Dengue virus receptor is one of the hot issues in the investigation of dengue virus.The structures of many receptors,such as proteins,Fc-R,heparin sulphate and LPS/CD14-associated binding proteins,have been confirmed.Recently,great progress has been made in the research of some special receptors found in cells suseptible to dengue virus,and protein compositions binding to the virus membrane domain have been isolated from several susceptible cell lines.The candidates for the composition of the receptor can be catergorized into heat-shock protein,glucose regulated protein,laminin receptor,DC specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin,etc.This article reviewed the recent advancements in the study of dengue virus receptors.

AIM: To explore the anti-LPS mechanisms of ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (?-MSH), the effects of ?-MSH on the expression of SOCS-3 mRNA and the production of NO in murine peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS were investigated. METHODS: BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in vitro and induced by LPS, ?-MSH and LPS with ?-MSH, respectively. The expression of SOCS-3 mRNA was detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NO produced in macrophages was tested with Griess reagent. RESULTS: The level of NO and the expression of SOCS-3 mRNA were significantly increased in macrophages stimulated with LPS.?-MSH markedly decreased the expression of SOCS-3 mRNA and almost completely inhibited the production of NO induced by LPS. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the negative regulative circuits operated by SOCS are activated during the inflammation induced by LPS, but SOCS might not be involved in the anti-LPS mechanism of ?-MSH.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a critical disease in clinical practice and has a mortality rate as high as 80％.At present,there are still no ideal therapeutic measures for ACLF.Stem cell transplantation has unique advantages in the treatment of ACLF;however,there are still some issues regarding the research on stem cell transplantation,which limit its clinical application.This article elaborates on conventional treatment methods,source of stem cells,transplantation approach,and related issues,in order to provide help for further studies.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a disease associated with a variety of factors such as age, psychological factors, physical conditions, and lifestyle, and it severely affects the patients quality of life. In the past, some non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) transcribed by genes but not translated into the protein were regarded as the "waste" in the process of gene expression. But in the recent years, ncRNAs have been found to play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and its products, which may affect penile erectile function. This review focuses on the recent progress in the studies of the relationship between ncRNAs and erectile dysfunction.
Erectile Dysfunction ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; RNA, Untranslated ; physiology

· The mechanisms of regeneration and protection of optic nerve the represent of central nerves are researched more and more profoundly and extensively in recent years. The retinal ganglion cells protection after injury is stopping or preventing it from apoptosis mainly. The methods include glutamic acid inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor, neurotrophic factor, gene therapy, acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine and so on. However, there have no any medicines or operations that play definite curative role in the retinal ganglion cells protection after injury up to now. So the ganglion cells protection is at its exploratory research stage,which will shoulder heavy responsibilities.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Dengue virus 2 (DV2) on the expression and secretion of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: HUVECs were primarily isolated, purified and cultured. Cells of 2-3 generations were infected with DV2 with different MOI values (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16). HUVECs cultured with RPM11640 medium were taken as negative control. The viability of HUVECs was assessed by CCK-8 assay before and at different time points after DV2 infection(6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h). Flow cytometry was used to detect the VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs. The expression of cytoplasmic VCAM-1 mRNA was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: When the MOI value was 2, DV2 had no significant influence on cell viability compared with the control group. DV2 infection significantly promoted the transcription of VCAM-1 mRNA compared with the control group(P<0.05). The expression of VCAM-1 mRNA peaked at 12 h after infection and remained at a higher level within 96 h(P<0.05). The expression at 12-48 h after infection was significantly higher than that at other time points(P<0.05). HUVECs hardly had VCAM-1 mRNA expression under normal condition. The expression of VCAM-1 protein was significantly increased at 12-72 h after infection compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: DV2 can increase the expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in HUVECs, which might be one of the important mechanisms for elevated vascular permeability and plasma leakage after DV2 infection.

Dengue virus receptor is one of the hot issues in the investigation of dengue virus. The structures of many receptors, such as proteins, Fc-R, heparin sulphate and LPS/CD14-associated binding proteins, have been confirmed. Recently, great progress has been made in the research of some special receptors found in cells suseptible to dengue virus, and protein compositions binding to the virus membrane domain have been isolated from several susceptible cell lines. The candidates for the composition of the receptor can be catergorized into heat-shock protein, glucose regulated protein, laminin receptor, DC specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integring, etc. This article reviewed the recent advancements in the study of dengue virus receptors.

Angiopoietins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; physiopathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Pericytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

AIM: To observe the effects of ?-MSH on the expression of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA in mou se peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS and explore the mechanisms of ?-MSH ag ainst LPS. METHODS: BALB/C mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in the presence of LPS or LPS plus ?-MSH, and the expressions of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA were detected with the m ethod of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: It was found that native murine macrophages o nly expressed a small amount of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA. Both CD14 and TLR4 mRNA expr ession to LPS in mouse macrophages increased significantly than those of contro l group at 6 h and maintained high level until 24 h when they reached to the pea k. Then the expression of CD14 mRNA backed to the normal gene expression baselin e, while TLR4 mRNA had excessive expression at 48 h. In presence of LPS and ?- MSH, the expression of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA decreased remarkably than those of L PS group (P0.05). Only when the dose s of ?-MSH attained to 1, 10 or 100 nmol/L,?-MSH could affect LPS-stimulated e xpression of CD14 and TLR4 mRNA (P0.05). CONCLUSION: These studies suggest that effects of ?-MSH against LPS are associated with its suppressing the critical receptor (CD14 and TLR4) expression of the LPS signal transduction and inhibiting the activation of macrophages.

High mobility group box chromosomal protein (HMGB1), an abundant eukaryotic nonhistone chromosomal protein, is previously known as a nuclear DNA-binding protein that stabilizes the structure and function of chromatin, regulates gene transcription. Recent studies identify that extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of endotoxemia and sepsis.HMGB1 is released by activated macrophages,induces the release of other proinflammatory mediators,and mediates lethality when overexpressed. It may also be a key signal for eliciting immune responses to cellular injury and death.Moreover,the late kinetics of HMGB1,in compared with other proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-1,suggest that targeting HMGB1 may provide a wide and clinically accessible therapeutic window.Three independent strategies to inhibit HMGB1 release and action are now available:anti-HMGB1 antibodies,A box,and ethyl pyruvate. This review covers the general features of HMGB1 and progress in research on its newly role as a cytokine participating in the development of sepsis.