AIM: To establish a simple, rapid and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the determination of cyclosporin A (CsA) in human whole blood, and to study the influence of nicotinylmethylamide (Nic) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporin A (CsA). METHODS: Whole blood CsA concentrations were measured by HPLC in 18 healthy volunteers administrated single CsA or co administrated Nic. The data of time blood concentrations of CsA were analyzed by 3p97 Program. The analysis of variance and two one sided t test were used to compare the main pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA in the two administrations. RESULTS: C max and AUC 0～∞ of CsA had statistically significance between the single CsA group and co administration of Nic group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: This HPLC method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and is suitable for routine determination of blood CsA levels in human. Nic can improve the absorption of CsA and increase the C max and AUC of CsA, but has no influence on the metabolism of CsA.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics on chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in rats.Methods The databases including PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane,CBM,CNKI,WanFang and VIP were retrieved from their establishment to April 2016.The related randomized controlled trials(RCT) on the effects of probiotics for treating chemotherapy-induced intestinal mocositis in rats were included.The relevant literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,then the data were extracted and analyzed.Results Total 6 RCT were included.Compared with the control group,the intestinal secretion and absorption function in the probiotics group was strengtnened[SMD=1.73,95 ％CI(0.79,2.68),P＜0.01],jejunal anti-oxidant capacity was increased [SMD=-2.12,95％CI(-3.56,-0.67),P＜0.01],however low dose probiotics (＜1 × 109 cfu/d)had no protective effect on small intestine[SMDjejunum =-0.06,95％CI(-0.51,0.40),SMDileum =0.02,95％ CI(-0.71,0.75);P ＞0.05],while high dose probiotics(≥ 1 × 109 cfu/d) could reduce the intestinal pathological damage[SMDjejunum =-0.64,95 ％ CI (-1.20,-0.09),SMDileum=-0.85,95％ CI(-1.59,-0.12);P＜0.05].Conclusion High dose probiotics can reduce chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in rats.Because of less included literatures and the influence of publication bias,the effect of probiotics on chemotherapy induced mucositis could be overestimated.

Abstract： Objective　To elucidate the antigenic antibody reaction of recombinant expression of non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus with various mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including JE virus, and the antigenic antibody reaction of serum samples of patients infected with JE virus in acute stage. Methods　In this study, Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression vector (pET) system was used to recombinant express Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 gene. Western Blot assay was performed to detect the antibody responses of the recombinantly expressed protein against a variety of mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses, including JE virus, as well as antigen-antibody reactions of serum from patients with acute JE virus infection. Results　The NS1 gene expression product of JE virus (P3 strain) was in the form of an inclusion body, and the denatured and renatured expression product was displayed as a single band in the denatured gel (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, PAGE), with a molecular weight of about 45 000. The results of further antigen-antibody analysis showed that the antigen/antibody hybridization reaction of the expression product with polyclonal or monoclonal antibody of JE virus (mosquito isolates, encephalitis isolates) and serum samples of patients with acute JE virus infection could be completely consistent. The recombinant product showed negative antigen/antibody hybridization reactions with mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses, such as dengue virus and yellow fever virus polyclonal antibodies, but positive reactions with polyclonal antibodies to West Nile virus and Murray Valley encephalitis virus. Conclusions　In this study, the recombinant expression of the NS1 protein of JE virus was successfully obtained, and the antigen/antibody reaction between the recombinant protein and samples of patients infected with mosquito-borne flavivirus and JE virus was analyzed. The study results provide important basic data for elucidating the antigen-antibody reaction between the NS1 protein of JE virus and mosquito-borne flavivirus. The recombinant expression protein obtained in this study provides an important material basis for further research on the function of JE virus NS1 protein.

BACKGROUND:Numerous scholars have previously researched certain greater tuberosity fractures and the procedures used to treat them.Few researchers,however,have studied the comminuted split fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus(Liu-Gang type IV)with rotator cuff tear in great detail. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of open repair position modified calcaneal plate combined with suture anchors and proximal humeral internal locking system(PHILOS)plate in the treatment of comminuted fracture of split-type greater tuberosity of humerus combined with rotator cuff tears(Liu-Gang type IV). METHODS:Case data of 30 patients with comminuted fracture of split-type greater tuberosity of humerus combined with rotator cuff tears(Liu-Gang type IV)from May 2012 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the modified calcaneal plate combined with suture anchor group(group A)and the PHILOS with#2 Johnson group(group B),with 15 cases in each group.Intraoperative blood loss,surgical time,and incision length of all patients were recorded.Pain visual analog scale score,Constant-Murley score,as well as shoulder joint abduction,forward flexion,external rotation,and dorsal expansion activities during the last follow-up(>1 year)were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The surgical incision length and operation time were shorter,and blood loss was less in group A than those in group B(P<0.05).(2)No significant difference in visual analog scale score and Constant-Murley score was detected between the two groups(P>0.05).(3)During the last follow-up,forward flexion in group A was better than that in group B(P<0.05).No significant difference in abduction,external rotation,and dorsal expansion was determined between group A and group B(P>0.05).(4)In terms of complications,there was 1 case of shoulder joint pain and discomfort in group A(7%),2 cases of subacromial impingement syndrome,2 cases of upward movement of nodules,and 2 cases of shoulder joint pain(40%)in group B.There were significant differences in complication rates between the two groups(P=0.031).(5)In summary,the modified calcaneal plate combined with suture anchors in the treatment of comminuted fracture of split-type greater tuberosity of humerus combined with rotator cuff tears(Liu-Gang type IV)could better restore the forward flexion function of the shoulder joint and has a small incision,less blood loss,shorter operation time and fewer complications.