in our preliminary study that the activity of psoriatic bone marrow hematopoietic cells is abnormal.OBJECTIVE:To reveal level of stem cell factor(SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) secreted by bone marrow stromal cells in psoriasis patients.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:This case-control observation experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Dermatology,Taiyuan Central Hospital from October 2007 to August 2008.PARTICIPANTS:Twenty-four common-psoriasis outpatients were selected at the Department of Dermatology,Taiyuan Central Hospital,including 16 males and 8 females,aged 16-59 years old.Twenty controls were selected from Department of Hematology,Taiyuan Central Hospital,whose age and gender were matched with psoriasis patients.METHODS:Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated from psoriasis patients and controls using the density gradient centrifugation.Bone marrow stromal cells were cultured by the adherent method.When the cells were cultured for three passages and 72 hours,bone marrow stromal cells and supernatant liquid were collected.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The phenotypes of cells were identified by flow cytometry and the level of SCF and G-CSF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit(ELISA).RESULTS:Flow cytometry assay showed that over 90% bone marrow stromal cells were positive for CD29,but negative for CD34,CD45 and HLA-DR.That is,the purity of bone marrow stromal cells was over 90%.The levels of SCF and G-CSF in psoriasis patients were significantly higher than that in controls(P

Objective:To study of isolating culture and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem eeUs into blood vessel endothelial-like cells in a specialized micro-environment in vitro,SO as to provide an experimental foundation for psoriasis.Methods:The hMSCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation,amplificated and identificated in vitro.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)within endothelial cell growth medium(DMEM)were used to induce hMSCs differentiation into vascular endothelial-like cells.The induced hMSCs were detected by flow cytometry to find whether they had endothelial cell phenotypes.The Dil-ac-LDL ingestion assay Was used to apprmses the blood vessel endothelial-like cell function.Results:In cell morphology,the induced hMSCs transformed into endothelial-like cells.These cells expressed specific surface markers of,Vascular endothelial-like cells such as CD34,CDl06,HLA-DR,CD54,VWF,CD31,KDR and CD5 comparing to those in the control group(P＜0.01).The induced endothelial-like eeHs had the ability of ingesting Dil-ac-LDL.Conclusion:Combination of Density gradient eentrifugation and adherent methods can obtain pure MSCs.hMSCs Can obtain endothelial cell phenotypes after induced by VEGF and bFGF in vitro.Human hnSCs have potential to differemiate into vascular endothelial-like cells.The induced endothelial-like cells have completely mature endothelial cell functional properties.

Objective To evaluate the incorporation of BPA, which was synthesized by ourselves, by two different glioma cell lines, and to observe its relationship with the time of cultivation and cell cycle. Methods Two glioma cell lines of C6 and SHG-44 were studied and the primarily cultured rat astrocytes were used as control. The growth curves of the two glioma cell lines and rat astrocytes were plotted, and their doubling time was identified respectively from the curves. All three kinds of cells were incubated in a culture medium, in which 10 B concentration was 50?g/ml for 4h, 8h, 16h, 20h or 24h. Boron concentration in the cells was measured by induced couple plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after respective culture period. After 24h of incubation, the cells in the G 0 /G 1 phase and those in the G 2 /M phase were isolated by flow cytometry, and boron concentration in each fraction was obtained by ICP-AES. Results The doubling time was 18.5h for both C6 and SHG-44 cells, but 28h for the astrocytes. The boron concentration in glioma cells was constantly higher than that in astrocytes throughout the experiment(P

Objective To know the eutrophic state of Fenhe 1 reservoir. Methods The eutrophic level of Fenhe reservoir 1 was evaluated through measuring transparence,the total concentration of nitrogen(TN),phosphorus(TP),chlorophyll-a level(Chla) and the total count of the algal cells and calculating water TLI(∑). Results Water transparence in low water period was higher than that in common water period,TN concentration in low water period was higher than that in common water period,and it obviously exceeded the related standard limit in Surface Water Environment Quality Standard (GB3838—2002); TP concertration in common water period and low water period did not exceed the limit; Chla level was low;TLI(∑) in common water period and low water period was lower than 50. The total count of the algal cells was 1.67?106/L in low water period,which was much more than that(9.5?104/L) in the common water period. Conclusion Fenhe reservoir 1 is in mesotropher state.

Objective To observe the change of renal function and cell apoptosis after injecting SB203580 before and after reperfusion, and investigate the protective role of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 for ischemic/reperfused kidney in rats. Methods p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 was injected by tail vein into rats with ischemic kidney before and after reperfusion. The plasma levels of creatine and BUN were measured at various time points. The apoptotic rate in the renal tissue at various time points was determined using TUNEL. Results Administering SB203580 before reperfusion could decrease renal cell apoptotic rate, and renal function damage. Administering SB203580 after reperfusion had not obvious effect on the renal function and cell apoptosis. Conclusion Administering p38 MAPK inhibitor before reperfusion can attenuate post-ischemic renal fuction damage and cell apoptosis.

Objective:To explore the changes in somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) and the effects of relieving spinal cord compression at different times on recovery and the evoked potential.Methods:Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group of 10 and an experimental group of 60. The experimental group was further divided into a mild injury group of 10, a moderate injury group of 40 and a severe injury group of 10. Spinal cord injuries with different severities were established in the experimental group using a self-made percussion device. The rats′ SEPs were measured before the injury, and 5 minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours, 3 days and 7 days afterward. Some of the rats receiving decompression treatment.Results:The more seriously the spinal cord was injured, the longer was the latency and the smaller was the amplitude. Both differences were statistically significant. Rats with longer compression time had significantly longer incubation periods and greater decreases in the amplitude. After relieving the compression, rats from whom it had been relieved earlier had quicker amplitude recovery. For rats under compression for 30 minutes, their amplitude was the lowest seven days later.Conclusions:For spinal cord injury, longer compression time can lead to more significant changes in the latency and amplitude of SEP, with the change in the amplitude more significant than that in the latency.