0.05). CONCLUSION: The established quality standard can be used for the quality control of Pyrus ussuriensis.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficiency of using Succinylcholine as premedication for non-urgency intubation in prematurity.Methods During Jan.to Jul.2007,in Ottawa General Hospital and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario NICU,the prematurity who were received non-urgency intubation were divided into 2 groups as premedication group(group A)and non-premedication group(group B).Premedications in group A were applied Atropine,Fentanyl and Succinylcholine;premedications in group B were applied Atropine and Fentanyl.The same procedures were done according to the protocol in 2 groups.The basical information,one attempt successful intubation,total attempts,Goldberg scores and side effects were compared between both groups.Results Forty-four cases were involved in the study,25 cases in group A,19 cases in group B,there was no significant difference in patients' basical information between both groups.One attempt successful intubation was 56.0%(14 cases)in group A,higher than that in group B [21.1%(4 cases)],which had significant diffe-rence between 2 groups(P0.05).Conclusions Atropine,Fentanyl and Succinylcholine are safe as the premedication used in prematurity,which can improve one attempt successful intubation avoiding glottal injury of repeating attempts.It also can helps young physician to be familiar with the intubation techniques,premedication is recommended to teaching hospital.

ObjectiveTo explore the method of preparing the tube from chitosan and study the biocompatibility between blood and chitosan. Methods3％ chitosan-based hydrolgels were pro-duced from acetic acid and chitosan. The needles coated with chitosan were submerged in NaOHaqueous solutions. The tubes of chitosan were taken off from the needle. The portosystemic shuntswere created using the tube of chitosan. This model without heparin was observed whether the intes-tinal congestion developed or not. ResultsIt was shown that the chitosan-based tube has blood in 8rats went back to veinal system. ConclusionIt was easy to prepare the tube from chitosan. Thetubes have an excellent biocompatibility with blood.

Objective To study the genes modulated during plasma cell development and their regulating network. Methods The changes of gene expression during differentiation from mature B cells to plasma cells were studied using cDNA microarray and RT PCR. Results The gene expression profile during plasma cell differentiation was established. During mature B cell plasma cell differentiation, numerous genes were modulated, including genes involving immunity, cell growth, survival, and signal transduction. The expressions of several molecules in the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathways, such as Ig?, Ig?, Lyn, Syk, BLNK, SWAP 70, and SHP 1 were down regulated. The decreased expression of some of these molecules might be associated with the down regulation of the transcription factor BSAP. Conclusion During plasma cell differentiation, molecules involving BCR signaling pathways are down regulated.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) results from the interaction of many pathological factors. Studies show that a high incidence of ED is associated with chronic diseases of various systems, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. This article outlines the progress in recent studies on the impact of chronic diseases on erectile function.
Chronic Disease ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; physiology

Objective] The article explores and analyses the clinical dialectical experience of my postgraduate tutor in the treatment on chronic abdominal pain of children. [Methods]From following professor Sang Gao clinical studies,summarize the experience and thoughts of treating chronic abdominal pain of children,and with a case. [Results]My tutor believes that the pathogenesis of chronic abdominal pain of children caused by weakness of middle energizer, disorder of Qi, which lead to the spleen deficiency and qi stagnation, to cure the disease must treat with liver and spleen together, with activating the spleen and regulating the liver, harmonizing stomach and relieving pain as a rule which can achieve good effect. [Conclusion] Activating the spleen and regulating the liver is an effective treatment, it is worthy of in-depth study and promotion.

Objective To summarize the perioperative experience of nursing the middle-aged and elderly patients of lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative lumbar scoliosis treated with posterior or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Methods Posterior or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion was performed in 69 middle-aged and elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Nursing measures included evaluation and treatment of complications, preoperative guidance for surgical body position, and postoperative close monitoring, treatment of complications and functional exercises. Results The operation on all the 69 patients was smooth, with surgical time ranged from 3 to 7 hours and bleeding volume between 300~750 mL. Postoperatively, 9 patients suffered from CSF leaks, 3 ones had a screw loose by imageology, 2 did from pneumonia, 2 did from DVT, and 3 did from depression. After clinical management and nursing, all the patients were cured and discharged. Conclusions Meticulous clinical treatment and nursing of preoperative complications and instructions on body position are the foundation for successful surgeries. Postoperatively, close monitoring, management of the complications and the instruction on functional exercises are guarantees for the successful surgeries.

BACKGROUND: Studies showed cellular adhesion molecule and neurotrophic factor secreted from olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) could protect the spinal neurons and promote the regeneration of spinal axon. OBJECTIVE: To compare the competence to repair spinal cord injury between olfactory mucosa OECs and olfactory bulb OECs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized control animal experiment was performed in the central laboratory of Xidian Group Hospital between June 2007 and June 2008. MATERIALS: Twelve male SD rats were randomized selected and divided into experiment group (n=6, 23 months old) and control group (n=6, 3 months old). They were used for in vitro culture and purification of OECs; other 30 SD rats were randomized into three groups of 10 rats each: neonatal rat olfactory bulb OECs transplantation group, normal olfactory mucosa OECs transplantation group and blank control group.METHODS: Spinal cord injury models were produced in 30 rats, which were transplanted with the neonatal rat or SD rat OECs cultured in vitro. No transplant was given in the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 4 and 8 weeks postoperation, the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score for nerve function, the evoked potential of legs and the histopathological diversify of injured spinal cord. RESULTS: Seven rats died dudng the experiment process, and the death rate was similar between groups. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperation, there was no significant difference in the BBB scores between neonatal rat olfactory bulb OECs transplantation group and normal olfactory mucosa OECs transplantation group (P > 0.05), which were both significantly higher than blank control group (P < 0.001); the BBB scores in two transplantation groups were higher at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks (P < 0.01 ). At 4 weeks postoperaUon, no animal was shown to elicit motion evoked potential, but it was present in two transplantation groups at 8 weeks, with no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). The blank control group had still no motion evoked potential (P < 0.001 ). At 8 weeks postoperation, more cell infiltrations were found in the injured spinal cord of two transplantation groups, while few in the control group.CONCLUSION: Both OECs dissociated from olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa have the same ability to repair the injured spinal cord, and their effect is similar.

BACKGROUNO:Some experiments have proved that some traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have good biocompatibility when they touch and interact with human body tissues, body fluid or blood.Therefore,the physicochemical properties and functions of biomaterials can be improved by compounding it with some TCM.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biocompatibility of gelatin-bletilla porous material carrying TCM.DESIGN:Single sample experiment.SETTING:Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Orthopaedics.Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS:This experiment was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedics,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology between February and April 2005.Twelve mice,male and female in half,weighing 18-24 g, and 6 Japanese big-eared rabbits,weighing 2.8 to 3.0 kg,were chosen for this experiment.They were raised at (18±1)℃ in separate cages.METHODS: Spongy gelatin-bletilla porous materials carrying extract of Coptidis and Radix Salviac Militiorrhizae was prepared by freeze-drying method.The acute systemic toxicity test:The 12 mice were divided into experimental group and control group. Mice in the two groups were intraperitoneally injected with leaching liquor and normal saline,respectively (the dose was 50 mL/Kg),then the general state and body mass of mice were recorded at the 4th,24th,48th and 72nd hours after injection, respectively.The porous materials were implanted in dorsal muscle of rabbits.Two rabbits were sacrificed at the 1st, 2nd and 6th weeks after operation seperately,and tissue reaction of biomaterial in vivo was assessed by gross observation and histological examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gross observation and histological examination of tissue reaction of biomaterials in vivo.RESULTS: Twelve mice and six big-eared rabbits were involved in final analysis.The acute systemic toxicity test:Mice of two groups had good status,normal activity and appetite,stable respiration:and no abdominal irritation,exhaustion, cyanosis or death was found.Body mass of mice of two groups presented tendency of increase at the 24th,48th and 72nd hours after injection,and there were no significant differences between two groups (P＞0.05).The implantation test:①Gross observation:The samples were tightly bounded with muscular fibrous tissues at postoperative 1 week.They were connected with muscular fibrous tissues and could not be easily separated at postoperative 4 weeks.Gelatin-bletilla porous materials carrying TCM could hardly been seen at postoperative 8 weeks.②Histological observation:There were a lot of infiammatory cells and mesenchymal stem cells around the samples at 1 week after the implantation of gelatin-bletilla porous materials carrying TCM; Some materials were degraded and infiammatory cell infiltration was reduced around the implanted materials at 4 weeks; The inflammatory cells were further reduced and the materials were absorbed and replaced by muscular tissues at 12 weeks.CONCLUSION:Gelatin-bletilla porous materials carrying TCM is safe and reliable for application in wound healing,skin and muscle tendon tissue engineering.

ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to investigate more effective ways in postgraduate academic training and research management by analysis of the scientific papers published in graduate school period.MethodsThe categories,quantity and quality of the scientific papers published by postgraduate students in Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed statistically.ResultsThe quantity of papers published by postgraduate students has been stably improved year by year,and the quality of the papers has shown an obvious tendency of increasing.ConclusionsAn outstanding research capability of the whole institute,the strict demand of supervisors and the reasonable encouraging systems in scientific research management are all the guarantee of the improvement of academic research ability of postgraduate students in Beijing Neurosurgical Institute.