Objective To establish a method for determination of trace lead in drinking water by intermittent flow HG-AFS was developed. Methods The conditions for K3Fe(CN)6-KBH4-HCl system of generation of PbH4 were optimized and interference of coexisting ions were tested. Results The fluorescence signal of blank solution was decreased evidently by treating K3Fe(CN)6 with activated carbon and the detection limit was effectively improved. The interference of coexisting ions could be suppressed in some degrees in the presence of K3[Fe(CN)6]. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit of this method was 0.10 ?g/L and RSD(n=6) was in the rang 0.4%-3.8%. The recovery rate was 95.0%-112.0%. Conclusion This method was accurate, simple, sensitive and suitable for determination of trace lead in drinking water.

Objective:To establish a detection method for residual toluene in diclofenac sodium raw material by GC. Methods:An HP-5 column (0. 53 mm × 30 m, 2. 65 μm) with nitrogen as the carrier gas was employed for the separation. The temperature of the column, injection port and FID detector was set at 50℃, 200℃ and 250℃, respectively. An internal standard method with isooctane as the internal standard was used to assay the residual amount after the sample was dissolved in DMSO. Results:The linear calibration curve was obtained over the range of 9. 27-111. 19μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 4). The mean recovery was 97. 27%(RSD=2. 80%,n=9). The LOD and LOQ was 0. 59μg·ml-1 and 1. 46μg·ml-1 , respectively. The residual contents of toluene in 3 batches of the products all met the relevant regulations. Conclusion:The established method is reliable and accurate, and can be used in the quality control of diclofenac sodium.

Objective To evaluate the clinical,biological,electrophysiological characteristics with sensory neuronopathies(SNN).Methods The clinical,biological,electrophysiological data of all patients who were diagnosed by specialists in Chang Hai Hospital from 2008 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The age of onset were between 50 and 70 years old;the average was 61 yesars old;the male-to-female ratio was 51,on admission,the common manifest were the loss of superficial sense and deep sense with limbs,sensory ataxia,areflexia,nerve electro-physiology showed the reduce or disappear of sensory nerve action potential(SNAP),cerebrospinal showed moderately elevated protein.Conclusion SNN should be considered in those whose symptoms accompanying with superficial sense and deep sense damage and the reduce or disappear of sensory nerve action potential.

Background: Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Fecal bacterial smear is a simple and economical laboratory test for determining the severity of this condition. Aims: To explore the reference value of fecal bacterial smear for antibiotic treatment in IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). Methods: A total of 130 IBS-D patients were enrolled and allocated into four groups according to the results of fecal bacterial smear: normal intestinal microbiota group and grade , Ⅱ and III dysbiosis groups. Patients with grade III dysbiosis were treated based on fecal bacterial culture and drug susceptible test; patients in other three groups were treated with rifaximin for 7 days. After 7-day rifaximin treatment, all patients were reviewed for fecal bacterial smear. The clinical efficacy and changes in fecal bacterial smear were assessed and the consistency of these two aspects was analyzed by Kappa coefficient. Results: Of the 130 IBS-D patients, 82.3% had intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and those with grade , Ⅱ and III dysbiosis was 48.5%, 25.4%, and 8.5%, respectively. The overall efficacy of rifaximin in patients with grade +Ⅱ dysbiosis was significantly higher than that in patients with normal intestinal microbiota (57.3% vs. 30.4%, P<0.05). Furthermore, the overall efficacies in grade and grade Ⅱ dysbiosis groups, especially in grade Ⅱ dysbiosis group, were consistent with the changes in fecal bacterial smear (κ=0.653 and κⅡ=0.727, all P<0.05). Conclusions: Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis can be detected in a great proportion of patients with IBS-D, and antibiotic treatment is more effective in patients with dysbiosis. Fecal bacterial smear might be used to stratify the IBS-D patients for optimal selection of antibiotics.

Objective To understand current status of brucellosis infection in both human and animal in Yanqing County to get solid scientific basis for controlling the disease and to prevent the spread of epidemic.Methods Cluster sampling method was used in this survey in stock raisers and ELISA and SAT were performed to inspect serologic antibody of Brucella.At the same time an epidemic investigation was carried out,including the basic personal situation,occupational history,vaccination history,clinical symptom,and so on.Resutls In a total of 216 cow raisers whose blood Was detected,27 cases showed positive in titer test of Brucella antibody with a ratio of 12.50%.However,all the antibody carriers did not have any clinical symptoms.In all 2185 cows that were collected for antibody test,1488 cases had positive serological antibody with a ratio of 68.10%.And all the positive COWS also did not have any clinical symptoms.Conclusions The subclinical infection of brucellosis is rather high in Yanqing County's stock raisers.It is self-protection of the stock raisers,epidemic knowledge propaganda,serological surveillance in human and animal,immunize of healthy cows,and eliminate of diseased cows that are urgent in order to keep the public in health.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of defluoridization of water and the morbidity trends in endemic fluoroais areas in Yanqing county of Beijing, in order to provide the basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures. Methods In 2008, stratified random was used to collect water samples to detect the amount of drinking water fluoride in three villages(Gujiaying, Bojiying and Hujiaying) in Yanqing county using ion-selective electrode in both dry and rainy seasons. Sixty-three students in 8 - 12 years old and 664 adults over 16 years of age were determined of urinary fluoride, and examine the prevalence of dental fluorosis. ResultsThe fluorine content in drinking water in the dry and rainy seasons was (0.72 ± 0.12), (0.76 ± 0.18)mg/L, respectively. The median of fluorine content in urine of children was 1.11 mg/L with the range of 0.32 - 4.15 mg/L; the median of fluorine content in urine of adult was 1.42 mg/L with the range of 0.37 - 4.65 mg/L. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children was 23.81%(15/63), dental fluorosis index was 0.45; the detection rate of dental fluorosis in adult was 54.97% (365/664), dental fluorosis index was 1.70. Conclusions Fluorine content in drinking water meets the national standard in Yanqing county. The morbidity of endemic fluorosis descends in some extent in a result of defluoredization.

Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effectiveness of Yisheng herbal injection against chronic allograft nephropathy in rats.Methods Renal transplantation was performed from SD to Wistar closed colony strain rats. Before the transplantation, the kidney was preserved in 0- 40 ℃ heparin sodium chloride solution for one h. The rats were divided into 4 groups: Group A only received CsA 10 mg/kg every day; Groups B, C and D received low dose of Yisheng+CsA, high dose of Yisheng+CsA and CsA+MMF, respectively. Blood creatinine, pathological changes of the renal grafts and the expression of transforming growth factor ?1 in transplanted renal tissues were observed 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation.Results After the transplantation, the serum creatinine level in group A was significantly higher than in groups B, C and D ( P

Objective To investigate the effect of different immunosuppresants on CAN by affecting TGF-?_ 1 and Smads signal pathway. Methods The SD→Wistar rat accelerated kidney sclerosis model was made following the procedure of Kamada with our modification. The rats were divided into 6 groups (each group n=8): Group A, psudo-OP group; Group B, control group; Group C, CsA 6 mg?kg~ -1?d~ -1; Group D, FK506 0.15 mg?kg~ -1?d~ -1; Group E, MMF 20 mg?kg~ -1?d~ -1; Group F, RPM 0.8 mg?kg~ -1?d~ -1. After 4, 8, 12 weeks, the animals were killed. The immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect localization and expression of TGF-?_ 1, Smad2 and smad7 in transplant kidney. Results CsA and FK506 simultaneously stimulated the gene expression and protein production of TGF-?_ 1 and Smad2 and inhibited the expression of Smad7 in transplant kidney, whereas MMF and RPM could down-regulate the gene expression and protein production of TGF-?_ 1 and smad2 and up-regulate the expression of smad7. There was no significant difference between CsA group and FK506 group, as well as MMF group and RPM group.Conclusion Different immunosuppresants can affect TGF-?_ 1 and Smads signal pathway in kidney graft. CsA and FK506 can cause CAN, owning to up-regulate the expression of Smad2, and down-regulate the Smad7 expression. MMF and RPM can prevent the progression of CAN because of down-regulating the expression of Smad2 and increasing Smad7 production.

Objective] The article explores and analyses the clinical dialectical experience of my postgraduate tutor in the treatment on chronic abdominal pain of children. [Methods]From following professor Sang Gao clinical studies,summarize the experience and thoughts of treating chronic abdominal pain of children,and with a case. [Results]My tutor believes that the pathogenesis of chronic abdominal pain of children caused by weakness of middle energizer, disorder of Qi, which lead to the spleen deficiency and qi stagnation, to cure the disease must treat with liver and spleen together, with activating the spleen and regulating the liver, harmonizing stomach and relieving pain as a rule which can achieve good effect. [Conclusion] Activating the spleen and regulating the liver is an effective treatment, it is worthy of in-depth study and promotion.