Neuronal?_4?_2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs) are the most widespread subtypes in central nervous system.?_4?_2 nAChRs mainly exist in procerebrum,parietal lobe cortex,temporal lobe cortex,hippocampus,basal ganglion and cerebellum.Researches on gene knock-out mice have demonstrated that?_4?_2 receptors participate in the development,aging,neuron survival,pain,and learning and memory,and are also involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid release and dopaminergic function.Studies have disclosed that?_4?_2 nAChRs relate to the development of variety of neurological diseases,including pain,Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Neuronal α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the most widespread subtypes in central nervous system, α4β2 nAChRs mainly exist in procerebrum, parietal lobe cortex, temporal lobe cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglion and cerebellum. Researches on gene knock-out mice have demonstrated that α4β2 receptors participate in the development, aging, neuron survival, pain, and learning and memory, and are also involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid release and dopaminergic function. Studies have disclosed that α4β2 nAChRs relate to the development of variety of neurological diseases, including pain, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Objective To study the application value of digitization radiography in group wound. Methods Emergency patient were taken photos on all positions by the system of digitized X-ray phantom equipment DR or CR. Results Image quality was improved and the success ratio of taking photo reached 100%. Both lasting time of examination and the radiation dose reduced. Conclusion The application of digitized X-ray photography is superior to that of the system of traditional screen or piece,which provides more information of photography for clinical in time.

Objective To probe into the epidemic feature, pa tho genic spectrum and main risk factors of diarrhea during the field training in ar my. Methods Detection of morbidity,investigation of risk factor s and detachment of pathogen were performed. Results The diarrh eal incidence rate of army of field training was 4.36%(106/2 433), which was higher than that of hold garrison(0.98%, 2/204). The incidence rate of officers was lower than that of soldiers. Two incidence peaks concerned with the army motion course were foun d. The detection rate of lapactic bacteria from fecal of patients was 63.1%(65/1 03) and most of them were ETEC, followed by the plesiomonas shigelloides. Se ven ind ividual factors concerned with diarrhea disease were found with logistic analysi s, including dr inking unboiled water, going out to eating and so on. Conclusions Incidence of diarrhea in the army increased obviously during the field training and the chief pathogen are ETEC and plesiomonas shigelloides, at the same time, t he occurrence of diarrhea is related with many individual factors.

Objective To screen and identify the differential expression genes on peripheral blood cells of mice based on the experimental animal model of radon exposure. Methods BALB/c mice were exposed in a type HD-3 multifunctional radon-room, with the accumulative doses of radon-exposure group at 105 WLM and control group at 1 WLM. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells and the methods of SMART for dscDNA synthesis and SSH for gene screening was applied. With the construction of the cDNA library enriched with differentially expressed genes, the pMD 18-T plasmid containing LacZ operator at the multiple cloning site was used to allow a blue-white screening. The TA clones were amplified by nested PCR and the reverse Northern blot was used to identify up and down regulation of the clones. The differently expressed cDNA was then sequenced and analyzed. Results The subtracted cDNA libraries were successfully constructed. A total of 390 recombinant white colonies were randomly selected. Among the 312 cDNA monoelones selected from bath forward- and reverse-subtracted libraries,41 clones were chosen to sequence for their differential expressions based on reverse Northern blot. Among the 41 sequenced clones, 10 clones with known function/annotation and 3 new ESTs with the GenBank accession numbers were obtained. Most of the known function/annotation genes were revealed to be related with cell proliferation, metabolism, cellular apoptosis and carcinogenesis. Conclusions The animal model of radon exposure was established and the cDNA library of peripheral blood cells was suceessfully constructed. Radon exposure could up- and down-regulate a series of genes. Differentially expressed genes could be identified by using SSH technique and the results may help exploring mechanisms of random exposure.

OBJECTIVECombined the optical principle with automatic control technology and computer real-time image detection technology to develop a non-contact system for noninvasive esophageal varices pressure measurement.

METHODSThe system included the adjustable air pump, laser device, image collection and analysis program. The feasibility and accuracy of the system were verified by in vitro experiments.

RESULTSThe bionic vascular pressure measured by this system had good correlation and repeatability with the actual pressure.

CONCLUSIONSThis system is accurate, feasible and has good application prospects.

Blood Pressure Determination ; instrumentation ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Lasers ; Software

Resveratrol, as a natural polyphenolic compound, has a wide range of beneficial effects, which includes anti-tumor, cardiovascular protection, anti-oxidant and estrogen-like effects, and so on. Its various physiological properties are closely related to the therapeutic principle for prevention and treatment of high altitude hypoxia injury. Resveratrol may play an important role in relieving or curing high altitude diseases, especially high altitude polycythemia(HAPC). However, the literature about study and application of resveratrol in plateau medicine field is rarely reported up to now. In this review, we summarized the physiological effects of resveratrol, discussed the possible main principle of resveratrol for HAPC therapy, and looked forward to resveratrol's perspective or potential application in high altitude medicine.
Altitude ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; Polycythemia ; drug therapy ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) preconditioning on the PC12 cell apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation.Methods PC12 cells were seeded in 96-well plates and randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =6 each):control group (group C),cell injury group (group Ⅰ) and preconditioning with different concentrations of ALC groups (groups A1-3 ).In group C,the cells were incubated with DMEM liquid culture medium containing glucose 0.5 g/L for 3 h.In groups Ⅰ and A1-3 the cells were incubated with DMEM liquid culture medium containing sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) 3 mmol/L and glucose 0.5 g/L for 3 h,and in addition the cells were pre-incubated with ALC 0.2,0.4 and 0.6 mmol/L for 24 h in groups A1-3 respectively.Cell viability was evaluated by MTF assay,while the apoptosis in cells was detected using TUNEL.The activities of ATPase and SOD and MDA content were also detected.Results Oxygen-glucose deprivation significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells and the content of MDA,and decreased the cell viability and activities of SOD and ATPase in group Ⅰ compared with group C ( P ＜ 0.05).Preconditioning with ALC significantly increased the cell viability and the activities of SOD and ATPaes,and decreased the number of apoptotic cells and the content of MDA in groups A1-3 compared with group Ⅰ ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ALC preconditioning can attenuate PC12 cell injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation through inhibition of apoptosis in cells.

Adolescent ; Altitude ; Brain ; drug effects ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of simple hypobaric hypoxia on parameters of hematology and blood rheology in order to establish a rat model of simulated high altitude polycythemia (HAPC) for the study of pathophysiologic mechanisms and medical prevention and treatment of HAPC.

METHODSForty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three normal control groups and three hypoxia model groups. Normal control group rats were bred in normoxia conditions, and hypoxia group rats were subjected to hypoxic exposure for 8 hours per day at simulated 5 500 m high altitude in a hypobaric chamber. After hypoxic exposure for 2, 4, 12 weeks, one group of normal control and hypoxia model rats were killed and blood was collected, respectively. Then parameters of erythrocyte and blood rheology were examined.

RESULTSMucous membrane of hypoxia model rats showed obviously cyanosis after 2 weeks hypoxic exposure. Hemoglobin concentration of hypoxia model rats were beyond 210 g/L after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks hypoxia exposure and significantly increased than that of normal control rats respectively. Besides, RBC counts, hematocrit, whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index of hypoxia model rats were all notably higher than those of normal control rats respectively.

CONCLUSIONA rat model of high altitude polycythemia can be rapidly established by hypobaric hypoxia exposure at simulated 5 500 m high altitude for 8 hours daily.

Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Count ; Hematocrit ; Hypoxia ; Male ; Polycythemia ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar