Objective: To explore the relationship between serum homocysteine (Hcy), interleukin-5 (IL-5), folate and core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders, so as to provide potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and intervention of diseases. Methods: A total of 106 children with autism spectrum disorders and 106 healthy children with matched sex and age in Lu an People s Hospital were enrolled as autism group and healthy group between May 2020 to December 2023. On the day of admission, levels of serum Hcy, IL-5 and folate were detected. The core symptoms in autism group were evaluated by Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-fourth edition(WPPSI-IV), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). The levels of serum Hcy, IL-5 and folate in the two groups were compared by t- test. The relationship between serum Hcy, IL-5, folate and core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders was determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The levels of serum Hcy and IL-5 in autism group were (7.48±0.32) μmol/L and (345.77±32.51) pg/mL, higher than those in healthy group [(6.11±0.54) μmol/L, (274.04±25.17) pg/mL], while folate level was lower than that in healthy group [(15.24±3.47) ng/mL, (22.51±4.69) ng/mL], the differences were statistically significant ( t =22.47, 17.96, 12.83, all P < 0.05 ). In autism group, levels of serum Hcy and IL-5 were positively correlated with scores of ABC, CARS and SRS ( r =0.29, 0.53 , 0.54; 0.45, 0.41, 0.50), while negatively correlated with WPPSI-IV score ( r =-0.28, -0.26)(all P <0.05). The folate level was negatively correlated with scores of ABC, CARS and SRS ( r =-0.55, -0.40, -0.25), while positively correlated with WPPSI-IV score ( r =0.41) (all P <0.05). Conclusion Children with ASD show elevated serum Hcy and IL-5 alongside decreased folate,and three markers correlate with core symptoms and intellectual level.

Objective:To establish a three-dimensional culture and stress-loaded model of human periodontal ligament cells(hP-DLCs)in vitro and to determine the effect of static pressure on autophagy.Methods:Periodontal tissue was scraped from fresh ex-tracted tooth surfaces for culture and hPDLCs were obtained.Type Ⅰ rat tail collagen was extracted to prepare collagen-sodium algi-nate composite hydrogel,in which third-generation hPDLCs were embedded.After 72 h of culture,gene expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3,Atg-5 and Beclin-1 was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and the expression of Atg-5,Beclin-1 and LC3 was detected by Western blotting.Results:Cells grew well in collagen-alginate hydrogels.After 15 min of compressive stress loading,the level of autophagy of hPDLCs increased significantly and then gradually decreased to the baseline level.Conclusion:Collagen-alginate hydrogel has good biocompatibility and safety,and can be used as an excellent scaffold for three-dimensional cell culture in vitro.Static compressive stress can accelevate autophagy,and this acceleration is rapid and short-lived.

Hypoxia inducible factors(HIFs)are core molecules that enable the body to adapt to hypoxia environments.By sensing changes in intracellular oxygen pressure,HIFs regulate gene expression related to hypoxia adaptation,thereby enhancing the body's hypoxia tolerance at cellular,tissue and organ levels.On the other hand,HIFs promote the generation of red blood cells,angiogenesis,and regulate the body's energy metabolism,thereby improving its hypoxia tolerance.The enhancement of hypoxia tolerance is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of hypoxia-related diseases,upgrading of athletes'performance,enhancement of workers'efficiency at high-altitudes,and the improvement of individu-als'quality of life.This article reviews the relationships between HIFs and hypoxia tolerance as well as related mechanisms in order to provide strategies for enhancing hypoxia tolerance in the body.

Endogenous bioactive small molecules are characterized by low molecular weight,high biological activity,low immunogenicity,and rapid synthesis and metabolism,play a pivotal role in maintaining vascular homeostasis.Vascular calcification(VC)is a abnormal deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the vessel wall.Endogenous bioactive small molecules such as cardiovascular bioactive peptides,adipokines and gaseous molecules participate in the process of VC through various mechanisms.This review summarises the advances in relationship between endogenous bioactive small molecules and the occurrence,development,and related mechanisms of VC.

Objective:To compare the mid- to long-term clinical outcomes of arthrolysis versus revision arthroplasty for arthrofibrosis-related stiffness following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 20 patients (26 knees) with post-TKA arthrofibrosis who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2004 and January 2020. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on their treatment: an arthrolysis group of 8 cases (10 knees) [1 male (2 knees)and 7 females (8 knees); median age: 44.0 (21.0, 62.0) years] and a revision arthroplasty group of 13 cases (16 knees) [4 males (6 knees)and 9 females (10 knees); median age: 41.5 (30.0, 56.0) years]. The knee range of motion (ROM) and the American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score as well as their improvements were compared between preoperation and the last follow-up, as well as between the 2 groups; the satisfaction of the patients at the last follow-up was compared between the 2 groups.Results:No significant differences in the baseline characteristics were observed between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). The preoperative knee ROM [55.0° (48.8°, 61.3°)] and HSS knee score [54.0 (47.0, 61.8) points] in the arthrolysis group were significantly higher than those in the revision group [27.5° (6.3°, 50.0°), 33.0 (27.3, 47.8) points] ( P<0.05). In the arthrolysis and revision arthroplasty groups, the knee ROMs [90.0° (65.0°, 100.0°), 90.0° (63.5°, 98.8°)] and HSS knee scores [(69.8±19.9) points, (77.6±11.3) points] at the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). In the revision arthroplasty group, the improvement in knee ROM (48.9°±21.7°) was insignificantly larger than that in the arthrolysis group (34.5°±13.2°) ( P>0.05), but the improvement in HSS knee score [39.5 (25.3, 57.0) points] was significantly larger than that in the arthrolysis group [16.0 (10.5, 25.3) points] ( P<0.05). Respectively, 14 and 3 knees in the revision arthroplasty group and the arthrolysis group resulted in patient satisfaction, showing a significant difference between the 2 groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Both arthrolysis and revision arthroplasty can significantly improve knee ROM and HSS knee score in post-TKA arthrofibrosis. However, since revision arthroplasty demonstrates superior improvements in HSS knee score and patient satisfaction, it is preferable for patients with lower preoperative knee ROM.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in Singapore, with moderate to severe OSA affecting around 30% of residents. These consensus statements aim to provide scientifically grounded recommendations for the management of OSA, standar-dise the management of OSA in Singapore and promote multidisciplinary collaboration. METHOD: An expert panel, which was convened in 2024, identified several areas of OSA management that require guidance. The expert panel reviewed the current literature and developed consensus statements, which were later independently voted on using a 3-point Likert scale (agree, neutral or disagree). Consensus (total ratings of agree and neutral) was set a priori at ≥80% agreement. Any statement not reaching consensus was excluded. RESULTS: The final consensus included 49 statements that provide guidance on the screening, diagnosis and management of adults with OSA. Additionally, 23 statements on the screening, diagnosis and management of paediatric OSA achieved consensus. These 72 consensus statements considered not only the latest clinical evidence but also the benefits and harms, resource implications, feasibility, acceptability and equity impact of the recommendations. CONCLUSION The statements presented in this paper aim to guide clinicians based on the most updated evidence and collective expert opinion from sleep specialists in Singapore. These recommendations should augment clinical judgement rather than replace it. Management decisions should be individualised, taking into account the patient's clinical characteristics, as well as patient and caregiver concerns and preferences.
Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis* ; Singapore ; Consensus ; Adult

[Objective]To investigate the correlation between the severity of chronic idiopathic tinnitus and changes in stool characteristics,and provide valuable epidemiological data for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic idiopathic tinnitus.[Methods]From July 2022 to July 2023,362 patients diagnosed as chronic idiopathic tinnitus were treated in the first Department of Encephalopathy of Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine with tinnitus as the first complaints.All patients were filled in tinnitus handicap inventory(THI)and tinnitus history collection table(gender,age,tinnitus duration,Bristol stool classification).THI severity was grouped as the dependent variable,and the factors above were taken as independent variables.Ordered logistic regression was used for analysis.[Results]The 362 patients with tinnitus included 213(58.84％)having changes in stool properties.Among them,118 cases(32.60％)were of diarrhea,37 cases(10.22％)constipation and 58 cases(16.02％)others.Ordered logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of chronic idiopathic tinnitus was positively correlated with diarrhea[odd ratio(OR)=3.000,P＜0.001]and constipation(OR=2.689,P=0.003),and negatively correlated with the other stool characteristics(OR=0.571,P=0.047).[Conclusion]Diarrhea and constipation may be important factors in exacerbating chronic idiopathic tinnitus and should be emphasized in the clinical management of patients with chronic idiopathic tinnitus.

Objective To explore the long-term efficacy of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation(PPVI)and the durability of the domestic self-expanding Venus P valve.Methods A total of 8 patients with post-surgical right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)dysfunction,who were admitted to hospital from October 2014 to July 2016 and deemed anatomically suitable for PPVI with self-expanding valve,were included prospectively.Clinical,imaging,procedural and follow-up data were analyzed.The survival rates,perioperative and long-term complication rates,long-term efficacy of PPVI,and long-term function of Venus P in 8 patients were evaluated.The immediate procedural results were evaluated by clinical implant success rate,which is defined as successful valve implantation with echocardiography-assessed pulmonary regurgitation＜moderate and peak trans-pulmonary pressure gradient＜40 mmHg.Results A total of 8 patients were included,with 7 females,aged 14 to 36 years.The initial diagnosis included post-surgical Tetralogy of Fallot(5 cases),post-surgical Trilogy of Fallot(1 case),post-surgical Quadricuspid pulmonary valve stenosis(1 case)and post-surgical Double-Outlet Right Ventricle(1 case).The indications of PPVI included RVOT-pulmonary obstruction and regurgitation(1 case)and isolated regurgitation(7 cases).Clinical implant success was achieved in all of the 8 patients with firmly fixed valve,and there were no such complications as valve detachment,displacement or stent fracture.All patients experienced significant symptom relief after the procedure.The right ventricular end-diastolic volume index(RVEDVi)measured by CMR 6 months after PPVI showed a significant decrease compared to preprocedural values[(89.99±13.85)ml/m2 vs.(144.93±11.28)ml/m2,P=0.001].Postoperative pulmonary regurgitation were significantly improved or disappeared in all patients,and there was no statistically significant difference in the average peak pressure gradient measured by echocardiogram between preoperative and the latest follow-up[(23.25±8.39)mmHg vs.(18.75±6.28)mmHg,P=0.210].Over an average follow-up period of(9.25±0.71)years,1 case of infective endocarditis occurred 5 years after PPVI.During the follow-up,no death,deterioration of heart failure,malignant arrhythmia or other serious complications were observed.All patients completed 8-year follow-up,and 3 completed 10-year follow-up.All patients were graded as NYHA functional class one at the latest follow-up.Conclusions PPVI using the domestically produced self-expanding Venus P is safe and feasible for the treatment of patients with post-surgical RVOT dysfunction and suitable anatomy.Our study confirms the long-term efficacy and durability of Venus P from multiple perspectives,and no severe stent fracture occurred without pre-stent implantation in the native RVOT.

Objective:To investigate the effect of nursing measures based on the Rockall scoring system combined with the SBAR communication model in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 140 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2022 to January 2024. The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 70 cases in each. The control group received nursing measures based on the Rockall scoring system, while the observation group received nursing measures based on the Rockall scoring system combined with the SBAR communication model. Treatment compliance, bleeding status, length of hospital stay, psychological state, and self-management behavior scores were compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention, the treatment compliance of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05) . The bleeding cessation time and hospital stay time were shorter in the observation group than in the control group ( P<0.05) . Eight weeks after intervention, the scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05) . Six months after intervention, the scores of all dimensions and the total score of self-management behaviors in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Nursing interventions based on the Rockall scoring system combined with the SBAR communication model can improve treatment compliance, reduce negative emotions, and enhance self-management ability in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

[Objective]To investigate the correlation between the severity of chronic idiopathic tinnitus and changes in stool characteristics,and provide valuable epidemiological data for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic idiopathic tinnitus.[Methods]From July 2022 to July 2023,362 patients diagnosed as chronic idiopathic tinnitus were treated in the first Department of Encephalopathy of Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine with tinnitus as the first complaints.All patients were filled in tinnitus handicap inventory(THI)and tinnitus history collection table(gender,age,tinnitus duration,Bristol stool classification).THI severity was grouped as the dependent variable,and the factors above were taken as independent variables.Ordered logistic regression was used for analysis.[Results]The 362 patients with tinnitus included 213(58.84％)having changes in stool properties.Among them,118 cases(32.60％)were of diarrhea,37 cases(10.22％)constipation and 58 cases(16.02％)others.Ordered logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of chronic idiopathic tinnitus was positively correlated with diarrhea[odd ratio(OR)=3.000,P＜0.001]and constipation(OR=2.689,P=0.003),and negatively correlated with the other stool characteristics(OR=0.571,P=0.047).[Conclusion]Diarrhea and constipation may be important factors in exacerbating chronic idiopathic tinnitus and should be emphasized in the clinical management of patients with chronic idiopathic tinnitus.