The function of cellular membrane receptor has been paid more attention in many dieases.Integrin is one of them.The major function of integrin is maintaining the proper structure of tissues by organization of cell-cell and cell-extracelluar matrix tethering.The initiation and prolongation of many diseases are promoted by these receptors.Disintegrin is one important component of the snake venom.It inhibit the adhesive attraction of integrin particularly.This review summarizes the types and the biological activities of snake venom disintegrins,as well as discusses there potential clinical application of the study,such as anti-tumor,anticoagulation,and various human diseases.

The syndrome of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM)includes not only abnor-mal glucose metabolism but also specific microvascular complications that include nephropathy,retinopathy and neuropathy.In the short term,improvement in the quality of life and possible prevention of further morbidity associated with diabetes makes pancreas trans-plantation an important therapeutic option,particularly when combined with a kidney trans-plant,in appropriately selected diabetic patients.The focus of the early management of the pancreas transplant recipient is the prevention of acute rejection.In this article we review the methods for clinical diagnosis of the early acute rejection due to pancreas transplanta-tion.

Objective To investigate the impact of psoriacis on quality of life in patients with psoriasis. Methods A questionnaire interview included daily life and activities social activities and psychologic status were conducted of. Results 48 patients, 14 patients(29%) were impacted on quatity of life in heavy, 23 patiemts(48%) in middle, 11 patients(23%) in mildly no impact in zero. Conclusion The psoriasis valgaris influenced the Quality of life.

Objective To explore the influence of ROI size on the diagnostic performance of shear wave elstography (SWE) of breast masses.Methods A total of 225 consecutive patients with 239 solid breast masses underwent SWE before surgery,and then quantitative SWE parameters,including the maximum stiffness (Emax),mean stiffness (Emean),ratio of stiffness of the mass to stiffness of surrounding fat (Eratio) and standard deviation (SD),were measured by two methods,one method was using larger ROI to include the largest part of a mass,and the other was placing fixed ROI=2 mm over the stiffest part of the lesion to measure.The diagnostic performance of the two methods were evaluated by ROC curve,and the cut-off value,sensitivity and specificity of each SWE parameter were obtained.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the performance of Emax,Emean and SD from the two different methods (all P＞ 0.05),the performance of Eratio of the two methods showed significant difference (P=0.046).The significantly higher specificity of Emax and Emean in the larger ROI were found,and the significantly higher sensitivity of SD and Eratio in the ROI=2 mm was found.Furthermore,the diagnostic performance of combination of SWE and BI-RADS were not greatly affected by the ROI size,the difference had no statistical significance (all P＞0.05).Conclusion The ROI size only affects the diagnostic performance of Eratio,and donot affect the diagnostic performance of the quantitative SWE parameters (Emax,Emean,SD) and combination of SWE and BI-RADS.

AIM:To separate and purify a new anti-clotting protein component(ACPF-7221)from the venom of Agkistrodon. The acute toxicity experiment of ACPF-7221 and the death rate were studied and the LD50 and 95% confidence interval were determined in mice. METHODS: The venom of Agkistrodon was separated and purified using ion-exchange chromatography of DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow, molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G75, SP-Sepharose Fast Flow and molecular sieve filtration through Sephadex G50, the anticoagulation components were recalled using activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) activity assay. ACPF-7221 was given to mice by intravenous injection,and the dosage was determined according to the body weight of mice. The LD50 and 95% confidence were calculated by the death outcome. RESULTS: ACPF-7221 was separated and purified,which was a trimer consisted of three kinds of protein and their relative molecular mass were 25000, 30000 and 50000,and the protein level was 65%. The LD50 of ACPF-7221 was 7.848 mg/kg, and its 95% confident interval was 7.353-8.375 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: A new anti-clotting protein component ACPF-7221 was extracted from the venom of Agkistrodon by ion-exchange chromatography,which is a trimer consisted of three kinds of protein. The critical orga of acute toxicity is lung, empsyxis asphyxia deduces death.

Snake venoms are complex mixtures containing many different biologically active applications in the field of cancer research. In this paper, not only unpurified fraction, but also highly purified snake venoms are discussed,such as rhodostomin, acutobin, agkistrodon halys antithrombotic enzyme, batroxobin. The review mainly introduced the inhibitory effects of snake venoms on tumer metastasis.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is one of the common means in multidisciplinary treatment of locally advanced breast cancer,with anthracyclines and taxanes as main chemotherapeutic drugs.In recent years,molecular target agents have significantly improved the efficacy of chemotherapy,as well as have provided more choices and ideas for clinical treatment.Currently,the widely studied molecular targeted drugs include trastuzumab,lapatinib,pertuzumab,T-DM1 and bevacizumab.

Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Research

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,pathological grades,treatment and prognosis in bladder cancer patients under 40 years.Methods A retrospective review of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients under 40 years who had been treated from January 1994 to April 2005 were conduc- ted.The patients were divided into 2 groups(group A,20-30 years;group B,31-40 years)based on their age.The differences in pathologic grading,recurrence rate and positive rate of urine cytology were compared between the 2 groups.The statistical analyses were performed using x~2 test.Results The incidence of bladder cancer in patients under 40 years was 4.2%(92/2200).The male/female ratio was 2.7:1.0.At initial visit,86%(68.7% in group A and 91.1% in group B)of the patients presented with gross hematuri- a;and 25.0% in group A and 33.9% in group B concomitantly had frequency and dysuria.The mean disease course in the 2 groups was 3.8 months for male and 6.9 months for female.Solitary tumor occurred in 19 ca- ses(100.0%)in group A and 63(86.3%)in group B;and multiple carcinomas,in 10 cases(13.7%)in group B.All were superficial bladder cancers in group A,while 6(8.2%)were invasive carcinomas in group B.According to WHO pathological grading of bladder cancer,in group A,10 cases(52.6%)had G_1,8 (42.1%)had G_2 and 1(5.3%)had G_3 tumors;in group B,8 cases(11.0%)had G_1,49(67.1%)had G_2 and 16(21.9%)had G_3 tumors(P＜0.01).The positive rate of urine cytology was 53.3% in all 92 ca- ses(25.0% in group A and 60.7% in group B,P＜0.05).The diagnostic rates by B-ultrasound and cysto- scopy were 98.6% and 100.0%,respectively.Of the 92 patients,11(12.0%)were treated by partial cys- tectomy,73(79.3%)by TUR-Bt and 8(8.7%)by cystectomy.The follow-up was 3-115 months(mean, 39 months).The overall recurrence rate was 12.0%,with 5.3%(1/19)in group A and 13.7%(10/73)in group B.Of 10 patients with multiple carcinomas,6(60.0%)developed recurrence;and of 82 with solitary tumors,5(6.1%)developed recurrence,with significant difference between them(P＜0.01).Two of the multiple carcinoma patients developed invasive carcinoma.Conclusions In bladder cancer patients under 40 years,the positive rate of urine cytology,pathological grading and recurrence rate increase with age.Multi- ple tumors,invasive carcinoma and long-term smoking are high risk factors for tumor recurrence.TURBt is the main surgical method for treating bladder cancer patients under 40 years.

FDG-PET has played a significant role in the clinical management of lung cancer since it can efficiently visualize the functional metabolic changes of normal and pathological tissues in human body. It has been used more and more widely in many aspects of lung cancer management including diagnosis, staging, target volume delineation for radiotherapy plan, treatment response inspection, and recurrence detection. However, the false positive led by benign and inflammation somehow decreases its diagnostic specificity of lung cancer. The diagnostic methods for lung cancer consist of visual interpretation and semi-quantitative analysis based on static imaging and quantitative analysis based on dynamic imaging. This article briefly reviews the current trends, challenges and foreground of this imaging modality in the field of clinical management of lung cancer.