BACKGROUND: Whether nerve root is involved or not in cervical spondylosis of nerve root type is related not only to stenosis of bone canal and inflammatory disorder and swelling in peripheral soft tissues, but also to the relevant size of external diameter of nerve root.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the anatomical factors of cervical spondylosis of nerve root type with occurrence rate of involved cervical nerve in cervical intervertebral foramen and sulcus of spinal nerve.DESIGN: Single sample observation was designed.SETTING: Department of Anatomy of Chengde Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 sides of 60 adult corpses were employed with formaldehyde fixation (28 cases of male and 32 cases of female).METHODS: Sixty adult corpses were measured with the vernier of 0.02 mm spinal nerve and the transverse diameter of anterior branch (A-diameter) of superoinferior diameter (S - I diameter) of cervical intervertebral foramen and its spinal nerve root. The ratios were calculated between A-diameter cervical nerve and E-diameter of the corresponding sulcus of spinal nerve and between A - P diameter and S - I diameter of spinal nerve root and those of corresponding intervertebral foramen respectively. The rates of occurrence were concluded for those cervical nerves whose A-diameter larger than or equal to E-diameter of sulcus of spinal nerves and for those spinal nerve roots whose rations larger than or equal to those of corresponding intervertebral foramens.cervical nerve in C3-6 larger than or equal to E-diameter of sulcus of spinal nerve roots in C3-6 larger than or equal to those of corresponding intervertebral foramens.RESULTS: Totally 120 sides of 60 corpses were measured (56 cases of male wedge pressure in intervertebral foramen of cervical nerve root for both male and female, of which, that of female was remarkably superior to the male was 6. 3% for wedge pressure of anterior branch of cervical spinal nerve in sulcus in spinal nerve for both male and female, of which, that of male was remarkably superior to the female(8.9%, 3.9%, χ2 = 6.65, P ＜ 0. 01 ).CONCLUSION: The involvement of cervical nerve is related not only to the stenosis of bone canal but also to the injury of peripheral soft tissues. By the ratios between E-diameter of nerve root and intervertebral foramen and between A-diameter of cervical nerve and E-diameter of sulcus of spinal nerve, those ≥ 1 can be obtained directly as the rate of occurrence of nerve compression.

Objective To explore the expression of estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor(PR) in gestational trophoblastic tumor(GTT) and their significance.Methods The expression of ER and PR in 34 cases of GTT was detected by immunohistochemical method;20 cases of normal villi and 30 cases of hydatiform mole served as controls.Results The positive expression rate of ER in normal villi,hydatiform mole and GTT was 85.00%,83.33% and 44.12%,respectively,and had positive correlation with the malignance degree of GTT.The positive expression rate of PR in normal villi,hydatiform mole and GTT was little.The expression of ER was closely related to these clinicopathological features of GTT(P

Objective To explore the relationship between Mel-CAM and adherence and invasion of trophoblastic cells and proliferation of Mel-CAM defined intermediate trophoblast.Methods Double immunohistochemical staining technique was used to detect the expression of Ki-67 in Mel-CAM defined intermediate trophoblast in human villi during the first trimester and hydatidiform mole.Results In this study there was a significantly stronger expression of Mel-CAM in hydatidiform mole than that in first-trimester villi (P

BACKGROUND: Nerve root could be directly or indirectly entrapped due to lateral backward prolapse of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc, as well as parenchymal inflammatory tumefaction of the soft tissues in nerve root tube. But the factors and their severity related to cervical nerve entrapment at cervical intervertebral foramen and spinal nervous sulcus still need further studies.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the occurrence rate of cervical nerve entrapment at cervical intervertebral foramen and spinal nervous sulcus and the severity of cervical syndrome.DESIGN: A single sample study.SETTING: Department of Anatomy, Department of Geriatrics of the Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Teaching Affairs, Chengde Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: The research was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Chengde Medical College. Totally 120 sides of 60 cadavers(28 males and 32 females) were provided by the Department of Anatomy.METHODS: The outside diameters of cervical intervertebral foramen and spinal nerve root, as well as the width of external opening of spinal nerve sulcus and transverse diameter width of the anterior branch of intra-spinal nerve were measured, and the data were dealt with statistically.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ratio of transversal diameter of the forepart of cervical nerves to the width of spinal nerve sulcus; the ratio of the peripheral diameter of cervical nerve roots to the size of intervertebral foramen; the occurrence rate where the ratio was ≥ 1.RESULTS: The ratio between cervical nerve root and intervertebral foramen was significantly larger than that between spinal nerve root and spinal nerve sulcus( t = 2.66, P ＜ 0.01 ). The occurrence rate of cervical nerve entrapment at the intervertebral foramen(24.6% ) was higher than that in spinal nerve sulcus(6.3% ), and the difference had a considerable statistical significance(x2 =6.95, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the spinal nerve may be entrapped in the cervical intervertebral foramen and the spinal nervous sulcus, and the spinal nerve lesions in the cervical intervertebral foramen was more serious than in the spinal nervous sulcus. Therefore, in clinic, when diagnosing and treating cervical spondylosis, while nerve entrapment at the intervertebral foramen is fully considered, the possibility of nerve entrapment at the spinal nervous sulcus should not be neglected.

As an important incentive for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and other chronic diseases, obesity after cardiovascular disease and cancer has been listed as the third largest threat to human health by World Health Organization. Recent research has shown that obesity is associated with colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer, endometrial cancer, however, it has not been fully disclosed that the mechanism could lead to an increased risk of tumors. Leptin and adiponectin are a kind of hormone secreted by adipose tissue, which involve in the energy metabolism, and play an increasing significant role in the tumors' affecting factors.

Objective To observe the onset time,cardiovascular system reactions and side effects of anesthetic introduction with sevoflurane and to explore its reliability and safety in elderly patients. Methods Sixty American Society Anesthesiologists(ASA)Ⅰ～Ⅲ patients aged 65～78 years who were scheduled for selective operation were selected in the study.They were randomly divided into sevoflurane inhalation induction group(sevoflurane group)and propofol induction group (control group).In sevoflurane group,the concentration of inhaled sevoflurane was regulated according to downgrading method during the induction,and it was decreased by 1% every 30 seconds from the initial concentration of 7% to the maintained concentration of 4%.In control group,propofol was titrated by 1.5～2.5 mg/kg.When bispectral index(BIS)was≤60,sufentanil was administered intravenously and the patients were paralyzed with rocuronium and intubated.The extinction time of lash reflex and the achievement time of BIS≤60 in two groups were recorded.The mean arterial blood pressure(AMBP),heart rate(HR),oxygen saturation(Sp02)and BIS of the basic values before intubation,and 1 min,3 min,5 min after intubation were also recorded,respectively.The side effects during intubation such as laryngeal spasm,body movements,irritating cough,restless movement during intubation were noted.The consciousness during intubation and satisfaction with induction were followed in patients after operation. Results The extinction time of lash reflex and the achievement time of BIS≤60 were significantly longer in sevoflurane group than those in control group (both P＜0.01).In sevoflurane group.there were no differences in MBP and HR between 1 min postintubation and pre-intubation.Whereas,in control group,AMBP and HR were lower before intubation than basic values,and were higher 1 rain post-intubation than pre-intubation(P＜0.05).There were irritating cough cases both in sevoflurane group and in control group(5 vs.3),and there was no laryngeal spasm case.All patients were satisfied with the anesthesia and had no consciousness during intubation. Conclusions　Sevoflurane is a safe and effective induction agent and has little side effects.It is an ideal choice for elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of streamline liner of pharyngeal airway ( SLIPA) in airway management of general anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients undergoing elective breast surgery were randomized into 2 groups (30 cases each): SLIPA group (group S) and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) classic group (group L). Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg, sufentanil 0.15 μ g/kg and vecurium 0.08 mg/kg. SLIPA or LMA was inserted with digital manipulation. Anesthesia was maintained with 1% - 2% sevofluran and 50% N2O in 50% oxygen. The parameters of controlled ventilation were same in both groups. The attempt times, seal pressure and grade of fiberoptic (FOB ) laryngoscopy were measured. SpO2, PErCO2 and peak airway pressure were monitored every 15 minutes after successful laryngeal mask insertion. The complications such as regurgitation of gastric contents and sore throat were assessed by anesthesiologist after surgery. Surgery time, anesthesia time, extubation time and emergence time were recorded. Results Success rate of LMA insertion in both groups were 100%. The first attempt success rates were 90%( 27/30) in group S and 60%( 18/30) in group L (P< 0.05), the FOB grade 4 were 67%(20/30) in group S and 37% (ll/30)in group L(P< 0.05), the maximum seal pressures were (23.6 ± 4.7)cmH2O (1 cm H2O = 0.098 kPa) in group S and (18.8 ± 4.5) cm H2O in group L (P<0.05). SpO2, PErCO2 and peak airway pressure were within normal ranges. The occurrence of sore throat was similar in group S and group L (7 cases vs 6 cases). No signs of regurgitation were detected. Conclusion The SLIPA proved to be a simple, safe and effective airway instrument with little complications during the course of general anesthesia.

Objective:To evaluate the differences of clinical parameters and putative periodontal patho-gens in sites of different probing depth ( PD) reduction after non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with aggressive periodontitis ( AgP ) .Methods: Clinical examinations including plaque index , probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL) and bleeding index (BI), and full-mouth periapical photographs were collected from 20 patients with AgP .All the patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment , including oral hygiene instruction , supra-gingival scaling , subgingival scaling and root planing ( SRP ) and were followed up for 6 months post-therapy.Gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) were collected at 1 site in each quadrant before and at the end of 6 months post-therapy .Six kinds of putative periodontal patho-gens and 6 kinds of short chain fatty acids ( SCFAs ) were detected in the GCF samples .Results: The baseline clinical parameters of PD , AL and BI , the baseline concentration of succinic acid , acetic acid , propionic acid and butyric acid , and the prevalence of Treponema denticola were significantly higher in sites with PD reduction more than 2 mm sites compared with PD reduction no more than 2 mm sites [(7.7 ±1.2) mm vs.(5.1 ±1.8) mm, (6.3 ±1.9) mm vs.(4.5 ±2.2) mm, 3.8 ±0.4 vs.3.3 ± 0.8, 1.66 mmol/L vs.1.10 mmol/L, 31.67 mmol/L vs.17.78 mmol/L, 3.31 mmol/L vs.1.95 mmol/L, 84.6%vs.56.1%, P<0.05].However, there were no significant differences in the clinical param-eters, the 6 kinds of putative periodontal pathogen detection and SCFAs concentration between the 2 groups at the end of 6 months post-treatment.In sites with PD>5 mm at the end of 6 months post-thera-py , all were found with red complex bacteria infection .Conclusion:The baseline clinical parameters are important factors in predicting PD reduction after non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with AgP . In sites with deep pockets after non-surgical periodontal treatment , the active control of red complex bac-teria is recommended .

This article introduces two medical records of children's influenza A (H1N1). The first case is a child of influenza A (H1N1) complicated with pneumonia and it is differentiated as warm-heat syndrome. The treatment methods are dispelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome, clearing heat in qi level and removing heat at first, and then followed by dispersing lung-qi and clearing away heat pathogen, relieving cough and dissipating phlegm. The second case is a child of influenza A (H1N1) complicated with pneumonia, hypokalemia and exacerbation of primary nephrotic syndrome. The syndrome belongs to wet-heat from the beginning, so the treatment is promoting urination and eliminating turbidity, clearing heat and detoxicating, and combined with antiviral oseltamivir. The syndrome is phlegm-heat obstructing in the lung in the second phase of the disease, and the treatment is removing heat-phlegm, dispersing lung-qi and relieving cough.