Antigen challenge of sensitized isolated guinea-pig mesentery perfused under constant pressure resulted in a significant flow reduction which was induced by the release of leukotrienes bioassayed on guinea-pig ileum. 3 min after challenge, the mescnteric perfusion rate dropped to a minimum of 32?12% ( P

Multimodal fundus imaging techniques, based on lights and shadows, appear to have a rapidly great progress in recent years.Fundus imaging techniques are divided into anatomical approaches and functional approaches according to the working characteristics and principle of different instruments.Nowadays, fundus imaging techniques are developing toward a wide field, microview, multimodal, quantitative, and intelligent way.However, to our knowledge, the fundus is very broad with many unexplored territories and unsolved mysteries until now.The road of clinical industrialization of emerging imaging techniques is still long, and there is also a potential challenge in the application of artificial intelligence deep learning in ophthalmology.Multimodal fundus imaging techniques are beneficial for us to accurately diagnose and dynamically monitor eye diseases, but with so many examination methods, how to choose a highly sensitive and specific way to avoid the waste of medical resources and reduce unnecessary financial burden of patients is the responsibility of ophthalmologists.

Child ; Cough ; chemically induced ; Disinfectants ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Irritants ; adverse effects ; Male

Acupuncture Points ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Facial Paralysis ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To assess the anticonvulsant effect of midazolam, thiopental and propofol on the convulsion induced by ropivacaine in rats and the underlying mechanism.Methods Fifty male SD rats, 4-6 months of age, weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into five groups of 10 animals each : (1) control group (C); (2) ropivacaine group; (R) (3) midazolam-ropivacaine group (MR); (4) thiopental-ropivacaine group (SR) and (5) propofol-ropivacaine group (PR) . In control group normal saline 2 ml was infused i.v. . In ropivacaine group (R) 0.75% ropivacaine was infused i.v. at 0.5 ml?min-1 until convulsion occurred. In midazolam - ropivacaine group (MR) midazolam 0.23 mg?kg-1 was injected i.v. 3 min before 0.75% ropivacaine infusion. In SR and PR groups thiopental 2 mg?kg-1 or propofol 1 mg?kg-1 was injected i.v. 1 min before 0.75% ropivacaine infusion. As soon as convulsion occurred ropivacaine infusion was stopped. The animals were decapitated and their brains were removed and kept in liquid nitrogen for determination of the contents of excitatory ammo-acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) and the inhibitory amino-acids [glycine and ?-amino butyric acid (GABA)] by high-performance liquid chromatography . The amount of ropivacaine infused in each group was recorded and calculated.Results The dose of ropivacaine needed to produce convulsion was 4.6?0.5 mg?kg-1 in group R and was significantly increased in the 3 groups pretreated with general anesthetics and was 2.96 times the dose in group R in MR group, 2.84 times in SR group and 1.54 times in PR group. The 4 amino-acid concentrations in the brain were significantly higher in group R than in control group. Compared to group R the Asp, Gly and GABA concentrations were significantly lower in group MR and PR but in group SR only Asp concentration was significantly lower. There was no significant difference in glutamic acid concentration among the4 roopivacaine groups (group 2-5).Conclusion Midazolam, thiopental and propofol can all increase the dose of ropivacaine needed to induce convulsion and midazolam and thiopental are more effective than propofol.

Objective: To study the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in papillary renal cell cancer (PRCC) and clear cell renal cell cancer (CC-RCC) and the correlation between each other. Methods: The expressions of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF in PRCC (n=13), CC-RCC tissues (n=20) and normal renal tissues (n=10) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The difference and correlation between each group were compared and analyzed. Results: The positive rates of HIF-1 alpha in PRCC, CC-RCC, and normal renal tissues were 38.46%, 85%, and 0%, respectively. There was significant difference between the three groups (P < 0.05). The positive rate of VEGF in PRCC, CC-RCC and normal renal tissues were 76.92%, 80%, and 10%, respectively. There was no significant difference between PRCC and CC-RCC. But the difference between renal cancer tissues and normal renal tissues was significant (P < 0.05). Expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF had no correlation in PRCC tissues but had positive correlation in CC-RCC tissues. Conclusion: HIF-1 alpha is weakly expressed and VEGF is over-expressed in PRCC tissues. The expressions of HIF-1alpha and VEGF have no correlation. It suggests that the pattern of tumor angiogenesis in PRCC was different with CC-RCC.

Angiopoietins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; physiopathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Pericytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Aim To explore the characteristic of NO-cGMP signal pathway in the regulation of thoracic aortic relaxation in thyroxine-induced hypertensive rats.Methods Hyperthyroidism was induced by administering Lthyroxine(T4,0.5 mg?kg~-1,sc)daily for 16 days.Sham-treated euthyroid control rats received only vehicle saline for 16 days.SNAP,an NO donor,was used to define the differential relaxation in the thoracic aorta from euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats.To determine the mechanisms involved changes in NO-cGMP signal pathway in the regulation of aortic relaxation from hyperthyroid rats,BAY 41-2272(BAY)was used to activate soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC),ODQ was used to inhibit sGC,and 8-Br-cGMP was used to acti vate protein kinase G(PKG),respectively.Results Thyroid hormone excess for 16 days showed characteristic changes in body weight,heart rate and systolic blood pressure in rats.The body weight was significantly decreased,while heart rate,pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure were increased in T4-treated rats.SNAP caused relaxation in the aorta in both euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats.However,SNAP-induced aortic relaxation was significantly attennuated in hyperthyroid rats than in euthyroid rats.In the presence of ODQ,SNAP-induced aortic relaxation was blocked in both euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats.BAY and 8-BrcGMP-induced aortic relaxation was significantly attennuated in hyperthyroid rats than in euthyroid rats.Conclusion These data suggest that the attenuated effect of NO-cGMP signal pathway is involved in the regulation of aortic relaxation in the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism,which may be related to the downregulation of sGC and PKG functions.

Objective To observe the expression of mitochondrial encoding cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ(COXⅠ) and subunitⅡ(COXⅡ) in type Ⅱalveolar epithelial cell(AEC Ⅱ) of rats exposed to hyperoxia and explore the role of COXⅠand COXⅡ in hyperoxia-induced lung injury.Methods AECⅡ were gained by primary culture from 19-days fetal rats lung.After purified,AECⅡ were randomly assigned to hyperoxia group and air group.Hyperoxia group was flushed the flake with 950 mL/L O2 and 50 mL/L CO2 at 3 L/min for 10 min,then sealed.Both groups were in CO2 culture chamber(37 ℃,50 mL/L CO2).After 6,12 and 24 hours of exposure,AECⅡ were harvested and extracted for total RNA.COXⅠand COXⅡ mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The results were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 softwore.Results Compared with air group,COXⅠmRNA expression in hyperoxia group increased significantly at 6 hours(t=3.832 P=0.019) and 12 hours(t=10.431 P=0),respectively,then decreased to the equivalent level in 24 hours(t=0.360 P=0.731).Compared with air group,COXⅡmRNA expression in hyperoxia group increased significantly at 6 hours(t=2.795 P=0.035),then decreased to the equivalent level at 12 hours(t=0.892 P=0.40) and 24 hours(t=2.018 P=0.071).Conclusions Exposure of hyperoxia up-regulate the expressions of COXⅠmRNA and COXⅡmRNA in AECⅡ,which may be a protective mechanism of hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

Objective We aimed to study the optimal method for local compression following removal of needle after intravenous injection and protect patients' vein to the highest degree. Methods 620 patients were divided into the observation group and the control group with 310 cases in each group randomly. Comparison study was carried out by adopting interchange compression (routine method) and noninterchange compression (direct pressing with hypothenar). Results The incidence of pain, bleeding and subcutaneous stasis after removal of needle in the observation group was lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions Local compression following removal of needle with hypothenar was superior to routine compression method and it was worth applying in clinics widely.