Hearing loss caused by cochlear damage is the main symptom of sudden deafness (SD). Some patients also suffer from vestibular symptoms. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the vestibular dysfunction in patients with SD. The lesions could involve the whole inner ear in SD patients with and without vertigo. Comprehensive evaluation of vestibular function may help us understand the extent of lesions in sudden deafness and analyze the pathogenesis of disease. A less involvement of inner ear lesion may indicate a better hearing recovery.
Cochlea ; injuries ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Vertigo ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiopathology

Objective To study the effect of specific hammerhead ribozyme (Rz) to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in vitro. Methods Rz 1 Rz 2 were designed to cleavage at 5′-NCR nucleotide positions under 136～160 and 313～337, Rz 3 was designed to cleavage at C region nucleotide position under 373～388. As a control, cleavage deficient Rzm that have A→G point mutations in the catalytic loop of the hammerhead domain. 32P-labeled transcript of target HCV RNA was incubated with gel-purified Rz ( Rz 1, Rz 2, Rz 3 and Rzm ) respectively at different concentration based on specified condition and autoradiographed after denaturing gel-electrophoresis. Results Except Rzm, Rz 1 Rz 2 Rz 3 were active at 37 ℃ and more so at higher concentration, and more so with cleavage site nearly to the HCV initial code. Conclusions The HCV specific hammerhead ribozyme can be designed in vitro, further study about cleavage in vitro and in vivo will continue.

Objective To evaluate the effect of maternal separation stress on the behavior of neonatal rd mice.Methods Neonatal rd mice were divided into maternal separation (MS) group (n=9) and control group (n=9).MS-stress was induced in the MS group by 4-hour-separation per day for 28 days.Open field test,elevated plus maze test,forced swim test and tail suspension test were used to evaluate the anxiety-like and depression-like behavior of the neonatal rd mice.Results The stay time and distance travelled of MS group in the central zone were 0.88％ and 28.17±5.65 cm,respectively,significantly shorter than that of the control group (2.61％,109.9±9.79 cm.P =0.04,P =0.001).Compared with the control group,the stay time in open arms of the MS group was significantly decreased (P<0.01),while the immobility time in forced swim test and tail suspension test of the MS group were 126.5±10.22 s and 21.56±6.83 s,significantly longer than that of the control group (77.75±16.83 s,P =0.02,7.37±3.22 s,P =0.03).Conclutions The 28-day maternal separation stress can significantly increase the anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in neonatal rd mice.

A medical information service platform for international peacekeeping was designed according to the in-formation needs of medical team, laws, publications and websites in relation with international peacekeeping, which can meet the information needs of peacekeeping officers and soldiers. Literature and information resources will be richened and perfected on the platform in the coming days in order to meet the different and personal infor-mation needs of peacekeeping officers and soldiers.

Objective To study the influence of systematic respiratory training of patients with chronic ob- structive pulmonary disease(COPD)on their off-respirator pulmonary function and emotional depression.Methods Sixty COPD patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group.The patients in both groups were given routine treatment,while those in the treatment group were also given respiratory training in addition for 9-12 months after ceasing the mechanical ventilation.The index of pulmonary function such as FEV1 and depression(SDS score) were evaluated before and after the respiratory training.All data was analyzed by using SPSS 10.0.Results The FEVI of all patients was improved after 9-12 months of respiratory training(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of individualized and quantified rehabilitation exercise after te-nosuture of the digital flexor tendon. Methods One hundred and eighty cases of digital flexor tendon tenosuture were randomly divided into a quantification group and a control group. For the quantification group, the maximal ten-sile strength against rupture (Fmax) was measured during the operation. After splinting, the length of an elastic bandwas measured when there was a 2 mm clearance between the 2 ends of the sutured tendon, and the protective device was then fixed with all its parameters unchanged in the whole study. For the control group, Fmax was not measured and there was no protective device during training. Both groups were subdivided into subgroups A and B according to the daily training frequency. Training frequencies of 3 or 6 times per day were applied to the two subgroups. Results After 3 months of rehabilitation treatment, there was no re-rupture in the quantification group, but 6 cases of re-rup-ture occurred in the control group. 91% of the eases in the quantification group were evaluated as excellent or good, while in the control group 80% of the cases were evaluated as excellent or good. Clinical efficacy was significantly better in the quantification subgroup receiving 6 treatments per day than in any other subgroup. Conclusions Indi-vidualized and quantified rehabilitation exercise can prevent tendon re-rupture after tenosuture. 6 sessions of training per day may be better than 3 sessions per day.

Objective To obtain the change of bcl-2/bax/fas/fasL in splenic lymphoctyes with different lasting time of hypoxicischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods The newborn rat were divided into 6 groups by the time of being HIBD model randomly, includes 1/6/12/24/48/72 hour(s) (8 for every group),and control groups were established at the same time point. The following four apoptosis related genes bcl-2/bax/fas/fasL were tested by real time PCR. Results ( 1 ) bcl-2: the mRNA expressions of HIBD groups were lower than control groups at the same time ( P<0.01 ). Eliminated the control effects, the mRNA expressions of HIBD groups were differernt by the modeling time(P ＜0.01 ). (2)bax: the mRNA expressions of HIBD groups were higher than control groups at the same time( P ＜0.01 ), and in control group the expression of 6 h was much higher than any other groups (P<0.01 ). Eliminated the control effects, the mRNA expressions of H IBD groups were different by the modeling time( P<0.01 ). (3)bcl-2/bax: the ratios of HIBD groups were lower than control groups at the same time( P ＜0.05 ), the ratios in control groups were higher than 1 ( except for 1 h); while in HIBI) groups the ratios were lower than 1; Eliminated the control effects, the ratios were different in all the groups. (4)fas: the mRNA expressions of HIBD groups were higher than control groups at the same time ( P ＜0.01 ), and both were maximum at 6 h. (5)fasL: the mRNA expressions of HIBD groups were higher than control groups in 1 h and 6 h ( P<0.01 ), while lower than control group at other time points( P<0.01 ),the expression of 24 h was the maximum of control groups and 12 h was the maximum of HIBD groups. (6)fas/fasL: the ratios of HIBD groups were higher than control groups( P ＜0.01 ) (except for 6 h), and the ratios in control groups were lower than 1 ( P<0.01 ) ( except for 6 h), and not concentrated, while in HIBD groups were higher than 1 ( except for 24 h), between 0.69 to 5.65. Conclusion Pro-apoptosis genes ( include bax/fas/fasL) were promoted by HIBD, while anti-apoptosis gene(bcl-2) was inhibited. The maximum of pro-apoptosis genes became early in HIBD. Both the pro- and anti-apoptosis genes got their maximum at 6 h and 12 h of HIBD. The apoptosis suppression was the main effects in control groups from the ratio of bcl-2/bax, which was lower than 1. The apoptosis promotion was the main effects in HIBD groups from the ratio of bcl-2/bax, which was higher than 1, especially at 12 h. Thefas/fasL effect which is the major way of lymphocytes apoptosis was strengthened in HIBD.

Objective To study the genetic variation of two mitochondrial DNA molecules (CO1 and Cytb gene) of Oncomelania hupensis isolated from different areas. Methods Snails were collected from Jingxi of Guangxi,Yueyang of Hunan and Eryuan of Yunnan. Genomic DNA was extracted from the snails,Co1 and Cytb gene fragments were amplified by PCR,then purified and sequenced. Sequences of each isolates were edited by using Clustal W(1.82) software,and the nucleotide composition,transition and transversion were accounted by using MEGA(3.1) software. The genetic distances were computed with Kimura method and phylogenetic trees were constructed with UPGMA and MP method respectively. Results CO1 and Cytb gene fragments were about 700 bp and 600 bp(including 2 primers) respectively. A total of 106 mutation spots (15.9%) were tested in CO1 homological nucleotides,and 165 mutation spots (28.5%) were tested in Cytb homological nucleotides. The distance matrix between Guangxi isolate and Hunan isolate was 0.051 and 0.031 for CO1 gene and Cytb gene respectively;while that between Guangxi and Yunnan isolates was 0.158 and 0.405 respectively. Phylogenetic trees constructed by UPGMA and MP took on the similar topo-structure:isolates of Guangxi and Hunan clustered into one group,while the Yunnan isolate exhibited as another group. Conclusion Oncomelania hupensis in Guangxi,Hunan and Yunnan are of relatively rich polymorphism in CO1 and Cytb genes in general.

With this retrospective study, we analyzed the negotiation subject, drug type, drug access mechanism, negotiation link and negotiation result of drug negotiation in typical regions at home and abroad.In foreign countries, drug negotiation mechanism has been implemented for many years, and many countries have established a relatively perfect negotiation system.We selected 8 typical countries and regions for which we statistically analyzed the negotiation subject, drug type, drug access mechanism, negotiation link and negotiation result of drug negotiation and these include the United States, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, South Korea and Taiwan.However, in recent years some Chinese medical insurance department carried out pilot works on drug negotiations, and they got some successful results of the implementation of practical experience.Eight typical Chinese regions were also selected for statistical analysis, and these include Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Chengdu and Qingdao.From the analysis of the comparison of drug negotiation mechanism in domestic and foreign typical regional, we found that foreign regional drug negotiation mechanism is more mature and perfect, while in the domestic areas the mechanism is still poor at a certain extent as compared to foreign countries.We should learn from the successful experience of foreign countries and also establish and improve the negotiation mechanism that is suitable for China''s national conditions.

Objective To compare the effects of different methods of honey sunburn on the contents of calycosin and formononetin in Hedysari Radix; To provide the basis for the establishment of the optimum processing technology. Methods By frying (traditional method), baking, and microwave methods put Hedysari Radix under honey sunburn. Agilent HC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used; the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.01% phosphoric acid solution, gradient elution (0–12 min, 30%–33% acetonitrile; 12–13 min, 31%–40% acetonitrile; 13–25 min, 40% acetonitrile) with velocity of 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength was 248 nm;the column temperature was 30 ℃; sample volume was 10 μL. Results There was statistical significance in the contents of calycosin and formononetin of different methods of honey sunburn for Hedysari Radix. Among them, the contents of calycosin and formononetin in Hedysari Radix processed by honey roast were the highest, 7.9116 and 49.6996 μg/g, respectively; the contents of calycosin and formononetin in Hedysari Radix processed by traditional method were the lowest, 4.7767 and 37.2910 μg/g, respectively; the contents of calycosin and formononetin in raw Hedysari Radix and Hedysari Radix by honey microwave method were the same, 5.0802, 42.7989 μg/g, and 3.9839, 42.3145 μg/g, respectively. Conclusion Different honey sunburn methods for the contents of calycosin and formononetin in Hedysari Radix have certain effects, and honey roast method is the optimum method.