AIM: To study the changes of bacterial ultrastructure, membrance potential and membrance patency of Escherichia coli during the postantibiotic effect after exposure to gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin in order to investigate the mechanisms of PAE. METHODS: During the Postantibiotic effect after exposure to gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin, the aliquots were taken from the bacterial culture at regular intervals. Then the fluorescence microscope was used to observe changes in bacterial ultrastructure and at the same time we studied the changes of membrance potential and membrance patency in Escherichia coli during the postantibiotic effect by flow cytometry in conjunction with fluorescent probes. RESULTS: The PAE phase characterized by filament formation after exposure to gatifloxacin by fluorescence microscopy,yet no significant changes in membrance potential and membrance patency of Escherichia coli were observed. CONCLUSION: Gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin can induce filamentation, and this change is indifferent with membrance potential and membrance patency of Escherichia coli.

Objective: To investigate the status of overweight and obesity and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into formulating the prevention and control strategies for overweight and obesity in students. Methods: Primary and middle school students from 5 counties (cities, districts) of Huzhou City were selected by using stratified cluster random sampling method from September to November, 2023. The general information, dietary habits and exercise behaviors were collected using the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index was used to analyze overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity. Results: A total of 7 573 students were surveyed, including 3 791 males (50.06%) and 3 782 females (49.94%). There were 2 754 primary school students (36.37%), 2 744 junior high school students (36.23%) and 2 075 senior high school students (27.40%). There were 2 166 students with overweight and obesity (28.60%), 1 186 students with overweight (15.66%), and 980 students with obesity (12.94%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female, OR=0.546, 95%CI: 0.493-0.604), frequency of sweetened beverage consumption (once and more per day, OR=1.349, 95%CI: 1.102-1.650), and frequency of milk and milk products consumption (less than once per day, OR=0.742, 95%CI: 0.577-0.954) were the influencing factors for overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Huzhou City is 28.60%, and is associated with gender, frequency of sweetened beverages and milk and milk products consumption.

Objective To compare the difference of procalcitonin (PCT)level between serum and plasma in children so as to in-vestigate whether ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dipotassium (EDTA-K2 )anti-coagulation plasma could replace serum to be an al-ternative material for PCT testing.Methods The PCT concentrations in the serum and EDTA-K2 anti-coagulation plasma from 90 children patients were detected by using the mini-VIDS-GB automatic enzyme linked fluorescence analyzer and the plasma PCT au-tomatic quantitative detection method.The correlation between the two sets of data was analyzed.And the data were assigned into the 3-level groups for conducting statistic analysis.At the same time the influence of child′s age and gender on the PCT level was al-so discussed.Results The PCT level in serum was well correlated with that in EDTA-K2 anti-coagulation plasma (r=0.812,P <0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in PCT levels between serum and plasma measured in the low level groups (P >0.05).However,the differences of the PCT levels between serum and EDTA-K2 anti-coagulation plasma in the middle level group and high level group were statistically significant (P <0.05).Child′s gender and age have significant effect on the PCT level. Conclusion There is statistically significant difference between serum and plasma PCT detection levels in children,which has an important guiding role for further systematic study of PCT level difference in serum and EDTA-K2 anticoagulation plasma and its clinical significance.

Objective To compare the effect of diversification rehabilitation team mode on function in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods Sixty-six patients with cerebral infarction were divided into diversification rehabilitation team mode group (diversification group) and routine rehabilitation mode (routine group) according to the rehabililation method with 33 cases each. All patients of 2 groups were treated for 2 weeks. Evaluations were made before and after treatment. The simplified Fugl-Meyer motor function rating scale was used to evaluate motor function, modified Barthel index was used to evaluate activities of daily living, and MOS 36-item short form health survey was used to evaluate quality of life;and 0-100 digital simulation assessment was used to evaluate patient satisfaction after treatment. Results The simplified Fugl-Meyer motor function rating scale score, modified Barthel index score, MOS 36-item short form health survey score and patient satisfaction rate after treatment in diversification group were significantly better than those in routine group: (76 ± 4) scores vs. (63 ± 3) scores, (65 ± 3) scores vs. (52 ± 4 ) scores, (57 ± 7) scores vs. (44 ± 6) scores, (92 ± 5) scores vs. (77 ± 3) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions Both kinds of rehabilitation model can promote functional recovery in patients with cerebral infarction, but diversification rehabilitation team model is better than conventional model.

In recent years, the prevention and cure of infectious bursal disease (IBD) have become more and more difficult due to the emergence of very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) and the variant strains of IBDV. In this research, the hybridoma cell lines which secretes anti-idiotypic antibodies against anti-IBDV IgG were established. According to the Jerne's theory of immune network, the use of the anti-idiotypic antibodies as a vaccine will be a new method for the prevention of IBD. In this study, the SPF chickens were inoculated with the IBDV- SD strain, and the bursal was obtained from the died chickens. The bursal was then homogenized and frozen-thawed 3 cycles, and the virus samples were prepared by cane sugar density gradient centrifugation and dialysis. Typical IBDV particles were observed under an electron microscope, and the concentration of the virus protein measured by ultraviolet absorbance spectrophotometry was 10.8 mg/mL. SPF chickens were immunized with the virus and the highly immunized sera were prepared and purified by Sulfuric acid ammonia salt out and Sephadex G-25 chromatography. Then, Balb/C mice of six or eight weeks old were immunized interapertoneally(I. P.) with purified antibodies to IBDV at regular intervals. SP2/0 myeloma cells were fused with the spleencytes from the immunized mice at a ratio of 10:1, in 50% polyethylene glycol (1540) and were then cultured in HAT until all the SP2/0 cells died. The hybridoma cells were selected by ELISA and the highly positive holes were cloned 3 times with the method of limited dilution. Two strains (2B6 strain,5F4 strain) of hybridoma cells were obtained, which were shown by ELISA to steadily secrete anti-IBDV idiotypic antibodies. The chromosome number of the two hybridoma cells were about 88 - 106, 95 in average, and the antibodies secreted belonged to the types of IgG1 and Kappa. Balb/c mice of 3 months old were inoculated I.P. with about 10(7) hybridoma cells per capita, and the ascites were collected 12 days later and the titre of anti-IBDV idiotypic antibodies measured by ELISA was 1 :25600 (for 2B6) and 1:12800 (for 5F4) . The ascites containing the anti-IBDV idiotypic antibodies were emulsified with complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvants, and the anti-IBDV idiotypic antibody vaccine was obtained. SPF and common Jingbai chickens were immunized with the vaccine obtained. The immunized chickens with the vaccine were inoculated with IBDV-SD strain at a dose of 2000 ELD50 after twoimmunizations. All the 10 SPF chickens in the non-immunized group were sick, and 8 of them died; and 5 out of the 50 SPF chickens immunized group got sick and 2 died. All the 10 common Jingbai chickens in the control group were sick, and 6 died; 7 of the 30 immunized common Jingbai chickens got sick and only 1 died. Chi2 analysis showed that the difference between the immunized and the non-immunized groups in both the SPF and the common Jingbai chickens were significant (P < 0.01). Our result indicated that the anti-IBDV idiotypic antibody vaccine well protected chickens and had a great potential in both research and clinical application.
Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Birnaviridae Infections ; immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chickens ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hybridomas ; immunology ; metabolism ; Infectious bursal disease virus ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen ; cytology ; Viral Vaccines ; biosynthesis ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of the level of lipid peroxidation and biomechanical properties after chronic treating with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in thoracic aorta of hyperlipemia (HL) rats.

METHODSHL rats were given BH4 chronically. The opening angle in the zero-stress state and the relationship between pressure and diameter (P-D) of mesenteric artery were measured by computer image 8, 16, and 24 week-old respectively.

RESULTSTreating with BH4 chronically from 8 week-old in HL rats, there was a significant increase in the zero-stress state of opening angle of thoracic aorta. The P-D curve of mesenteric artery moved upward.

CONCLUSIONTreating with BH4 prevented the structure and function of artery from abnormal changing, and attenuated lipid peroxidation in HL rats.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; drug effects ; Biopterin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents possessing cytotoxicity activity from Elaeagnus pungens.

METHODThe constituents were separated through repeated chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate ether extract of leaves of E. pungens. Their structures were elucidated as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), 3, 3'-dimethoxyquercetin (2), caffeic acid methyl ester (3), methyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate (4), spingic acid (5), 4-methoxylbenzoic acid (6), 3-methylkaempferol (7), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (8), dausosterol (9).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Elaeagnaceae ; chemistry ; HeLa Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Parabens ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

Objective To compare two effective preparation methods for paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles, and to evaluate the physiochemical properties as for acoustic activated drug delivery. Methods Paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles were prepared with two methods: one was mixed with phospholipids directly (Ⅰ); the other was added in triacetin, then mixed with phospholipids (Ⅱ). Concent ration, size, pH, drug entrapment efficiency, drug-loading amounts of these two kinds of paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles were studied, while drug release with ultrasound and tumor imaging enhanced on rabbit breast tumor were observed. Results There was no significant difference in tumor imaging between two kinds of microbubbles which could be ruptured by low energy ultrasound. Compared with Ⅰ, the mean diameter of Ⅱ decreased significantly ([ 1.07±0.38] μm vs [2.79± 0.41] μm, P<0.01), the surface potencial was higher ([19.10±0.32] mV vs [-5.90±0.21] mV, P<0.01), whereas entrapment efficiency and drug-loading amounts increased markedly ([ 95.00±1.22]% vs [36.10±4.74]%, P<0.01; [5.60±0.11]% vs [0.50±0.04]%, P<0.01). Conclusion The Ⅱ paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles added triacetin have an important clinical value.

Neurogranin, a neuron-specific postsynaptic protein, has been considered to play an important role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal restraint stress on neurogranin expression in rat offspring hippocampus. Pregnant rats were given a restraint stress (3 times a day for 7 d, 45 min each time) at the late stage of gestation except that in the control group. The offspring rats were divided into four groups: female control group, male control group, female stress group and male stress group. Expression of neurogranin was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that neurogranin-positive immunostaining was detected in all areas of the hippocampus. The staining density was stronger in the CA1 and CA3 regions than that in the dentate gyrus (DG) region. Western blot assay showed that neurogranin protein level in female and male prenatal stressed offspring was significantly lower than that in the controls (P<0.01). Neurogranin level was significantly lower in the female stress group than that in the male stress group, whereas there was no significant gender difference in the control group. Immunohistochemical data further confirmed these results. The present study provides evidence that prenatal restraint stress induces gender-dependent decrease in neurogranin expression in the offspring hippocampus. The prenatal restraint stress-induced decrease in neurogranin expression in the hippocampus might be associated with the deficit in spatial learning and memory reported previously.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Hippocampus ; chemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurogranin ; analysis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Restraint, Physical ; Stress, Psychological ; metabolism

The objective of current study was to investigate the quasispecies of hepatitis E virus in swine. The partial ORF2 region of HEV envelope gene from four swine HEV strains was amplified by RT-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR). After cloning and transformation of PCR products, 20 positive clones of each HEV isolate were subject to sequencing and DNA analysis. The homology among the different clones of each isolates was 96.8%-99.7%, 98.8%-99.7%, 98.8%-99.7% and 100%, respectively, while there was 96.8%-100% sequence identity at the nucleotide level compared with HEV strains isolated in Shanghai (SAAS-JDY5). This study confirmed that there existed quasispecies of HEV in swine.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; Disease Reservoirs ; virology ; Hepatitis E ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Swine ; virology