Ophthalmic imaging including radiographic imaging, acoustic imaging and optical imaging,as a branch of medical imaging has developed rapidly. Optical imaging is very suitable for fundus examination because of the physiological characteristics of the eye. Ophthalmoscope and fundus fluorescein angiography are two historical stages of fundus optical imaging, which become an independent new discipline now, including infrared fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography. Comprehensive optical imaging plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ocular fundus diseases. Appropriate understanding the principles and significance of various optical imaging methods is very important for their clinical applications.

Persistent infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains as a worldwide threat to public health,which involves a complex interaction between virus- and host related factors.HCV is classified as six genotypes and many subtypes according to the sequence heterogenecity.HCV genotype should be determined prior to treatment initiation since it plays a key role in selection of therapeutic regimen for chronic hepatitis C.Development of the antiviral treatment with protease inhibitor in combination with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin requires the accurate determination of subtypes,e.g. 1a and 1b,as well.Genotyping methods based onsequenceanalysis, reversehybridizationorreal-timePCRhavebeendevelopedand evaluated.Some issues,however,should be settled to standardize the utility and result interpretation of these methods.More recently,host genotypes of IL28B have been found to be closely associated with HCV spontaneous clearance and the response to antiviral therapy.Moreover,polymorphisms in inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase gene affect ribavirin-induced anemia.Therefore, host genotyping will be beneficial in predicting the outcome of chronic hepatitis C and monitoring the drug-induced adverse events.

Four adults of Fasciola hepatica were found from the bile ducts of a patient diagnosed as biliary calculi during a surgi-cal operation. We investigated retrospectively the infection source and concluded that the patient may be infected by eating raw or half-cooked Zizania latifolia,an aquatic plant,which was contaminated with metacercariae of F. hepatica.

Objective To investigate the relationship between social support,coping style and general well-bing in armymen.Methods 280 armymen were tested by General Well-Being Schedule(GWB),coping style questionnaire and social support scale.Results There was a significant difference between the common soldiers and the other armymen(P<0.05);all the factor scores of GWB were related highly with all the factors of coping style and social support(P<0.05～0.01).Conclusion Coping style and social support in armymen are related to the general well-being.

Objective To study the drug resistance situation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from the patients with HIV/AIDS complicating tuberculosis (TB).Methods One hundred and ninety-six inpatients with AIDS complicating TB in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015 were collected.The drug resistance situation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains cultured from sputum/tissue fluid/fiber liquid and pathological tissue submitted samples in the patients with AIDS complicating active TB was analyzed.The BACTEC MGIT960 systems was adopted to perform the bacterial identification.The drug sensitivity test was conducted by using 960 culture testing system.Results One hundred and ninety-six strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were cultured,the total drug resistance rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 26.02％.These cases were divided into the ＞100/μL and ≤100/μL groups according to different CD4+ T cells count.The drug resistance situation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to 4 kinds of first line anti-TB drugs were compared between these two groups.The comparison results found that the resistance rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to the first line anti-TB drugs had no statistical difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The resistance rates of first line anti-TB drugs from high to low were isoniazid,rifampicin,streptomycin and ethambutol.The drug resistance rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to 5 types of drug resistant TB had no statistical difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The drug resistance rate in the initial patients with HIV complicating TB is consistent with the average initial drugresistance level of TB patients in our country.The TB drug resistance rate in the patients with HIV complicating TB has no correlation with CD4+ T cells count.

BACKGROUND: With the continuous renewal and development of clinical repair techniques, the intraoperatie blood loss has been greatly reduced in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture; however, no matter what kind of repair methods should be adopted, there are stil a large amount of perioperative hidden blood loss, however, there are few clinical reports for the reasons and related factors. OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of perioperative hidden blood loss with gender and internal fixation methods in the surgery of elderly femoral intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS: Total y 121 patients with elderly femoral intertrochanteric fractures who received the treatment at Department of Orthopedics, Nanyang City Center Hospital from March 2010 to June 2013 were divided into two groups according to the condition and treatment wishes of patients, and were respectively treated with dynamic hip screw and proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedul ary nail internal fixation. The preoperative hidden blood loss, postoperative hidden blood loss, the total hidden blood loss, dominant blood loss and total blood loss of patients in these two groups were compared. The multiple linear regression analysis on the correlation of perioperative hidden blood loss with gender and internal fixation methods was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the preoperative hidden blood loss between these two groups (P > 0.05). The total blood loss, postoperative hidden blood loss and total hidden blood loss in the proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedul ary nail group were significantly higher than those in the dynamic hip screw group (P < 0.05), and the dominant blood loss was significantly lower than that in the dynamic hip screw group (P <0.05). There were significant differences in the preoperative, postoperative hidden blood loss and total hidden blood loss between males and females (P < 0.05), and above indexes in males were significantly lower than in females. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender and internal fixation methods were correlated with hidden blood loss (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the perioperative hidden blood loss in surgery for elderly femoral intertrochanteric fractures is closely related to gender and above indexes in internal fixation methods. The perioperative hidden blood loss of male patients is less than that of female patients, and the patients treated with proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedul ary nail fixation have more hidden blood loss than dynamic hip screw fixation.

Aim To provide practical method for screening human carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ(hCA Ⅱ) inhibitors in drug discovery.Methods hCA Ⅱ protein was obtained from induced BL21(DE3) E.coli containing plasmid pET-28b-hCA Ⅱ.The hCA Ⅱ activity was detected under pH 7.6 and 25℃ by its esterase activity which could decompose PNPA to increase the photoabsorption at 348 nm. After the assay conditions were finally selected, 35 new compounds were tested.Results A practical method for screening hCA Ⅱ inhibitors was successfully constituted by using recombinant hCA Ⅱ protein expressed in E.coli as the source of hCA Ⅱ enzyme.10 new compounds had better inhibitory effect and 9 new compounds had the same inhibitory effect on hCA Ⅱ compared with acetazolamide.Conclusions The hCA II inhibitor screening technique constituted in this work possesses advantages of being reliable, rapid, and practical. 19 new compounds are worth further research for developing high efficiency and low side effect drugs used for high-altitude illness.

Objective To study the growth rhythm of height, diameter at ground and the distribution of biomass of annual seedlings of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Methods Dynamic measurings were carried out after sowing to determine the indexes including the growth quantity and biomass of overground and underground part of annual seedlings of G. uralensis. Results The growing period can be divided into four stages: the emergence phase, initiation phase, prosperous phase, and late phase. The growth quantity during the prosperity period accounted to 63.3% and 50.2% of biomass of the whole year. The growth rate of root was much higher than that of the stem and leaf. The accumulating rate of biomass is the highest during the period of the July 20th to September 20th. The biomass distribution ratio of root, stem, and leaf was 49.02∶17.75∶33.23, and the biomass ratio of underground part to overground part was 0.96. According to regression analysis, the height and diameter at ground were liner correlation with underground biomass and total biomass was individually larger than that of two biomasses of diameter at ground. Conclusion The growth pattern of the height and diameter at ground is accordance with S curve and can be simulated with Logistic equation. The height and diameter at ground is linearly correlation with the underground biomass and total biomass.

Objective Effect of provenance on seed biological characteristics and seedling growth in Glycyrrhiza uralensis was studied to indicate the important role of provenance in standardization production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Methods Indexes such as 1 000-seed weight,water content,seed capsule penetration,germination percentage,and germination potency of the seeds from various resources were determined by general ways.Growth indexes of young seedling and one-year seedling were determined.Results Between Shanghaimiao provenance and Bayinwusu provenance,1 000-seed weight of G.uralensis in Shanghaimiao was bigger,which was 12.3 mg for the former and 11.7 mg for the latter;water penetration of seed capsule was stronger in Bayinwusu and conductance rate was twice as much as it in Shanghaimiao.Shanghaimiao seed bearing storage and seed vigor were stronger and hard seed rate was higher.Germination percentage and germination potency of untreated seed in Bayinwusu was higher than that of Shanghaimiao,but lower after treatment.Germination percentage and germination potency of smaller seeds was the highest between the two different provenances in both the untreated and treated seeds.In growth indexes of two provenances,young seedling got a significant and the most significant difference.Growth index in Shanghaimiao was higher a little,which didn't get to an obvious level.Conclusion The provenances have an effect on physical characteristics,seed capsule penetration,and germination properties;provenance and seed size have an obvious effect on young seedling growth but have not any effect on one-year seedling growth and biomass.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the spatial structure of pulmonary vascular tree and oxygen partial pressure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) by the fractal dimension method.Methods 106 patients with COPD and 100 healthy people without COPD as controls were included in this study.All of the patients underwent multidetector CT scan and blood gas analysis.The pulmonary vascular trees were generated using post-processing software,and the FD of the pulmonary vascular trees were determined with ImageJ software in a personal computer.The fractal dimension were evaluated in the two groups.The relationship between FD and oxygen partial pressure in patients with COPD was analyzed.Results The FD value of the patients with COPD was lower than that of the patients without COPD (t =5.21,P＜ 0.01).There was a significant correlation between FD and the PaO2 in patients with COPD (r=0.692,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion FD analysis can effectively evaluate the process of pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by hypoxia in patients with COPD,which may be used as an important index for quantitative evaluation of pulmonary vascular remodeling in the course of COPD.