OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the establishment of coordinative mechanism among different interest groups during the implementation of essential drug system. METHODS:Based on game theory,game behaviors of various interest groups were studied with public medical institution as study core. Behavior relationships among various interest groups were ensured to find out equilibrium point of interests. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In the implementation process of National Essential Drug System,great importance should be attached to the study on game phenomena and behavior among various interest groups to make sure implementation of National Essential Drug System.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of electromygraphic biofeedback on upper extremity function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke.Methods79 patients were randomly divided into experimental group(40 cases) and control group(39 cases).Patients in each group were given clinical treatment and regularly physical therapy, while those in experimental group were given electromygraphic biofeedback training. All patients were evaluated with electromyography amplitude and active range of motion(AROM) of wrist dorsiflexion and upper extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment pre-treatment and 3 months after stroke.ResultsAll the patients gained improvement after treating(P<0.05).Compared with the controls, patients in experimental group significantly improved their function in all measured item(P<0.01).ConclusionThe electromygraphic biofeedback can improve the arm function of hemiplegic patients.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of ginkgolide B (BN52021) o n the histopathology of brain tissue after traumatic brain injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy SD rats, weighing 250 g, were evenly randomized into 4 groups: sham control group, model group, low dose BN52021 group and high dose BN52021 group. Rats in the latter 3 groups were made into fluid percussion brain injury models. After operation, the rats in the low and high dose BN52021 groups were treated with BN52021 (low dose: 1 mg/kg, ip, high dose: 5 mg/kg, ip, once daily for 7 days). On the 7th day after treatment, cerebral tissues were harvested from each group, and the histopathological changes of brain tissue were observed by Fast blue, electron microscope and immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with sham control group, model group had significantly decreased neurons (P<0. 05), increased OX-42 immunoreactive microglial cells and astrocytes (P<0. 05), and cells positive for caspase-3 (P<0. 05). Electron microscope found chromatin aggregation, nuclear fragmentation, rounder and larger mitochondria, void formation and disappeared cristae of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum hypertelorism, increased lysosomes, and nuclear membrane folding. Compared with model group, the low and high dose BN52021 groups had significantly decreased proportions of microglial cells and astrocytes (P<0. 05), significantly decreased caspase-3 positive cells (P<0. 05), and improved ultrastructure, with the improvement in the high dose group being more notable than that in the low dose group. Conclusion BN52021 has protective effect on the morphology of brain tissue in rats with traumatic brain injury.

China ; Health Status ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Shoes

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that can infect skin and mucosal epithelial cells. It can establish latency in sensory neurons and sporadically reactivate from these cells. In order to reply to attacks of the host and evade the immunity surveillance during infection and reactivation, HSV has developed a multitude of clever strategies. Dendritic cells (DCs), one of the most important antigen-presenting cells (APC), can recognize pathogens at the infection sites and activate specific T cells, thus playing a crucial role in the host immunity against virus infection. This paper reviewed the mechanism of the host immunity against HSV, especially the role of DCs in HSV-induced immune responses and the future research perspective.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has shown great potential in targeted therapy efficacy prediction, monitoring, high-risk population screening, differential diagnosis, minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring, and prognosis prediction. The detection of specific gene mutations in ctDNA had been included in clinical practice guidelines for certain tumors to predict the drug efficacy and monitor resistance. A small number of approved companion diagnostic reagents have been used in clinical setting. However, the clinical validity of most ctDNA-related biomarkers it still in the research stage. Besides, the establishment and validation of laboratory-developed tests (LDT) are also problems that need to be solved urgently. Therefore, for the moment, the clinical application of ctDNA analysis is like two sides of a coin, with both opportunities and challenges.

180 U/L.CK-MB raised in only 5 cases(15.6%),and the highest was 28 U/L.Of the 218 MPP patients,only the 5 patients(2.3%) with raised CK-MB levels could be diagnosed as myocardial damage complicated with MPP.Conclusions The abnormal ECG is more important than myocardial zymogram in the diagnosis of myocardial damage complicated with MPP.Only higher level of certain myocardial zymogram without abnormal ECG can not be diagnosed as myocardial damage if lack of clinic and other objective evidences for myocardial damage.In watching out for myocardial damage,excessive examinations and treatments shall be avoided if possible.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,pathological grades,treatment and prognosis in bladder cancer patients under 40 years.Methods A retrospective review of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients under 40 years who had been treated from January 1994 to April 2005 were conduc- ted.The patients were divided into 2 groups(group A,20-30 years;group B,31-40 years)based on their age.The differences in pathologic grading,recurrence rate and positive rate of urine cytology were compared between the 2 groups.The statistical analyses were performed using x~2 test.Results The incidence of bladder cancer in patients under 40 years was 4.2%(92/2200).The male/female ratio was 2.7:1.0.At initial visit,86%(68.7% in group A and 91.1% in group B)of the patients presented with gross hematuri- a;and 25.0% in group A and 33.9% in group B concomitantly had frequency and dysuria.The mean disease course in the 2 groups was 3.8 months for male and 6.9 months for female.Solitary tumor occurred in 19 ca- ses(100.0%)in group A and 63(86.3%)in group B;and multiple carcinomas,in 10 cases(13.7%)in group B.All were superficial bladder cancers in group A,while 6(8.2%)were invasive carcinomas in group B.According to WHO pathological grading of bladder cancer,in group A,10 cases(52.6%)had G_1,8 (42.1%)had G_2 and 1(5.3%)had G_3 tumors;in group B,8 cases(11.0%)had G_1,49(67.1%)had G_2 and 16(21.9%)had G_3 tumors(P＜0.01).The positive rate of urine cytology was 53.3% in all 92 ca- ses(25.0% in group A and 60.7% in group B,P＜0.05).The diagnostic rates by B-ultrasound and cysto- scopy were 98.6% and 100.0%,respectively.Of the 92 patients,11(12.0%)were treated by partial cys- tectomy,73(79.3%)by TUR-Bt and 8(8.7%)by cystectomy.The follow-up was 3-115 months(mean, 39 months).The overall recurrence rate was 12.0%,with 5.3%(1/19)in group A and 13.7%(10/73)in group B.Of 10 patients with multiple carcinomas,6(60.0%)developed recurrence;and of 82 with solitary tumors,5(6.1%)developed recurrence,with significant difference between them(P＜0.01).Two of the multiple carcinoma patients developed invasive carcinoma.Conclusions In bladder cancer patients under 40 years,the positive rate of urine cytology,pathological grading and recurrence rate increase with age.Multi- ple tumors,invasive carcinoma and long-term smoking are high risk factors for tumor recurrence.TURBt is the main surgical method for treating bladder cancer patients under 40 years.

Phosphorylation of beta-catenin tyrosine residue 654 plays an important role in the epithelial to myofibroblast transition (EMT). Introducing mimic peptide of tyrosine residue 654 domain of beta-catenin into cells may influence phosphorylation of beta-catenin tyrosine residue 654. To deliver this mimic peptide into renal epithelial cells, we used penetratin as a vector, which is a novel cell permeable peptide, to deliver hydrophilic molecules into cells. A tyrosine 654 residue domain mimic peptide of beta-catenin (PM) with fused penetratin was constructed, purified and then detected for the penetration of the mimic peptide into human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). The results showed that purified fusion mimic peptide could efficiently and rapidly translocate into human renal tubular epithelial cells. It is concluded that a cell-permeable peptides mimic of tyrosine residue 654 domain of beta-catenin was successfully obtained, which may provide a useful reagent for interfering the human renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Epithelial Cells/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/*cytology ; Peptides/metabolism ; Permeability ; Phosphorylation ; Tyrosine/*metabolism ; beta Catenin/*metabolism

By means of a comprehensive coverage of the numbers,distribution,makeup and efficiency of health human resources in China,a comparative study was made as to the deployment for the present stage.It reveals the following findings:sufficient human resources in general,with its growth lagging behind economic development; out-of-balance deployment; irrational makeup as shown in the inverse ratio between doctors and nurses; good efficiency of the health professionals.Based on these findings,the researchers put forward the feasible policy suggestions as to optimizing the mechanisms of the introduction,training,evaluation and incentives for these professionals.