BACKGROUND: Prevention of tissue damage during early hours of cerebral ischemia has remained a major challenge in acute stroke management.Whether the application of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can protect cerebraltissue or not remains a question to be answered.OBJECTIVE: In cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model we studied the change on CGRP and β-endorphine levels and the therapeutic implication with hyperbaric oxygenation.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Animal Research Department of Capital University of Medical Science.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Animal Research Department of the Capital University of Medical Science from December 2003 to February 2005. Sixty three healthy Sprague-Dewey female rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. There were 7 in the sham operation group. Four groups with 7 in each group received cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) and blood sample taken at 6, 24, 48 and 96 hourrespectively. Another 4 groups (IR-HBO) with 7 in each received cerebral ischemia and reperfusion under hyperbaric oxgenation with blood sampling at 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours.INTERVENTIONS: With the exception of sham operation groups, animals in all the experimental groups were exposed to global cerebral is chemia of 20 minutes duration. Sham operation group and the IR groups remained under the normal atmospheric pressure. The HBO chamber was flushed with 100% oxygen for 5 minutes and raised the pressure in 5 minutes to a steady pressure at 0.2MPa. Rats in IR-HBO groups were put into the chamber with inhalation of 100% oxygen for 45 minutes and decompression was done for 15 minutes. The rats in HBO group were placed into the HBO chamber after 3-hour post reperfusion on the first day and this treatment was repeated for three consecutive days, always at the same time.Plasma was collected after 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours or 96 hours post cerebral reperfusion, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The level of CGRP and β-EP in the plasma were measured by RIA (Radio-immunoassay).RESULTS: Sixty-three rats entered the final analysis. ① At 6-hour ischemia-repefusion: CGRP in HBO group was increased (64.12±18.16) ng/L and the onset time was earlier than that in IR group and the level was higher than those in IR group (32.62 ±11.72)ng/L and sham operation group (49.09±8.59)ng/L at the same time point (F=6.614, P ＜ 0.001, P ＜ 0.05). Β-EP level in 6-hour HBO group was slightly increased, but recovered at 24-hour, 48-hour, 96-hour HBO groups. ② At 24-hour and 48-hour ischemia-reperfusion: The plasma CGRP levels of the HBO group recover within 24-hours [(43.53±22.73)ng/L, F=0.390; (46.02±10.64)ng/L,F=0.969, P ＞ 0.05]. ③ 96-hour ischemia-reperfusion: CGRP increase in the IR group (81.74±20.64)ng/L was higher than that in the sham operation group (49.09±8.59)ng/L and the HBO group (40.98±20.52)ng/L at the same time point (F=6.419, P ＜ 0.01); and also obviously higher than those in 6-hour, 24-hour and 48-hour IR group (F=10.806, P ＜ 0.01).The β-EP level at 96-hour HBO group was decreased to the lowest as compared with that in the sham operation group [(370.00±130.15)ng/L,(872.30±403.92)ng/L, F=3.691, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: ① HBO in the early period of cerebral ischemia can reduce the onset of injury of cerebral tissue through increasing CGRP level and decreasing β-EP level; ②The more times treated by HBO, the better is its therapeutic effect.

BACKGROUND: The level of blood neuron-specific enolase may help predict the severity of brain damage.OBJECTIVE: To define the optimal time window of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) treatment for brain ischemia based on the dynamical changes in plasma neuron-specific enolase bioactivity.DESIGN: Factorial design.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Capital University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of the Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences in June 2002. Totally 54 adult female SD rats were randomized into 3 groups, namely sham operation group(n=6), ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group (n=24), and HBO group (n=24), the latter 2 groups further divided into 4 groups according to the reperfusion time of 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours, with 6 rats in each subgroup.METHODS: [1] Rat models of IR was prepared by occlusion of the 4 arteries for 20 minutes followed by reperfusion for different time. [2] The rats in the sham operation received the same operation without blocking the arteries. The rats in HBO group were subjected to HBO treatment (0.2 MPa,pure oxygen for 45 minutes), which was given after a 3-hour reperfusion inthe 6-hour subgroup and scheduled once daily at the same time point in the other 3 subgroups until blood sampling. The rats in IR group and sham operation group were kept under normal pressure without additional oxygen.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood samples were collected at the specified time points in IR and HBO groups and at 24 hours of reperfusion in the sham operation group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to determine the activity of plasma neuron-specific enolase.RESULTS: Totally 54 rats enter result analysis after supplementary.Plasma neuron-specific enolase level was significantly lower in the sham operation group (1.97±0.09) μg/L than in 6 and 96-hour subgroups in the IR group [(2.80±0.26), (2.40±0.19) μg/L, respectively, P ＜ 0.05],and was obviously lower in 6-hour HBO subgroup than the 6-hour IR group [(2.04±0.27) μg/L, P ＜ 0.05], which was slightly increased at 24hours after HBO treatment but the difference was of no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: IR injury may lead to increment of plasma neuron-specific enolase level, which occurred at 6 and 96 hours respectively in IR group, possibly due to acute neuronal necrosis during brain ischemia and subsequent delayed neuronal apoptosis. HBO treatment promotes the recovery of neuron-specific enolase level, with 6 hours of reperfusion as the optimal therapeutic time window.

A large number of health information management persons are needed in regional health information construction and the characteristics of medical institutions needing for health information management persons in re-gional health information construction are different.Analysis of their common and specific needs for health informa-tion management persons can show the training target of information management , establish the scientific and rational training mechanisms, optimize the course system, enforce the practical education in colleges and universities, and increase the employment of their graduate , thus meeting the crying need of health information management persons in our country .

Objective: To identify Aconitum pendulum Busch. and Aconitum kongboense Lauener. Methods: Aconitum pendulum Busch. and Aconitum kongboense Lauener were identified by microscopical identification and TLC. And the contents of aconitine in the two herbs were determined by HPLC. Results:Microscopical identification showed they were different from each other, and aconitine was used as the reference component. Using the solution consisting of hexane ∶ethyl acetate ∶diethylamine (10 ∶6 ∶0. 8) as the developing solvent, the compositions in the two herbs were different in TLC. The content of aconitine in Aconitum pendulum Busch was 0. 71 mg· g-1 , while that in Aconitum kongboense Lauener was only 0. 03 mg·g-1 . Conclusion:Aconitum pendulum Busch. and Aconitum kong-boense Lauener Identified by microscopical identification, TLC and HPLC,SHOW NOTABLE differences between them, and Aconitum kongboense Lauener should not be used as Aconitum pendulum Busch.

Objective To give an empirical study on the interests claims of employees in public hospitals. Methods By questionnaire investigation, to sum up data using factor analysis and pairedsamples T test, and to compare difference between different kinds of patients using ANOVA. Results The interests claims of employees can be summed up to seven factors and there is some significant difference between different kinds of employees. Conclusion At current stage, public hospitals need pay more attention to material interests claims of employees.

Objective To investigate the effects of adiponectin on angiotensin Ⅱ-induced extracellular matrix production of mesangial cells(MCs) and its possible signaling pathway.Methods RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence examination were performed to detect the adiponectin receptors in MCs.Quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to observe the effects of adiponectin on angiotensin Ⅱ-induced transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) and fibronectin production of MCs.Western blotting was used to measure the ratio of p-AMPK to total AMPK.Results(1)Adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 were found in MCs. (2)The up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and fibronectin in MCs induced with 10-7 mol/L angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) was significantly inhibited by 10 mg/L adiponectin (P＜0.05).(3)The p-AMPK/AMPK ratio was significantly increased after incubation with adiponectin for 15 min and 30 min(vs 0 min, P＜0.05), which suggested that adiponectin could activate the AMPK signaling pathway in MCs.The activation of AMPK signaling pathway was blocked by 40 μmol/L compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMPK. (4)The inhibitory effects of adiponectinonangiotensin Ⅱ-upregulatedTGF-β1andfibronectinexpressioninMCswere significantly relieved by 40 μmol/L compound C (P＜0.05).Conclusions There are adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 in MCs.Adiponectin has inhibitory effects on the angiotensin Ⅱ-upregulated TGF-β1and fibronectin expression in MCs.AMPK signaling pathway may play an important role in the effects of adiponectin above-mentioned.

Objective To evaluate the mid-term results of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using Transfix technique.Methods From August 2002 to December 2003,38 patients (24 left knees and 14 right knees) with ACL ruptures underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon using Transfix femoral fixation and interference screws tibial fixation.There were 21 males and 17 females,aged from 19 to 48 years (average,28.4 years).The causes of injury included sports injury in 27 cases,traffic injury in 2 cases and fall injury in 2 cases,and 7 patients had no significant injury.There were 6 cases of acute injury and 32 cases of old injury.Anterior drawer test was positive in 35 cases,weak positive in 1 case and negative in 2 cases.Lachman test was positive in 37 cases,and weak positive in 1 case.The Lysholm score was used to evaluate the results.Moreover,X-rays and MRIs were used to observe the conditions of graft and bone tunnel.Results Thirty-six patients were followed up for 6.3 to 7.6 years (average,6.8 years).All patients had normal joint range of motion.The Lysholm score improved from preoperative 64.4±4.52 to postoperative 85.6±4.60,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The X-rays and MRIs showed femoral and tibial tunnel enlargement in 3 cases,femoral tunnel enlargement in 5 cases and tibial tunnel enlargement in 3 cases.No joint space narrowing was found in all patients.One patient underwent arthroscopic revision ACL reconstruction with allograft tendon using bioabsorbable interference screws fixation on both tibial and femoral sides for re-rupture of ACL 4 years after operation due to trauma.Conclusion Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon using Transfix femoral fixation and interference screws tibial fixation is an effective method,which can provide satisfactory joint range of motion and stability.

In order to optimize extraction process conditions of tannins from Geranium orientali-tibeticum by supercritical CO2, the content of tannins was determined by phosphomolybdium tungsten acid-casein reaction, with extraction pressure, extraction temper- ature and extraction time as factors, the content of tannins from extract of G. orientali-tibeticum as index, technology conditions were optimized by orthogonal test. Optimum technology conditions were as follows: extraction pressure was 25 MPa, extraction temperature was 50 °C, extracted 1.5 h. The content of tannins in extract was 12.91 mg x g(-1), extract rate was 3.67%. The method established could be used for assay the contents of tannin in G. orientali-tibeticum. The circulated extraction was an effective extraction process that was stable and feasible, and that provides a way of the extraction process conditions of tannin from G. orientali-tibeticum.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Geranium ; chemistry ; Tannins ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on perennial allergic rhinitis between three nasal points acupuncture therapy and the oral administration of loratadine so as to provide the better acupuncture program in clinical treatment.

METHODSSixty cases were randomized into an acupuncture group (30 cases) and a medication group (30 cases). In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to three nasal points [Yingxiang (LI 20), Yintang (EX-HN 3), Bitong (Extra)] and acupoints selected by syndrome differentiation. Acupuncture was given once every two days, three times a week, for 4 weeks totally. In the medication group, loratadine was prescribed for oral administration, 10 mg every day, for 4 weeks. The symptom and physical sign scores before and after treatment, as well the short-term and long-term efficacy were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 96.7% (29/30) in the acupuncture group and was 93.3% (28/30) in the medication group after treatment. The efficacy was similar between the two groups (P>0.05). In follow-up, the total effective rate was 86.7% (26/30) in the acupuncture group, which was better than 56.7% (17/30, P<0.05) in the medication group. The scores of symptoms and physical signs after treatment and in follow-up were all reduced apparently as compared with those before treatment in the patients of the two groups (all P<0.05). The scores of symptoms and physical signs were reduced more apparently in the acupuncture group as compared with those in the medication group in follow-up (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe acupuncture at three nasal points and the acupoints selected by syndrome differentiation achieves the similar short-term efficacy on perennial allergic rhinitis as compared with the oral administration of loratadine. The acupuncture therapy presents the obvious advantages on long-term efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; therapy ; Young Adult

Public Health ; methods ; Systems Analysis