?AlM: To discuss the artificial tears on the tear film of diabetic patients with dry eye preoperatively, and the influence on the tear film’s fuctional after phacoemulsification.
?METHODS: Fifty-four diabetic patients with dry eye (60 eyes) were followed up before phacoemulsification. Preoperatively, group A ( 30 eyes in 28 cases ) was treated with Hydroxyl lndican eye drops and group B (30 eyes in 26 cases) was not treated. Postoperatively, both group A and B were treated with Tobramycin Dexamethasone eye drops, Oprah Winfrey lbuprofen eye drops and Hydroxyl lndican eye drops. Dry eye symptoms, break up time (BUT), SchirmerItest (SIt), fluorescein stain test ( Fl ) were measured at 3d preoperatively, and 1, 7, 30, 90d postoperatively.
? RESULTS: At 3d preoperatively, there was no statistical differences between the two groups for dry eye symptoms, BUT, S I t, Fl ( P>0. 05 ). At 1 and 7d postoperatively, there were significant statistical differents between the two groups for dry eye symptoms (P<0. 05). And dry eye symptoms scores of group A were less than that of group B. At 1, 7, 30d postoperatively, BUT was longer, FL was less, Slt was increased in group A, with significant statistical differences (all P<0. 05). At 90d postoperatively, two groups of dry eye symptoms, BUT, S I t, Fl had no statistical significance (P>0. 05).
? CONCLUSlON: Using artificial tears before phacoemulsification can improve symptoms of the diabetic patients with dry eye and accelerate the recovery of the tear film.

Objective To investigate effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)treatment on pulmonary function, frequency of asthmatic attack, and quality of life in patients of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) accompanying with asthma. Methods Twenty-three patients of OSAS accompanying with mild-to-moderate asthma were studied. They were divided into two groups, gastroesophageal reflux ( GER ) group ( n = 9 ) and non-GER group ( n = 14 ), based GER questionnaire score equal to or greater than 12, or less than 12. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), Epworth sleepy score (ESS), quality of life for obstructive sleep apnea (QOLAp) score, quality of life for asthma (QOLAs) score and polysomnography (PSG) were measured for all the patients before and after four-week CPAP, respectively. Results No significant difference in PFTs was revealed before and after four-week CPAP between the two groups. However, there was significant difference in scores of QOLAp, ESS and QOLAs before and after four-week CPAP treatment, ( 12. 8 ± 2. 8 ) and (4. 6 ± 0. 9), ( 5. 1 ± 0. 7 ) and (6.3 ±0.6), and (4. 1 ±0.5) and (6.3 ±0.5) in GER group, and (13.0 ±2.9) and (4.6 ± 1.1),(4.7±0.5) and (5.6±0.6), and (3.6±0.3) and (5.8 ±0.6) in non-GER group, respectively (P＜0. 01 or 0. 05). Frequencies of asthmatic attack and nocturnal asthmatic attack reduced to ( 1.7 ± 1.1 )episodes per week and (0. 7 ± 0. 3) episodes per week after four-week treatment from (2. 9 ± 2. 0) episodes per week and ( 1.4 ± 0. 8) episodes per week before treatment ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) in GER group, but no significant difference was found before and after treatment in non-GER group. Scores of QOLAs increased more significantly in GER group than that in non-GER group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion CPAP treatment can significantly improve quality of life, rather than pulmonary function, in patients of OSAS accompanying with asthma, especially in those with GER symptoms.

The fast transmission and large range of emergence of infectious diseases jeopardize human health, social and economic development, which is a great threat to global public health. World Health Organization for the new features of infectious diseases on theInternational Health Regulations was revised to help member countries improve the ability to respond to public emergencies. Our government promptly revised theCommunicable Disease Prevention Act, enacted a series of laws and strategies to promote the establishment of infectious disease surveillance and response systems. Chinese medicine was included in the country infectious disease prevention and control system. After nearly 10 years of development, the prevention and treatment of Chinese medicine on emergence of infectious diseases, the clinical medicine and research capacity of respond infectious diseases has been significantly improved, and become an important part of our system of infectious disease prevention and control.

Objective:To observe the effect of Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsule on myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) mRNA level in hippocampus of old dementia rats induced by ?-amyloid(1-40). Methods: Animals were divided randomly into young group, old group, sham operation group, model group, western medicine group and Chinese medicine group. Model, western and Chinese medicine groups received ?-amyloid (1-40) intracerebroventrical injection to build dementia animal model, and then Chinese and westein medicine groups received Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsule and donepezil for 14 days, respectively. To observe changes of behavior and MARCKS mRNA under the effect of Chinese and western medicine by Morris test and RT-PCR test. Results: Learning and memory function of Chinese and western medicine groups were better than that of model group. MARCKS mRNA of model group was increased significantly, that of Chinese medicine group was decreased compared with model group. Conclusion: Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsule can reduce the level of MARCKS mRNA in hippocampus of old dementia rats caused by ?-amyloid(1-40), through which it can improve the learning and memory function of the dementia old rats.

Doctors of past dynasties already understood deficiency of kidney essence,phlegm and blood stasis were important for dementia.As the increasing recognition about Alzheimer disease and the offer of 'toxin damaging brain vessel' hypothesis,we thought ?-Amyloid,the pathology of Alzheimer disease,had the character of damaging brain and marrow,so it belonged to internal toxin,internal toxin damaging brain and marrow was also the pathology of the disease.Deficiency of kidney essence was the precondition,insufficient brain and marrow and internal toxin damaging brain and marrow were the two causes of brain and marrow consumption and spirit dysfunction,which were the pathology of Alzheimer disease in Chinese medicine.

Objective To discuss the pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhage in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods From Jan.2002 to Dec.2004all the 261 hemodialysis patients in changai Hospital were divided into two groups on the basis of with or without cerebral hemorrhage :(1)the control group,(2)the group of cerebral hemorrhage.Clinical data of 261 hemodialysis patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results In the group of cerebral hemorrhage,the incidence of high blood pressure was 81.1%:the blood pressure after medical therapy not up to standard was 83.8%;the usage of ordinary heparin was 78.4%;the average RRF was(3.8?1.9)and those of the control group were 62.5%,52.7%,52.7% and(7.1?3.3).There were significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion The maintenance hemodialysis patients with cerebral hemorrhage result from multiple factors.Positive control of the blood pressure,selection of appropriate anticoagulant and protection of RRF have important clinical significance.

Accidents, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Hand Injuries ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective To establish a method of cultivation of dendritic cells (DC) from mouse bone marrow in vitro and identify their phenotype and function. Methods Under aseptic condition, bone marrow cells were extracted from the tibia and femur bones of BALB/c mice. Bone marrow cells were cultured with recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rmGM-CSF) in vitro. The expansion and morphological changes of DC were observed with light inverted microscope. Phenotype was identified with flow cytometry and biological function was studied with antigen phagocytosis test. Results A large number of immature and mature DC with typical dendritic morphological characteristics could be generated from murine bone marrow. Immature DC, which had high expression in CD11c and low expression in CD40, MHC-II and CD86, could phagocytize antigen. Mature DC, which could be induced from immature DC by lipopolysaccharides, had high expression in CD11c, CD40, CD86 and MHC-II molecules. Conclusion Immature and mature DC can be generated from mouse bone marrow cells through cytokine induction in vitro and be used for further study associated with DC.

Department of rheumatology and immunology is a compulsory training department for the standardization training of the residents. However, it has been noted that the residents often ignore the importance of rheumatology. They are usually short of communication skill with the patients and theoretical knowledge. They often have high error rate in the clinical work and training their clini-cal skills and thinking ability is very difficult in the actual work. All of these problems may decrease the training quality and make the training a mere formality. Therefore, in order to carefully implement resident standardization training, a set of specific training programs has been developed, involving in theory of knowledge, practice standardization and comprehensive quality training. With these training programs, the quality and efficiency of the residents' training has greatly improved.

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of plasma (1, 3)-β-D-glucan test (G test) in diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI) and the influence of albumin on G test.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted. 267 patients admitted to medical intensive care unit (MICU) of Dalian Municipal Central Hospital from January 21st, 2012 to October 31st, 2014 were enrolled. According to IFI guideline, the patients were divided into without IFI group (n= 35), possible IFI group (n = 70), hypotheticle IFI group (n = 145) and proven IFI group (n = 17). G test was examined routinely using microbiology kinetic rapid reader MB-80.The different threshold values were calculated on G test. The difference among G tests, fungal culture and clinical diagnosis were compared. The results of G test ahead of and post albumin administration in each group were compared, and the value of G test for diagnosis of IFI during albumin infusion was evaluated.Results When the cut-off value was 20 ng/L for IFI diagnosis, higher sensitivity (79.8%), specificity (87.9%), and Youden index (67.7%) were found. The positive rates of G test, fungal culture and clinical diagnosis of IFI were 57.7% (154/267), 60.7% (162/267) and 54.3%(145/267) respectively, without showing significant differences (allP> 0.05). The result of G test (ng/L) was not obviously changed after albumin administration compared with that before in without IFI, possible IFI, hypotheticle IFI, and proven IFI groups (without IFI group: 11.25±2.33 vs. 10.99±1.07,t= -1.723,P= 0.085; possible IFI group: 53.14±5.53 vs. 49.22±8.11,t= -0.395,P= 0.693; hypotheticle IFI group: 90.30±9.38 vs. 85.41±10.11, t= 710.500,P= 0.860; proven IFI group: 100.98±19.24 vs. 103.21±17.66,t= 653.000,P= 0.449). Prior to the administration of albumin, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and Youden index were 79.8%, 87.9%, 45.6%, 96.7%, 67.7%, respectively. However, after the administration of albumin, they were 81.5%, 85.7%, 44.8%, 96.5%, and 67.2%, respectively, without significant difference.Conclusions G test is method for early diagnosis of IFI. The sensitivity and specificity are higher with 20 ng/L as the critical value. The result of G test is not interfered by albumin administration.