There have been many changes of the lymphoma classifications from early times till the 2016 WHO classifications. The 2016 WHO lymphoma classification aims to provide updated diagnostic categories, more precise diagnostic criteria, and biological and clinic correlates, which can facilitate state-of-the-art patient care, future therapeutic advances and basic research in this field.

Objective To study the expression of HPV、p16 and Her-2 in the squamous cell cervical carcinoma and its chnical significance. Methods Expression of HPV16/18、p16, and C-erbB-2 and the amplification of Her-2 gene were examined using situ hybridization technique,SP immunohistochemistry,and FISH imaging analysis system in 60 cases of cervical cancer, 61 cases of CIN, and 21 cases of normal cervical tissue,respectively.Results The positive rates of HPV16/18 and p16 in the normal tissue,CIN Ⅰ -Ⅱ,CINⅢ and the squamous cell cervical carcinoma were gradually increased, they wereo (0/21),9.68 ％ (3/31),46.67 ％ (14/30),71.67 ％ (43/60);0 (0/21),19.35 ％ (6/31),93.33 ％ (28/30),96.67 ％ (58/60),respectively,and there were significant differences among the groups (P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between the normal tissue and the CIN Ⅰ - Ⅱ. The positive rates of Her-2 and Her-2 in the CIN Ⅲ and the carcinoma were 13.33 ％ (4/30),31.67 ％ (19/60),3.33 ％ (1/30),21.67 ％ (13/60),respectively,but in the normal group and the CIN Ⅰ - Ⅱ wereo,and the differences between the carcinoma group and the CIN group,the carcinoma group and the normal group were significant(P＜0.05).The expression of Her-2 and the amplification of Her-2 were closely related to the stage, degree of differentiation and metastasis of lymph node in the squamous cell cervical carcinoma (P＜0.05). Conclusion The infection of HPV is one of thetriggers for the squamous cell cervical carcinoma.The expression of p16 and the amplification of Her-2 may be closely correlated with tumor development and high expression of p16 and Her-2 indicates poor prognosis.

Hepatic nodules in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS) are identified in clinical work and the differentiating diagnosis is very important for making the treatment strategy.Most B-CS patients with hepatic nodules have nonspecific clinical manifestations.Ultrasonography,computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are often used for differentiating diagnosis.According to the results of retrospective study on clinical and imaging data of 51 B-CS patients with hepatic nodules,we draw a conclusion that the differentiating diagnosis of hepatic nodules in patients with B-CS depends on imaging characteristics.Different treatment strategies are adopted according to the comprehensive analysis of these imaging data and satisfactory results can be achieved.

Objective To study the expression and significance of bcl-2 protein in esophageal squamous cell cancer and the surrounding tissues.Methods EnVision method was used to analyze the expression of bcl-2 protein in tissues of esophageal squamous cell cancer and the surrounding tissues from 62 patients.Results Expressions rates of bcl-2 protein were 80.3 ％ (49/61),45.9 ％ (28/61) and 67.7 ％ (20/62) in simple hyperplasia,high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma tissues,respectively,but 3.3 ％ (1/30) in normal mucosa tissue.There were significant differences between normal esophageal mucosa group and other groups (x2 =54.437,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of bcl-2 had no differentiation in tissue differentiation grade and degree of invasion of carcinoma (x2 =0.219,x2 =5.878,P ＞ 0.05).But it had significant relationship between the expression of bcl-2 and lymph node metastasis (x2 =4.120,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion bcl-2 may predicting the occurrence of esophageal squamous cell cancer in early stage,and may be regarded as an useful index for prognosis.

Objective To investigate the routine ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of hepatic nodules in Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) after portacaval anastomosis.Methods Routine ultrasonography and CEUS were performed in 18 BCS patients with hepatic nodules after portacaval anastomosis.Results Appearance after portosystemic anastomosis,multiplicity,small size,presence of peripheral rim and hypervascularization were important ultrasound imaging features of hepatic regenerative nodules in patients with BCS.Nodules showedquick wash-in and slow wash-out pattern in CEUS.Sixteen cases showed center-to-periphery enhancement pattern in arterial phase and hyper-enhancement in portal phase and late phase.Two cases showed periphery-to-center enhancement pattern in arterial phase and periphery enhancement in portal phase and late phase.Conclusions Hepatic regenerative have different features on routine ultrasound and CEUS in patients with BCS after portacaval anastomosis,which are useful for differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of vasculogenic mimicry in laryngeal squamous cell carcino- ma and explore its clinical significance. METHOD: The presence of vasculogenic mimicry and expression of endotheli- um-dependent vessel in 138 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas cases were detected by the immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. Metlab software was used to evaluate the relationship among vasculogenic mimicry, mi- crovessel density and clinic pathological parameters in laryngeal carcinoma. RESULT: We found vasculogenic mimicry in 32 (26.23%) of 122 laryngeal carcinoma samples. The mean of microvessel density is 12.61 per high-power field. The vasculogenic mimicry and expression of endothelium-dependent vessel were not significantly related to patient age or gender, tumor location, pathology grade, T stage or N stage (P > 0.05). However, the vasculo- genic mimicry and the mean of microvessel density were a little higher in patients older than 60, with poorly differ- entiated and patients with N₁₋₃ stage. Vasculogenic mimicry was positively correlatedwith microvessel density (r = 0.1927, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Vasculogenic mimicry can occur in laryngeal carcinoma. Moreover, vasculogenic mimicry may be associated with recurrence and metastasis in laryngeal carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; pathology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Objective To analyze the relationship between expression of Her-2 protein and the infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and clinicopathological features in upper gastrointestinal multiple primary cancers, and to explore the relationship between the different histological malignancies in a single-system. Methods 39 patients were primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric/cardia adenocarcinoma. By using immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, the expression of Her-2 protein in 39 cases of multiple primary cancers specimens were examined, and by using insitu hybridization (ISH) technology, the infection of HPV in the same ones were detected. Results The over-expression of Her-2 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was not significantly relative to the degree of differentiation, the depth of penetration, the lymph node metastasis and the patientsˊage and gender (P> 0.05). The over-expression of Her-2 protein in gastric adenocarcinoma was closely correlated to the invasion depth and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), no obvious correlation with the factors of patientsˊage and gender and the degree of differentiation (P > 0.05). The infection of HPV in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma was not significantly relative to the degree of differentiation, the depth of penetration,the lymph node metastasis, and the age and gender of the patients (P> 0.05). In the upper gastrointestinal multiple primary cancers, the Her-2 protein over-expression had the consistency (κ= 0.56, P< 0.05). Meanwhile, the HPV-DNA expression also had the consistency (κ=0.80, P<0.05). Conclusion Both Her-2 protein and HPV expression show the consistency in upper gastrointestinal multiple primary cancers,which suggests that Her-2 protein and HPV may be the common oncogenic factors for both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2013.12.002

Objective To investigate the changes of left atrial(LA) segmental strains by using threedimension speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI),and to investigate the feasibility of 3D-STI for assessment of LA myocardial strains in healthy adults.Methods A total of 60 healthy subjects were enrolled.Apical fullvolume images were acquired in all subjects and then were analyzed by off-line 3D-STI analysis software.The software divided LA into 16 segments automatically,they were six walls (anterior,anterior-septal,posterior-septal,inferior,anterior-lateral,posterior-lateral) in basal and middle levels,and four walls (anterior,septal,inferior,lateral) in roof level.The peak longitudinal strain (PALS),peak circumferential strain(PACS),peak area strain(PAAS),the time to peak longitudinal strain(TPLS),the time to peak circumferential strain(TPCS) and the time to peak area strain(TPAS) of left atrial by 3D-STI were obtained and compared.Results ①Compared with the four walls in roof level and anterior-lateral,posterior-lateral walls in middle level,PALS of corresponding walls in basal level were significantly increased (P ＜0.05).PALS of posterior-septal,inferior and posterior-lateral walls in middle level were significantly increased than septal,inferior,and lateral walls of roof level (P ＜0.05).PACS and PAAS of all walls in roof level were significantly increased,as compared with that of corresponding walls in middle and basal levels,and the PACS of posterior-septal wall in basal level were lower than that in middle level(P ＜0.05).②There were no significant differences in PALS,PACS,PAAS between different walls within one level(P ＜0.05).③TPLS,TPCS,TPAS of septal wall were significantly lower than that of lateral wall.TPLS of anterior wall,TPCS and TPAS of inferior wall were significantly lower than that of lateral wall(P ＜0.05).Conclusions 3D-STI is a feasible skill to assess LA myocardial strains in healthy subjects.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on improving left ventricle (LV) function and LV asynchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)using three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI).MethodsTwenty one patients with DCM and 25 normal subjects were enrolled in this study.Parameters including LV mean longitudinal peak strain (MLS),LV mean circumferential peak strain (MCS),LV mean radial peak strain (MRS),LV ejection fraction(3D-LVEF),maximal temporal difference in area strain of LV 16 segments (A-MaxTs) and its standard deviation (A-Ts-SD) were investigated by 3D-STI.LV ejection fraction (ECT-LVEF) and LV phase angle width (LVW) were obtained by radionuclide ventriculography and phase image analysis.Results The indexes of MLS,MCS,MRS and 3D-LVEF were decreased and A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD were prolonged in DCM group compared with those of control group.There was a slightly improvement in MRS and ECTLVEF 1 week after CRT,but other Parameters including MLS,MCS,A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD and 3D-LVEF had no significant change.Compared with corresponding values before and 1 week after CRT,all parameters (MCS,MRS,A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD,3D-LVEF and ECT-LVEF) were further improved 6 months after CRT.MLS,MCS,MRS and 3D-LVEF had good relationship with ECT-LVEF,and A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD had good relationship with LVW in DCM group.Conclusions3D-STI is a simple and accurate method for evaluating effects of CRT on improving LV function and LV asynchrony in patients with DCM.