OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the establishment of coordinative mechanism among different interest groups during the implementation of essential drug system. METHODS:Based on game theory,game behaviors of various interest groups were studied with public medical institution as study core. Behavior relationships among various interest groups were ensured to find out equilibrium point of interests. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In the implementation process of National Essential Drug System,great importance should be attached to the study on game phenomena and behavior among various interest groups to make sure implementation of National Essential Drug System.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of electromygraphic biofeedback on upper extremity function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke.Methods79 patients were randomly divided into experimental group(40 cases) and control group(39 cases).Patients in each group were given clinical treatment and regularly physical therapy, while those in experimental group were given electromygraphic biofeedback training. All patients were evaluated with electromyography amplitude and active range of motion(AROM) of wrist dorsiflexion and upper extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment pre-treatment and 3 months after stroke.ResultsAll the patients gained improvement after treating(P<0.05).Compared with the controls, patients in experimental group significantly improved their function in all measured item(P<0.01).ConclusionThe electromygraphic biofeedback can improve the arm function of hemiplegic patients.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of ginkgolide B (BN52021) o n the histopathology of brain tissue after traumatic brain injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy SD rats, weighing 250 g, were evenly randomized into 4 groups: sham control group, model group, low dose BN52021 group and high dose BN52021 group. Rats in the latter 3 groups were made into fluid percussion brain injury models. After operation, the rats in the low and high dose BN52021 groups were treated with BN52021 (low dose: 1 mg/kg, ip, high dose: 5 mg/kg, ip, once daily for 7 days). On the 7th day after treatment, cerebral tissues were harvested from each group, and the histopathological changes of brain tissue were observed by Fast blue, electron microscope and immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with sham control group, model group had significantly decreased neurons (P<0. 05), increased OX-42 immunoreactive microglial cells and astrocytes (P<0. 05), and cells positive for caspase-3 (P<0. 05). Electron microscope found chromatin aggregation, nuclear fragmentation, rounder and larger mitochondria, void formation and disappeared cristae of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum hypertelorism, increased lysosomes, and nuclear membrane folding. Compared with model group, the low and high dose BN52021 groups had significantly decreased proportions of microglial cells and astrocytes (P<0. 05), significantly decreased caspase-3 positive cells (P<0. 05), and improved ultrastructure, with the improvement in the high dose group being more notable than that in the low dose group. Conclusion BN52021 has protective effect on the morphology of brain tissue in rats with traumatic brain injury.

China ; Health Status ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Shoes

Objective To investigate the infection of Chlamydia (CT) Untie urea mycoplasma (UU) and person type mycoplasma (MH) in urology outpatients clinic and sexually transmitted diseases clinic and drug resist-ance. Methods A British UNIPATH Clean View Chlamydia rapid immunoassay kits and Tianyang Zhongshan City electronic biosensor Limited production of mycoplasma culture and identification of susceptibility kit were used for the detection of secretion from 3,280 cases of non-gonococcal urethritis (GNU). Results Of 3,280 cases of GNU, only 241 cases were detected with positive CT, accounting for 7.35%, 1163 cases with simply UU positive, ac-counting for 35.46%, only 14 cases with MH positive, accounting for 0.43% ,. Overall detection rate of UU and CT was 42.77% and 11.59% respectively. 122 cases were detected with positive UU + MH, accounting for 3.72%. Female infection rate was higher than that of males (P < 0.01 ) ; UU, MH, MH + UU were more sensitive to azithremycin, Josamycin, doxycycline, roxithromycin, Minocycline. Conclusion The infection rate of urogenital mycoplasma and ehlamydia is higher and drug resistance rate is different. Azithromycin and Josamycin are the best to treat mycoplasma infection, followed by doxycycline, Pyronine Doxycycline, Minocycline.

By means of a comprehensive coverage of the numbers,distribution,makeup and efficiency of health human resources in China,a comparative study was made as to the deployment for the present stage.It reveals the following findings:sufficient human resources in general,with its growth lagging behind economic development; out-of-balance deployment; irrational makeup as shown in the inverse ratio between doctors and nurses; good efficiency of the health professionals.Based on these findings,the researchers put forward the feasible policy suggestions as to optimizing the mechanisms of the introduction,training,evaluation and incentives for these professionals.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,pathological grades,treatment and prognosis in bladder cancer patients under 40 years.Methods A retrospective review of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients under 40 years who had been treated from January 1994 to April 2005 were conduc- ted.The patients were divided into 2 groups(group A,20-30 years;group B,31-40 years)based on their age.The differences in pathologic grading,recurrence rate and positive rate of urine cytology were compared between the 2 groups.The statistical analyses were performed using x~2 test.Results The incidence of bladder cancer in patients under 40 years was 4.2%(92/2200).The male/female ratio was 2.7:1.0.At initial visit,86%(68.7% in group A and 91.1% in group B)of the patients presented with gross hematuri- a;and 25.0% in group A and 33.9% in group B concomitantly had frequency and dysuria.The mean disease course in the 2 groups was 3.8 months for male and 6.9 months for female.Solitary tumor occurred in 19 ca- ses(100.0%)in group A and 63(86.3%)in group B;and multiple carcinomas,in 10 cases(13.7%)in group B.All were superficial bladder cancers in group A,while 6(8.2%)were invasive carcinomas in group B.According to WHO pathological grading of bladder cancer,in group A,10 cases(52.6%)had G_1,8 (42.1%)had G_2 and 1(5.3%)had G_3 tumors;in group B,8 cases(11.0%)had G_1,49(67.1%)had G_2 and 16(21.9%)had G_3 tumors(P＜0.01).The positive rate of urine cytology was 53.3% in all 92 ca- ses(25.0% in group A and 60.7% in group B,P＜0.05).The diagnostic rates by B-ultrasound and cysto- scopy were 98.6% and 100.0%,respectively.Of the 92 patients,11(12.0%)were treated by partial cys- tectomy,73(79.3%)by TUR-Bt and 8(8.7%)by cystectomy.The follow-up was 3-115 months(mean, 39 months).The overall recurrence rate was 12.0%,with 5.3%(1/19)in group A and 13.7%(10/73)in group B.Of 10 patients with multiple carcinomas,6(60.0%)developed recurrence;and of 82 with solitary tumors,5(6.1%)developed recurrence,with significant difference between them(P＜0.01).Two of the multiple carcinoma patients developed invasive carcinoma.Conclusions In bladder cancer patients under 40 years,the positive rate of urine cytology,pathological grading and recurrence rate increase with age.Multi- ple tumors,invasive carcinoma and long-term smoking are high risk factors for tumor recurrence.TURBt is the main surgical method for treating bladder cancer patients under 40 years.

The fast transmission and large range of emergence of infectious diseases jeopardize human health, social and economic development, which is a great threat to global public health. World Health Organization for the new features of infectious diseases on theInternational Health Regulations was revised to help member countries improve the ability to respond to public emergencies. Our government promptly revised theCommunicable Disease Prevention Act, enacted a series of laws and strategies to promote the establishment of infectious disease surveillance and response systems. Chinese medicine was included in the country infectious disease prevention and control system. After nearly 10 years of development, the prevention and treatment of Chinese medicine on emergence of infectious diseases, the clinical medicine and research capacity of respond infectious diseases has been significantly improved, and become an important part of our system of infectious disease prevention and control.

Objective To assess the hearing, language and intelligence in prelingually deafened children with multichannel cochlear implant ,and to analysie the basic pattern of speech recognition and language development.Methods 42 prelingually deafened children with cochlear implant participated in this study. The “Evaluating method on hearing and language rehabilitation in deafened children” was used as test material.Results The average hearing of these deafened children with cochlear implant was 35 dB HL.The correct recognition rate and language ability were escalating with prolonging the implanted time. Subjects showing significant progress half year after operation indicated that the cochlear implant could promote prelingually deafened children to develop their hearing and language level.Conclusion With scientific and systemic rehabilitation training, prelingually deaf children, who have ordinary intelligence,will have significant progress half year after the operation.

Objective To evaluate the performance of KRAS gene mutation detection in 2014 external quality assessment ( EQA ) program and discuss the problems in clinical laboratories .Methods The sample panel of 2014 EQA program contained 5 artificial formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ( FFPE) samples.The participating laboratories were asked to report their results before the deadline .The scores of EQA and the rate of overall coincidence , false positive and false negative were calculated .Results The EQA program for KRAS testing was set twice a year .In 2014, 58 and 57 valid lab results were submitted respectively.About 79.31%(46/58)and 94.73%(54/57) of the laboratories were correct for all samples. The coincidence rate of positive samples were 93.53% ( 217/232 ) and 96.49% ( 165/171 ) . The coincidence rate for negative ones were 100%(58/58) and 98.25% (112/114).The false-negative ratio was 1.29%( 3/232 ) and 0%.The false-positive ratio was 4.14% ( 12/290 ) and 3.15% ( 9/285 ) . Conclusions The results of 2014 EQA for KRAS gene mutation testing suggested that the performance of laboratories had been improved significantly , however , the false-negative and false-positive results had always been the major problems affecting the accuracy of KRAS mutations testing .Laboratories needed to standardize the testing process and manufacturers should optimize the reagents and the way of interpretation , to guarantee the performance of KRAS gene mutation detection .