Calmodulin,as an important signaling regulatory protein,widely exists in eukaryotic cells and participates in a variety of physiological activities.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical neurodegenerative diseasemostly affecting the old people.Senile plaques (SP) caused by amyloid protein deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NTF) caused by over-phosphorylation of Tau protein in the brain are the two major neuropathological hallmarks of AD.Neuronal apoptosis induced by dysregulation of calcium homeostasis also plays a significant role during this pathological process.Recent studies have found that calcium and its downstream receptor,calmodulin,are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progress of Alzheimer's disease.This article reviews the current development and the latest research progress on the effects of calmodulin on β-amyloid protein generation and deposition,neurofibrillary tangle formation,synaptic plasticity in AD around the world,comprehensively discusses the role of calmodulin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Random clustering was conducted among a total of 1068 residents aged 18 years or older at a certain Shanghai community.And they completed a questionnaire survey.Logistic data processing and model building were performed.The respondents were willing to go to a community health center for the following reasons:close proximity (88.4％),excellent service attitudes (40.4％) and low drug prices (37.8％).No statistically significant differences existed in terms of first choices of community health service,occupation,monthly income and-walking distance (P ＞ 0.05).However,statistically significant differences existed in education level,age and chronic diseases (P ＜ 0.05).

Animals ; Calpain ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; Organophosphate Poisoning

Objective To study the demographics and background of attempted suicide individuals,such as age,gender,mode of suicide,seasonality,etc.so as to improve prevention strategy.Methods By sequential sampling analysis,there were data of 895 survivors from committed suicide taken from 907 attempted suicide individuals recorded in an emergency room of a local hospital between 2002 and 2008 for retrospectively study.Results The sample was composed of 191 males and 704 females with a male to female ratio of 1∶3.69.The adolescents and young adults aged 15-34 years accounted for the vast majority of attempted suicide individuals with the peak at the age of 24 years.The number of committed suicide remarkably reduced after the age of 47 years.The major mode of committed suicide was ingestion of poisons.The incidence of committed suicide declined significantly from 2002 to 2005,and then increased between 2005 and 2008.It was more often occurred in the seasons of Spring and Summer. Conclusions Age,gender,and seasonality are associated with attempted suicide in china,and these risk faetors should be the focuses of suicide prevention in China.Additionally,control of pesticides and psychological intervention should be the parts of the work to prevent suicide in the this cohort of special individuals with propensity of committed suicide.

BACKGROUND: Akt gene plays an important role in cell survival, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Although mechanism of Akt gene still remains unclear, it, a major element of survival signal, has aroused much attention in the domain of molecular biological research. OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression vector pDC316-Akt1 for Aktl gene and to observe the expression in 293 cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational study was performed at Molecular Biological Laboratory of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA between September and December 2006. MATERIALS: pCD316 plasmid was provided by Benyuan Zhengyang Company; DH5α and 293 cells were reserved in our laboratory. METHODS: Aktl DNA segment was cloned from total RNA of hepatic tissue using RT-PCR and inserted into eukaryotic expressing vector pDC316 between EcoRI and Hind Ⅲ sites after sequencing. And then, 293 cells were transfected with the recombinant by liposome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Aktl gene content in transfected 293 cells using Westem blotting. RESULTS: Sequencing test indicated that Aktl amino acid sequence was in accordance with wild Aktl sequence. Akt-pDC316 was transcripted in 293 cells, and Akt1 protein with relative molecular weight of 55 000 was highly expressed in 293 cells when assayed using Western blotting. CONCLUSION: Eukaryotic expression vector for Aktl gene highly expresses in 293 cells.

Objective To study nuclear factor E-2 related factor 2(NrF-2) and heme oxygenase -1(Ho-1) expression and to explore its clinical significance.Methods From February 2016 to June 2016, 176 cases human gastric tissue paraffin blocks selected in department of pathology in Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, including 78 cases of gastric cancer, 78 cases of normal tissue were analyzed.And the expressions of NrF-2 and Ho-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in two groups of human gastric tissue.Results The levels of NrF-2 and Ho-1 in gastric cancer group were(0.752 ± 0.098),(0.862 ±0.081) were significantly higher than those in normal group(0.381 ±0.068),(0.412 ±0.083);NrF-2, the positive expression rate of Ho-1 in gastric wall invasion degree of T3 +T4 with lymph node metastasis, NTM stage III and IV gastric cancer tissues were significantly increased.The differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion NrF-2 and Ho-1 play the important role in the development of gastric cancer and NrF-2, the positive expression rate of Ho-1 in the gastric carcinoma and gastric wall invasion, lymph node metastasis and NTM staging are closely related.The clinical diagnosis if the combined detection of NrF-2 and Ho-1, is conducive to the early diagnosis of gastric cancer and the prognosis of the disease.

Objective To study the expression and significance of fatty acid synthase ligand ( sFas ) and soluble fatty acid synthase receptor (sFasL) on the neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer.Methods 84 cases of patients with breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded from January 2015 to January 2016 in our hospital as breast cancer group,another 84 cases of healthy subjects as control group,the two groups were measured sFas,the positive rate of sFasL.At the same time,respectively before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, detection of patients serum sFas, sFasL levels and breast cancer.According to the clinical curative effect were divided into effective group and ineffective group , compared two groups of serum sFas, sFasL levels.Results Breast cancer group called sFas and sFasL positive rate was 58.33% (49/84) and 100.00%(84/84),were significantly higher than that of control group 38.10%(32/84) and 0.00% (0/84);The level of sFas in patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly lower than that of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the level of sFas in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was significantly higher than that in ineffective group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion In the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer,the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be effectively detected by detecting the level of serum sFas in patients with breast cancer , while sFasL has no significant change in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the status of internet addiction among adolescent students of Tianjin and analyze its related factors.Methods Stratification cluster random sampling method was used in this questionnaire survey among nine schools of Tianjin.The data was analyzed by logistic regression with SPSS11.5.Results The results showed that the Family harmony(OR=0.433),good personal education achievement(0.645),and sports participation(0.705) were the protective factors,while the Family member accident(OR=1.735) was the risk factor for IAD in adolescent students.Good Family economic conditions(OR=0.793),Family harmony(0.778),good personal education achievement(0.787),and sports participation(0.750) were the protective factors,while subsidization(OR=1.404) and family member accident(1.244) were the risk factors for IAT in adolescent students.Conclusion Family has close relationship with the formation of adolescents' IAD.Besides,personal education achievement and sports participation also have good influence on the formation of IAD.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between Internet addiction disorder(IAD),Internet addiction tendency(IAT) and behavior type A of young students aged ≥16 years in urban districts,Tianjin.Based on the result,the intervention resolution suggestion was put forward.Methods 4 484students(male2 331,female2 153) anonymously completed the Questionnaire on Situation of Internet Using of Students compiled for this study and the Questionnaire on types of Northern Chinese adult's Behavior.All data was recorded with the evaluating system for adolescent Internet addiction.Result There are 306(6.82%) cases of IAD and 600(13.83%) of IAT among the students.The screened positive rate in boys was 9.87% for IAD and 15.66% for IAT,which significantly higher than those in girls(3.53%,10.92%).The rates in students with behavior type A and type M were the same but significantly higher than that in students with behavior type B.After weighing cases by power on learning stage and sex,the results showed the prevalent rates of IAD and IAT in students with behavior type A and type sub-A were significantly higher than those in students with behavior type M,type sub-B and type B.After weighing cases by power only on learning stage,the positive rates of IAD were higher in students with behavior type A(8.87% in high school students,11.11% in college students) than those in students with type M(7.77%,7.81%) and type B(4.35%,4.44%).Conclusions The results show a significant relationship between IA and behavior type A in students.It should be strengthened to take psychological intervention for young students,especially for students with high risk of IA and IAT in senior high schools.

Objective To know the prevalence and distribution of Internet Addiction Disorder(IAD) among the adolescent students in urban districts in Tianjin.Methods This survey was carried out during November,2006 to April,2007 with Stratified cluster random sampling method.8225 questionnaires were valid among 8694 participants.Xing Yi's IAD diagnosis standard was used on the survey.Internet Addiction Tendency(IAT)by our definition was those students who had 3 or 4 of 10 indicators.The national standard population proportion of school students from junior high school to college in 2000 were used in weighing cases by power.Results 1.The detection rates of IAD between students online 2,3 or 4 hours per day were significantly different of the check out rate of IAD from the students on-line 2,3,or 4 hours per day,except time factor in the indicators;2.The detection rates of IAD between students with different learning stage or education system were also significantly different;the highest rate was among the students at special technical secondary school(11.69%),then followed by technical college and college students(6.74% and 6.73%),and junior high school and senior high school students(5.98% and 5.95%).The detection rates of IAT were increased by learning stage;the lowest rate was 8.65% in junior high school students,followed by 12.11% in high school students,13.96% in technical secondary school students,15.58% in technical college students and 16.73% in college students;3.After weighing case by power on learning stage or education system,the total IAD prevalence was 6.90%,9.50% for boys and 4.17% for girls.Total IAT prevalence was 11.78%,14.43% for boys and 8.96% for girls;4.For students in area with higher economic level,the rates of IAD and IAT were 4.16% and 8.27%,respectively,lower than those in other economic levels;5.Both IAD and IAT prevalent rates were no significant difference between the key high schools and common high schools.Conclusion The students of special technical secondary schools are high risk population for IAD and IAT.Students in area with higher level of economic have lower rates of IAD and IAT.It is suggested that it is needed to carry out health education on Internet using among the adolescent students together with family,school and social good environment.