Objective To study the association of methylation status of C5 of the cytosine in the CpG di-nucleotide of caspase-8 promoter and expression of caspase-8 mRNA with the resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines,and to evaluate the effect of demethylation agent 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine(5-Aza-CdR) on the resistance to TRAIL of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.Methods Methylation status of caspase-8 promoter was measured with methylation-specific PCR method(MSP).Expression of caspase-8 mRNA was detected with RT-PCR.Apoptosis induced by TRAIL was observed by Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide(AO/EB) staining.Results Unmethylated status of caspase-8 promoter was found in both HepG2 and SMMC 7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.5-Aza-CdR neither up-regulated caspase-8 mRNA expression nor increased the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL.Conclusion caspase-8 promoter methylation status and caspase-8 mRNA expression are not related to the resistance to TRAIL.5-Aza-CdR can not increase the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL.

Objective To study preoperatively on TNM staging of esophageal carcinoma by endo-scopes ultrasonography ( EUS). Methods Sixty-one patients with esophageal carcinoma were preoperatively staged by EUS. The results were compared with the postoperative histopathological staging according to the new (1997) TNM classification. Results Clinical staging of T subsets by EUS was reliable with an overall accuracy rate of 86. 9% , while that of N subsets was relatively more difficult with an overall accuracy rate of 52. 5% ; sensitivity and specificity of regional lymph nodal metastases were 88. 9% and 23. 5% respectively. Conclusion EUS is relatively an accurate measure in assessing the depth of tumor infiltration, whereas further efforts are needed to improve the accuracy in N staging. EUS will be helpful in choice of the appropriate therapeutic procedure and predicting the possibility of surgical resection.

Objective To study the gastrointestinal tract damage induced by acid detergent toilet cleaner and treatment methods.Method Acute toxicity of toilet cleaner was studied using big white rabbits.Subacute and chronic toxicity and treatment methods were studied by hospital patients.Results After falling 15 ml toilet cleaner into stomach through mouth in 2 rabbits,both died of gastric perforation.After one patient misapplied with 50 ml to//et cleaner,gastric corrosive ulcer was found by gastroscopy after treatment 7 d,gastric constrictive inflammation was found by upper gastrointestinal barium meal at 14 d after treatment,and gastric scarring was found by gastroscopy after treatment 51 d.Conchusions Acid detergent toilet cleaner mainly harm gastric mucosa,gastric perforation is easily induced in acute stage,gastric ulcer induced in subacute stage,and scarring induced in chronic stage.Taking orally pure milk,inhibiting gasuic acid secretion and haemostasis are mainly treatment methods.Examination of gastroscopy and upper gastrintesinal barium meal may be carried out in subaeute and chronic stages.

Objective To probe the mechanism of hepatocarcinoma cell apoptosis promoted by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) RNA interference (RNAi) by mitochondrial pathway in vitro. Methods Westernblot was employed to detect the intracellular expressions of caspase-9, hTERT, Bcl-2 and Bax, and mitochondrial and cytoplastic cytochrome C (cyt C) in HepG2 cells transfected by pSliencer 3.1-H1 neo-shTERT (small hairpin RNA hTERT). Result In the HepG2 cells transfected by pSliencer 3.1-H1 neo-shTERT, expressions of hTERT, Bcl-2 and mitochondrial cyt C were significantly down-regulated, while Bax and cytoplastic cyt C were obviously up-regulated, and active caspase-9 was found in addition to procaspase-9 compared with that in negative control cells and untransfected cells. Conculsion hTERT RNAi may suppress hTERT expression to result in reduction of Bcl-2 and increase of Bax, and then induce hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell apoptosis by mitochondrial pathway subsequent to cyt C release from mitochondria to cytoplast.

Objective To study the effects of demethylation agent 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on the antitumor activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) against gastric carcinoma. Methods Expression of caspase-8 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. Antitumor activity of TRAIL protein was measured by MTT method. Results The inhibition rates of treatment with 200 ng/ml TRAIL for 72 h on gastric cell lines SGc 7901, Kato 3, and AGS were 9.83%, 11.94%, and 4.04%. After treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, the inhibition rates of 200 ng/ml TRAIL on gastric cell lines increased to 38.98%, 52.42%, and 30.72%. Before exposure to 5-Aza-CdR, expression of caspase-8 mRNA was low and an increased expression of the caspase-8 was found in the three gastric cancer cells after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. Conclusion Treatment with 5-Aza-CdR can increase TRAIL antitumor activity on human gastric cancer and its mechanisms might be involved in the up-regulation of caspase-8 gene.

Objective To study the effect of methylation state of C5 of the cytosine in the CpG di nucleotide of caspase 8 promoter on tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) antitumor activity in gastric carcinomas. Methods The methylation states of the caspase 8 promoter region of 5 kinds of gastric carcinoma strains were measured by methylation specific PCR method. The antitumor activity of TRAIL protein was measured by MTT method. Results No methylation of caspase 8 promoter was found in gastric carcinoma cells. Treatment with demethylation agent 5 Aza 2′ deoxycytidine (5 Aza CdR) increased sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to TRAIL, but did not change methylation status of caspase 8 promoter in gastric carcinoma cells. Conclusion Caspase 8 promoter methylation status is not associated with TRAIL antitumor activity.

Objective To study the deficiency of serf-regulation in impulsivity children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)based on both procedures of action and inhibitory control.The event related potentials(ERPs)component P3 in Go/NoGo tasks was analyzed.Methods There were 15 impulsive children with ADHD and15 normal children in control group.Their age was from seven years old to eleven years old.The Go/NoGo stimulate-response model was adopted in the ERPs test.The occurrence of Go and NoGo trials was equal probability(each of 50%).Results(1)The high impulsive children had slower Go-RTs(reaction times)in making correct response than normal children,tended to be faster of NoGo-RTs in making error response and had lower correct rate.(2)P3amplitudes in both control and ADHD children had the tendency of Go-P3 > NoGo-P3,especially significant at CPz and Pz in ADHD children,showed the trend of parietal central to parietal maximum and the frontal minimum,The NoGo-P3 amplitude of ADHD group was smaller especially significant at FCz and Cz,and tended to be smaller than control on left hemisphere.(3)NoGo-P3 is smaller in impulsive children with ADHD than normal children,most significant at FCz.(4)Brain maps showed that impulsive children with ADHD were lower activation significantly in the right frontal area.Conclusions The efficiency of ADHD in action is lower.The behavior regulation in impulsive children is limited.Go/NoGo-P3 reflects action processing and attention.The left parietal lobe to central area is engaged much more in action procedure and attention.This research shows the evidence of weakened parietal cortex and right frontal cortex in impulsive children with ADHD.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of the biliary passage dilator assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastostomy(PEG)in natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery(NOTES).Methods Eleven hybrid dogs were recruited to the study.One dog was used for pilot study of biliary passage dilator assisted PEG.The rest ten were divied into 2 groups randomly(5 per group), receiving conventional PEG and biliary passage dilator assisted PEG, respectively.The efficacy and safety of these 2 methods in NOTES were compared.Two weeks later, routine gastroscopy was performed to detect the healing of luminal incision and all animals were sacrificed to explore the possible complications in the abdominal cavity.Results With the assistance of the biliary passage dilator, successful transgastric access to the peritoneal cavity was achieved in the pilot study.Biliary passage dilator assisted PEG was completed in all the 5 dogs of the experimetal group, while tradional PEG succeded in only 4.The average transgastric puncture time in the biliary passage dilator assisted PEG(7.0 ± 1.7 min)was significantly shorter than that of conventional PEG (11.0 ± 3.2 min, P ＜ 0.05).Nine dogs survived for 2 weeks postoperatively without loss of weight or peritonitis.Endoscopy showed transgastric puncture healed well.Autopsy revealed no gross adhering zone,bleeding, injury of adjacent organs or abcasses.Conclusion Compared with the conventional PEG, the biliary passage dilator assisted PEG shows the advantages of reduced difficulty and shoter time of puncture without any apparent complications.There is a good prospect of its application in NOTES.

Objective To investigate the current status of conventionai diagnostic/therapeutic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy (conventional gastroscopy/colonoscopy and endoscopic polypectomy,et al.) in mainland China.Methods The survey was conducted by a questionnaire sent via e-mail or telephone to the hospital-based GI endoscopy units,including three levels of hospitals (Third-Grade Hospital Classification in China).Results From May 2010 to November 2010,169/279 (60.6％)units were enrolled,which covered 28 provinces (90.3％) in mainland China.Among the 169hospitals,147(87.0％ ) hospitals performed GI endoscopy,and all the hospitals performed gastroscopy (100％).Furthermore,100％ of the tertiary hospitals,and 93.9％ (138/147) of the second-level hospitals performed colonoscopy,significantly higher than that of the first-level hospitals (25.0％)(x2 =60.9,P＜0.01).All the tertiary hospitals (100％),and 79.8％ (71/89) of the second-level hospitals perform endoscopic polypectomy,significantly higher than that of the first-level hospitals (16.7％,x2 =20.0,P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Among the 147 hospitals with the ability to perform GI endoscopy,74 hospitals (50.3％) performed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Furthermore,76.1％ (35/46) of the tertiary hospitals performed ERCP,significantly higher than that of the second-level hospitals (43.8 ％,39/89) (x2 =12.7,P＜0.01),and none of the 12 first-level hospitals performed ERCP,endoscopic ultrosonography (EUS) or EVL/EVS(endoscopic oesophageal varices ligation/sclerotherapy).Conclusions The conventional diagnostic GI endoscopy (routine gastroscopy and colonoscopy) was popularized in the tertiary and the second-level hospitals,and there was still much to improve for the first-level hospitals.With regard to the conventional therapeutic endoscopics,ERCP and EVL/EVS were more popular in the tertiary hospitals,while the second-level hospitals have much to improve.

Objective To observe the effect of perioperative treatment on complications in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients undergoing spinal surgery, and summarize effective perioperative management to make these patients to get better treatment. Methods Forty-eight HIV positive patients (experimental group) and 79 HIV negative patients (control group) undergoing spinal surgery from November 2010 to March 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The two groups were comparable in age, gender, type of spinal surgery and basic diseases. Nutritional support and the uses of antibiotics and blood transfusion were strengthened in patients of experimental group. Immunomodulatory drugs, the treatment with HAART and occupational protection were also used in patients of experimental group. The patients in control group only received conventional perioperative treatment. Wound healing, opportunistic infection, the failure of internal fixation and death after the operation was observed. The perioperative treatment methods were summarized. Chi square test was used in comparison of the rate and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Surgery was successfully completed in all patients in experimental group and control group. Two cases (4.2%) in experimental group and 4 cases(5.1%) in control group showed delayed healing of incisions. All incisions were healed after debridement and no incision infection happened. CD4+T lymphocyte count of 2 cases in the experimental group was in stage 3. Among them, 1 patient underwent emergency surgery and opportunistic infection appeared after the operation. The other patients for elective surgery took operation when CD4+T lymphocyte counts were adjusted to 2 and no complications appeared. The two groups had no internal fixation failure cases and deaths. Conclusions HIV positive patients with spinal diseases are special patients. HIV positive patients with spinal surgery can reduce complications, and achieve good clinical curative effect by reasonable preoperative assessment, optimization of perioperative treatment, proper type of operation and active prevention of opportunistic infections after surgery.