The transient surge in the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator-pituitary gonadotropin-gonadal apparatus,sometimes called the minipuberty of early infancy, is associated with special secretion pattern of many sex hormones. This period is thought to be an important stage for sex development, and provides clinicians early evidences to diagnose sexual abnormality diseases. This review summarizes the formation and characteristic of minipuberty,and the mechanism of its abnormal hormone secretion leading to sexual abnormality, and thus focus on the value of minipuberty for early diagnosis of sexual abnormality diseases.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the imaging features and diagnostic value of MRI and CT in diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis by comparing study.

METHODSFrom May 2014 to December 2014, 32 patients with spinal tuberculosis were diagnosed as patients with spinal tuberculosis, and the data of MRI and CT were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSPatients with lesions appeared respectively in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine; CT diagnosis of bone destruction and vertebral disc soft tissue injury rate is lower than that of MRI, the intervertebral disc injury diagnosed rate higher than that of MRI, P < 0.05, the difference is statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONCT and MRI in the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis imaging studies are different, and combination of both can improve the diagnosis rate, can prevent and treat in a timely manner, so as to improve the treatment effect.

It is clear that genetic background contributes to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,the identification of susceptibility loci through candidate gene approaches,linkage disequilibrium analysis of case-control data and genome wide association study is still in its infancy and faces many challenges due to the complexity of the disease itself.China has rich resources of clinical samples.In order to facilitate elucidating the susceptibility genes of DR in China,we look forward multi-disciplinary,multi-regional collaboration studies integrating novel technologies,such as proteomics,metabolomics and next-generation sequencing to analyze gene-gene and gene-environment interaction factors comprehensively.

In China,professional ethics education in universities suffers a late start and requests an improvement.The same problem also consists in medical universities.They are faced with how to enhance the medical ethics education of future physicians and match it with the training of clinical techniques and skills so as to cultivate qualified medical professionals.The article established guidelines of professional ethics education and suggested that the issue could be tackled by substantiating the content of education,broadening effective means,and forming joint efforts.

Objective To compare the curative effect of tiotropium bromide combined with salmeterol flutica-sone of different specifications in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)at stable stage in senile patients.Methods 84 senile patients of COPD were selected.All the patients were divided into observation group (42 cases)and control group(42 cases).And both groups were provided with basic treatment of tiotropium bromide, on the basic treatment,the patients in the observation group were provided with 50μg/250μg salmeterol fluticasone, and the control group with 50μg/500μg salmeterol fluticasone.The course of treatment in the two groups was 12 months.The arterial blood gas,lung function,motor function and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups after treatment.Results 12 months after treatment,the arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2 ),arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2 ),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1 ),forced vital capacity(FVC),1 second forced expiratory volume accounted for the percentage of forced vital capacity(FEV1 /FVC)of the control group were (51.66 ±3.96)mmHg,(66.58 ±4.90)mmHg,(1.39 ±0.09)L,(2.41 ±0.09)L,(60.40 ±4.25)%,(366.01 ± 17.21)m respectively,which of the observation group were (46.29 ±3.38)mmHg,(75.83 ±5.09)mmHg,(1.59 ± 0.12)L,(2.65 ±0.10)L,(67.33 ±485)%,(325.69 ±15.62)m respectively.The arterial blood gas,lung function and exercise capacity of the two groups were significantly improved,among them,PaO2 of the control group was significantly better than that of the observation group,the difference was statistically significant (t =6.684,P <0.001).PaCO2 of the control group was significantly better than that of the observation group,the difference was statistically significant(t =-8.485,P <0.001).FEV1 of the control group was significantly better than that of the observation group,the difference was statistically significant(t =-8.641,P <0.001).FVC of the control group was significantly better than that of the observation group,the difference was statistically significant(t =-11.561,P <0.001).FEV1 /FVC of the control group was significantly better than that of the observation group,the difference was statistically significant(t =-6.964,P <0.001).6MWD of the control group was significantly better than that of the observation group,the difference was statistically significant(t =-11.243,P <0.001).After 12 months of treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 97.62%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group 85.71%(χ2 =3.896,P =0.048).Conclusion The comprehensive effect of tiotropium bromide combined with 50μg/500μg salmeterol fluticasone is better than that of tiotropium bromide combined with 50μg/250μg salmeterol fluticasone.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a leading cause of blindness and caused by abnormal repairs for the damaged vitreous and retina.The formation of PVR involves many cytokines,including platelet derived growth factor (PDGF),vascular endothelial growth factor,hepatocyte growth factor,transforming growth factor-β,epidermal growth factor,tumor necrosis factor-α,connective tissue growth factor,etc.The Jagged-1/Notch signaling pathway and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway are involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.The migration and proliferation of RPE cells are associated with the PKC/ERK and Akt/mTORCl signaling pathway.Non-PDGF cytokines indirectly active PDGF receptor α,which seems to be the key pathway in the development of PVR.The methods of cocktail neutralizing reagents targeted to multiple cytokines and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine are effective in preventing PVR.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms and signaling pathways of multiple relevant cytokines involved in development and treatment of PVR.

Objective To explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)in oncogenesis and development of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).Methods The expressions of HIF-αand CAIX were determined immunohistochemically by specific antibodies on formalin-fixed paraffin sections of normal pregnancy villi (32 cases),hydatidiform moles (33 cases),and invasive hydatidiform moles (26 cases). Results The positive rate of HIF-1α in normal pregnancy villi (NP),hydatidiform moles (HM)and invasive hydatidiform moles (IM) was 28.1% (9/32 ), 45.5% (1 5/33 ) and 73.1% (1 9/26 ), respectively. It was significantly higher in IM than in HM and NP(P <0.05),and there was no statistical difference between the latter two groups (P >0.05).The positive rate of CAIX in NP,HM and IM was 31.2 (10/32),3.0(1/33)and 57.7%(1 5/26),respectively.It was significantly higher in IM than in HM and NP (P < 0.05 ),and CAIX was almost negatively expressed in HM group,which differed significantly from that in NP group (P <0.05 ).There was no correlation between HIF-1αand CAIX expressions in IM (P >0.05).Conclusion The expressions of HIF-1αand CAIX were both higher in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia than in normal pregnancy and hydatidiform moles, which indicates that HIF-1αand CAIX may play a role in oncogenesis and development of malignant transformation of trophoblastic cells.

Serum tumor biomarkers are significant for the early diagnosis and treatment,preoperative evaluation,prognosis prediction and relapse surveillance of endometrial carcinoma.Recently,serum CA125 and human epididymal secretory protein 4 are widely recognized as closely related with staging,metastasis and prognosis of endometrial cancer.In addition,the serum miRNAs are characterized by their features of high stability and specificity.Omics studies will be helpful for the general assessment of the initiation and progression of endometrial cancer.Insights into these two aspects will facilitate the identifications of new biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity for endometrial carcinoma.

Cytochrome P450 is one of the microsomal mixed function oxidase,and plays an important role in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous material.Lots of domestic and overseas relative literatures were red,the article summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine affecting the metabolism of CYP in recent years.Eight main drug-metabolizing enzymes were respectively introduced,including CYP1A1,CYP1A2,CYP2A6,CYP2C,CYP2D6,CYP2E1,CYP3A4 and CYP3A4.It is important to research CYP450 for drug screening,individual administration.