Objective To investigate the effect of CDT1 gene over-expression on the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in liver cells with a characteristic of genomic instability induced by radiation(GIR).Methods Lentivirus particles were transferred into liver cells of GIR to up-regulate the expression of CDT1 gene.The apoptosis and the cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).The expression changes of p53,ATM,ATR,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3 genes were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results CDT1 gene was efficiently increased by the gene transfection(t =15.56,P ＜ 0.05).In the CDT1 over-expressed cells,while the apoptosis ratio was increased (t =4.19,P ＜ 0.05),the expressions of p53 and Bcl-2 gene were decreased (t =-4.21,-2.06,P ＜ 0.05),but the expression of ATM,ATR and Caspase-3 changed with no significant difference compared with control.Conclusions Over-expression of CDT1 could regulate genomic instability through apoptosis pathway and checkpoint independent of p53.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of radical transurethral bladder tumor resection plus chemotherapy for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Methods Thirty-two patients,who were diagnosed muscle-invasive bladder cancer by preoperative CT and cystoscopy and not tolerating or rejecting radical cystectomy were treated by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt).The maximum diameter of tumor ranged from 1 - 5 cm,3 cm on average.After conventional intravenous chemotherapy ( docetaxel 75 mg/m2 + oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2),and given intravenous therapy (HCPT 20 mg + 20 ml saline).Regular cystoscopy was used to monitor tumor recurrence.The examination was performed quarterly in the first 2 years post operation,twice a year since the third year.ResultsThe tumors of 32 cases were resected completely.Operative time were 15 -70 min,the blood loss was 10 -150 ml,without serious complications during the operation.Pathological report showed 32 cases of transitional cell carcinoma.Clinical stages were T2a 20 cases,T2b 12 cases.Pathological grade were G2 13 cases,G3 19 cases.There was no bone marrow suppression,anemia or other severe complications was seen in 32 cases that received chemotherapy.3 of which manifested as low fever,mild nausea,and headache,respectively,having a rest 2 to 3 days the symptoms disappeared.32 patients were followed up for 3 - 60 months,a mean of 28 months.After 1 year the recurrence rate was 9.4％ (3/32),after 2 years was 12.5％ (4/32).The TNM stage of these recurrence cases were 4 cases with T2a and 3 cases with T2b.12 patients died,5 patients died of bladder cancer metastasis.Other 20 patients were survival with no recurrence.ConclusionRadical TURBt plus chemotherapy could be a treatment for the selected patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs), which are widely used as the first-line anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) drugs in clinical practice, can effectively inhibit the replication of HBV DNA, significantly slow down disease progression in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and reduce the development of end-stage liver diseases such as liver failure and liver cancer. However, for some CHB patients receiving first-line NAs for 48 weeks or longer, serum HBV DNA is still persistently or intermittently higher than the lower detection of limit of sensitive nucleic acid detection reagents. After discussion by the authors, low-level viremia (LLV) is defined as follows: persistent LLV refers to the condition in which CHB patients, who receive entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide fumarate for ≥48 weeks, test positive for HBV DNA by two consecutive detections with sensitive quantitative PCR, with an interval of 3-6 months, but have an HBV DNA level of ＜2000 IU/ml; intermittent LLV refers to the condition in which patients test positive for HBV DNA intermittently by at least three consecutive detections with sensitive quantitative PCR, with an interval of 3-6 months, but have an HBV DNA level of ＜2000 IU/ml. For the diagnosis of LLV, the issues of poor compliance and drug-resistant mutations should be excluded. LLV might be associated with the increased risk of progression to liver fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis under NA treatment, but there are still controversies over whether the original treatment regimen with NAs should be changed after the onset of LLV. This article summarizes the incidence rate of LLV under NA treatment and the influence of LLV on prognosis and analyzes the possible mechanisms of the osnet of LLV, so as to provide a reference for the management of LLV in patients treated with NAs.

Objective To analyze the micronucleus levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical radiation workers, and to provide a basis for radiation protection to reduce occupational hazards caused by ionizing radiation. Methods A total of 1072 medical radiation workers were selected into radiation group, and 329 healthy adults who underwent pre-employment occupational physical examination and intended to be radiation workers were selected into control group. The micronucleated lymphocyte frequency was determined by whole blood micro-culture. Results There were no significant differences in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency between the radiation group and the control group (both P > 0.05). The detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities in the radiation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Female radiation workers had significantly higher micronucleated cell frequency, micronucleus frequency, and the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities than male radiation workers (all P < 0.001). Between different types of work, significant differences were observed in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency (both P < 0.05), but not in the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities (P > 0.05). Radiation workers with different lengths of working showed significant differences in micronucleated cell frequency (P < 0.05), micronucleus frequency (P < 0.05), and the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities (P < 0.001). Significant differences were observed in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency between different age groups (both P < 0.05). The Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency were positively correlated with the age of radiation workers (both P < 0.001). Conclusion The micronucleus frequency of radiation workers was related to the type and length of work, and had a positive correlation with age. Radiation protection should be enhanced for workers engaged in medical radiation for a long period, especially female workers and workers with a long length of service.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of ~(56)Fe~(17+),~(12)C~(6+)ion beams and~(60)Co γ rays on chromosome aberration in human lymphoblastoid cells. METHODS: The human lymphoblastoid cells were divided into 0. 1,0. 3,0. 5,0. 7,1. 0,2. 0 Gy irradiated groups and 0. 0 Gy control group. They were separately exposed to ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams( linear energy transfer was 400. 0 ke V/μm),~(12)C~(6+)ion beams( linear energy transfer was 26. 0 ke V/μm) and~(60)C γ rays. Chromosome specimens were harvested 48 hours after irradiation. The effects of different radiation on dicentric plus centric ring( “d + r”) aberration rate and chromosome aberration in human lymphoblastoid cells were detected by light microscope with artificial counting. RESULTS: The “d + r”aberration rates induced by 0. 3-2. 0 Gy ~(12)C~(6+)ion beams were significantly higher than those of ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams and~(60)Co γ rays at the same dose( P < 0. 017). Chromosome aberration cell rates of 0. 1-2. 0 Gy ~(12)C~(6+)ion beams were significantly higher than those of ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams and~(60)C γ rays at the same dose( P < 0. 017). At the dose range of 0. 0-2. 0 Gy,chromosome aberration effects of three kinds of radiations were gradually increased( P < 0. 01). The relative biological effectiveness of ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams was lower than that of ~(12)C~(6+)ion beams.CONCLUSION: The chromosome aberration induced by ~(12)C~(6+)ion beams was more serious than that of~(60)Co γ rays and ~(56)Fe~(17+)ion beams.