AIM: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection 1 week before pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. METHODS: A retrospective research was done on 46 PDR patients who were divided into PPV group (n=28) and IVB group (n=18, PPV with preoperative IVB). Bevacizumab was injected 1 week before PPV. Main outcome measures were visual acuity, incidence of iatrogenic retinal breaks, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. RESULTS: At 1 month after surgery, visual acuity in PPV (82.1%) and IVB group (88.9%) improved significantly (P<0.01) and the difference between the two groups was not significant. Iatrogenic retinal breaks were reported in 18 cases (64.3%) in PPV group and 4 cases (22.2%) in IVB group (P<0.05). Intraoperative bleeding was encountered in all cases in PPV group and 7 cases (39%) in IVB group (P<0.01). Postoperative bleeding was reported in 9 cases (32.1%) in PPV group and none in IVB group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: IVB injection before PPV is helpful in reducing iatrogenic retinal breaks, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding in PDR patients.

Aldose reductase ( AR ) belonging to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH ) -dependent aldehyde-keto reductase superfamily, is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway which plays an important role in the body’s high-sugar metabolism. AR is widely present in the kidneys, blood vessels, lens, retina, heart, skeletal muscle and other tissues and organs, converts glucose to sorbitol which easy permeability of cell membranes, cause cell swelling, degeneration, necrosis, and have a close relationship with the development of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is a multifactorial disease, the exact cause is currently unknown, but polyol pathway has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR. Clinical risk factors such as blood sugar control, blood pressure and other treatments for DR only play a part effect of remission or invalid, if we can find out DR genes associated with the disease, this will contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms and contribute to the development of new treatments and drugs. The current research progress of AR, AR gene polymorphism, Aldose reductase inhibitors to DR was reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of intestinal flora in infants with different feeding patterns.Methods Sixty-two cases of health infants(30-120 d)were divided into 4 groups according to their feeding patterns:breast feeding,imported powder milk feeding,domestic powder milk feeding and mixed feeding.Samples of their fresh feces in each group were collected and divided into sections equally:the bifidobacteria were isolated in anaerobic box and the number was counted for one section;for the other section,total DNA of intestinal flora was extracted and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) fingerprints were amplified with the method of ERIC-PCR.After that,the specific bands observed in different groups were cloned and sequenced and alignmented.Results The colonies of bifidobacteria were more in breast feeding and mixed feeding groups[(9.10 ± 1.33) cfu/g;(8.62 ± 1.35) cfu/g]than those in domestic powder milk feeding and imported powder milk feeding groups[(7.62 ± 1.22) cfu/g;(7.32 ± 0.80) cfu/g,t =3.23,P ＜ 0.05];while there was no significant difference between breast feeding and mixed feeding groups,and between 2 powder milk feeding groups.Two specific bands were found from the ERIC fingerprints (A:1 100 bp mainly in breast feeding,domestic powder milk feeding and mixed feeding groups;B:1 000 bp mainly in imported powder milk feeding group).Sequencing and analysis of Basic Local Alignment Search Tool showed that homologous bacteria of A and B fragments were bifidobacterium longum.The encoding protein of A fragments might be related to the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism,and B fragments were related to the enzymes of protein metabolism.Conclusions The colonies of bifidobacteria in intestinal tract are more in breast feeding and mixed feeding infants than those in formula feeding groups.The distribution of intestinal flora in domestic powder milk feeding infants is more similar to that of the breast feeding infants.

Objective: To investigate the trend in incidence of hepatitis C in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province from 2008 to 2022, and to examine the age-period-cohort effect, so as to provide the basis for the formulation of hepatitis C prevention strategies. Methods: Demographic data and incidence data of hepatitis C in Jingzhou City from 2008 to 2022 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the trend in incidence of hepatitis C was analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC). The effects of age, period and cohort on the incidence of hepatitis C were examined with an age-period-cohort model. Results: The average annual incidence of hepatitis C in Jingzhou City from 2008 and 2022 was 20.26/105, with a male incidence of 20.04/105 and a female incidence of 20.47/105. The incidence of hepatitis C initially rose and then fell (AAPC=5.375%, P<0.05), with a rising trend from 2008 to 2018 (APC=13.370%, P<0.05) and a decreasing trend from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-12.231%, P<0.05). The incidence of hepatitis C appeared a tendency towards a rise with age, and the 80-84 age group had the highest risk (RR=11.420, 95%CI: 7.631-17.090) in relative to the 45-49 age group. The incidence of hepatitis C appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a decline with time, and an increased risk of hepatitis C was seen from 2013 to 2017 (RR=1.393, 95%CI: 1.272-1.525) and a decreased risk was seen from 2018 to 2022 (RR=1.237, 95%CI: 1.072-1.428) in relative to the period from 2008 to 2012. The incidence of hepatitis C appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a decline with the cohort, and a higher risk was found in the 1965-1984 cohort (all RR>1.300) in relative to the 1960-1964 cohort. The incidence of hepatitis C, the age and period effects in men and women, and the cohort effects in men were consistent with the whole population. In addition to the 1965-1984 cohort, a higher risk was found in the 2000-2014 cohort in women (all RR>1.250). Conclusions From 2008 to 2022, the incidence of hepatitis C in Jingzhou City experienced a notable rise and subsequent decline. The incidence of hepatitis C increased with age, with higher risks seen among middle-aged and elderly people.

Objective:To compare the effects of auricular point intradermal needling with auricular point sticking on digestive symptoms and quality of life in patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy regimens. Methods:Ninety-six patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to three groups using the random number table method,with 32 cases in each group.The control group received conventional nursing care plus 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist,and the other two groups received additional auricular point intradermal needling or sticking.For the three groups of participants,the acute and delayed vomiting and nausea severity,quality of life,and the additional antiemetic consumption rate were observed. Results:The three groups had no significant differences in the acute vomiting frequency and nausea severity and appetite(P>0.05)but had significant differences in the delayed vomiting frequency and nausea severity(P<0.05);the auricular point intradermal needling group won over the auricular point sticking group.The three groups showed significant differences in comparing the appetite in the delayed stage(P<0.05);both auricular point intradermal needling and sticking groups showed advantages over the control group(P<0.05),but no significant difference existed between the auricular point intradermal needling and sticking groups(P>0.05).There were significant differences in comparing the functional living index-emesis(FLIE)score in both acute and delayed stages among the three groups(P<0.05)and the result favored the auricular point intradermal needling group over the auricular point sticking group(P<0.05).The additional antiemetic consumption rate was higher in the control group than in the other groups(P<0.05). Conclusion:Based on the conventional nursing and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist,adding either auricular point intradermal needling or auricular point sticking can lower the vomiting frequency and nausea severity in the delayed stage and improve appetite in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy regimen,but they have no notable impact on digestive symptoms in the acute stage;auricular point intradermal needling is superior to auricular point sticking in comparing the overall efficacy.Both auricular point intradermal needling and auricular point sticking can enhance the quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy and reduce their additional antiemetic consumption.

Objective To investigate the experience of treating Budd-Chiari syndrome through orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods The clinical data of LTx performed on 9 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome from December 2003 to April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. We summarize the preoperative image and surgical experience,and observe the occurrence of postoperative complications and survival. Results Budd-Chiari syndrome was diagnosed in 9 patients by the preoperative abdominal CT enhancement and vascular reconstruction,and cavity venography was done to observe obstruction and sub-type of CAVA vein.All 9 patients were subjected to cadaveric liver transplantation.Eight cases accepted classic non bypass type,and one accepted living related right lobe liver transplantation. Postoperative triple immunosuppressive regimen included tacrolimus,mycophenolate mofetil,and hormone.The average follow-up periods for all these 9 patients were 32.8 months (13 to 61 months). One patient died from the tumor recurrence at 35th month after the operation.Two patients received re-transplantation for the lost of the graft.One recipient received the donor liver with medium steatosis,and the re-transplantation was performed on the12th day after the first transplantation due to the primary non function of the graft.The other one received the secondary liver transplantation at 6th month after the first transplantation due to the biliary complication and died from the liver tumor recurrence. Among all the 9 cases,seizure disorder (1 case),dysfunction of duodenal papillary muscle (1 case) and small-for-size syndrome (one case) occurred after the operation.Pulmonary infection occurred in 4 cases:3 cases due to the bacterial infection and 1 due to the fungal infection. Neither outflow obstruction nor the recurrence of the Budd-Chiari syndrome occurred in this study.The 1- and 2-year survival rate after the operation was both 100％,and 3-year survival rate post-transplantation was 88.9％ (8/9).Conclusion Liver transplantation can be the ideal treatment to the Budd-Chiari syndrome based on the definite clinical diagnosis,accurate imaging evaluation and eligible modus operandi.

ObjectiveTo investigate the difference in the effects of sevoflurane inhalation on hippocampal neuronal phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein between male and female rats.MethodsFiftyeight healthy SD rats aged 3 months weighing 180-440 g were randomly divided into 4 groups:group female control (Fc group,n ＝ 15) ; group female sevoflurane (Fs group,n ＝ 15) ; group male control (Mc group,n ＝ 14) and group male sevoflurane (Ms group,n ＝ 14).The 2 control groups (Fc group,Mc group) inhaled 95％ 02 for 2 h,while the 2 sevoflurane groups (Fs group,Ms group) inhaled 3％ sevoflurane for 2 h.The cognitive function was assessed by passive avoidance task performed on the 2nd day after sevoflurane inhalation and Morris water maze test once a day for 5 consecutive days from day 3-7 after sevoflurane.The animals were sacrificed after last cognitive function assessment test on the 7th day after sevoflurane inhalation and their brains were removed for determination of expression of hippocampal neuronal p-CREB1,Bcl-2 and caspase-8 protein expression.ResultsSevoflurane inhalation significantly increased the escape latency and swimming distance at day 3 after sevoflurane inhalation in group Fs and at days 3-6 in group Ms as compared with their control groups (Fc group,Mc group) in Morris water maze test.The escape latency and swimming distance were significantly longer at 4-6 d in Ms group than in Fs group.Sevoflurane significantly decreased p-CREB1 and Bcl-2 protein expression and increased caspase-8 expression in groups Fs and Ms as compared with their control groups (Fc group,Mc group).Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly higher in group Fs than in group Ms.ConclusionTwo hour 3 ％ sevoflurane inhalation can induce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by down-regulating CREB1 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression and up-regulating caspase-8 expression.The effects are greater in male rats than in female rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent high glucose on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression of INS-1 cells, and the possible intracellular pathways activated by intermittent high glucose. Methods Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit, the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry,Annexin-V/PI double-labeled cell apoptosis detection kit was used to monitor cell apoptosis. Cell cycle related protein Skp2 and p27 expressions were detected by Western blot. Results ( 1 ) Both intermittent and constant high glucose significantly inhibited the growth of INS-1 cells, and the former effect was more significant. ( 2 ) Intermittent and constant high glucose levels significantly increased apoptosis in INS-1 cells, and the former effect was more significant. (3) Intermittent and constant high glucose levels significantly inhibited the cell process, the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest also was induced by intermittent high glucose, resulting in lowered proportion of the G2/M phase and S phase of INS-1 cells. (4) Intermittent and constant high glucose significantly decreased the level of protein Skp2 and increased the level of cell cycle related protein p27. Conclusion Intermittent high glucose levels affect INS-1 cell growth and proliferation, as well as induce cell apoptosis, probably by decreasing the level of protein Skp2 and increasing the level of p27 in the cells, resulting in arrest of progression through the G1 phase to the S phase of INS1 cells, and thus impairment of cell proliferation.

The drugs such as sildenafil adulterated in herbal products and dietary supplements may endanger human health. The number of the new modified derivatives is increasing recently. Based on Q-TOF-MS, a new sildenafil analogue was found. It was isolated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography. Its structure was determined by NMR, as 1-[4-propoxy-3-(6, 7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4, 3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl)phenylsulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine. Compared with sildenafil, the ethoxy group of the benzene ring moiety was moved to the propoxy group, which had not been reported in China. The mass spectrometric behavior pattern of the structure type was summarized, which can greatly accelerate the structural analysis of novel analogues.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of nano-SiO2 on spatial learning and memory.

METHODSTwenty-four male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (C group), low dose group (L group) and high dose group (H group). The rats were intragastrically administrated with nanometer particles at 25 and 100 mg/kg body weight every day for 4 weeks. After exposure, the ability of learning and memory of rats was tested by Morris water maze, and electrophysiological brain stereotactic method was used to test long-tear potentiation (LTP) in dentate gyrus (DG) of the rats.

RESULTSThe increase rate of body weight in H group was reduced significantly compared with C group ( P < 0.05). In the space exploration experiment of Morris water maze test, the escape latency of H group was longer than that of C group (P < 0.05). The rats of H group spent less time in finding the target quadrant (P < 0.05) . The rate of LP induction of H group was significantly lower than that of C group (P < 0.05). After high fre quency stimulation (HFS), The changes of amplitude of population spike (PS) of L group and H group were lower than those of C group significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNano-SiO₂may result in impairment of spatial learning and memory ability by reducing the rate of LTP induction and the increase of PS in hippocampus.

Animals ; Dentate Gyrus ; drug effects ; Long-Term Potentiation ; drug effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Nanoparticles ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Silicon Dioxide ; adverse effects ; Spatial Learning ; drug effects