Urinary incontinence is a common complication of stroke,40％ to 60％ of inpatients with stroke have urinary incontinence.Post-stroke urinary incontinence is a strong predictor of death,functional disability,and admission of rehabilitation institutions.Recovery of urinary incontinence is associated with a better stroke outcome.This article reviews the epidemiology,causes and classification,effects on stroke outcome,and treatment strategies of post-stroke urinary incontinence.

Objective: To investigate the smoking cessation intention and attempt to quit smoking among smokers at ages of 15 years and older in a district of Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into formulation of tobacco control interventions. Methods: Permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from a district in Beijing Municipality, and all smokers were recruited. Participants' demographic features, tobacco use, intention to quit smoking, attempts to quit smoking and awareness of tobacco-related hazards were collected using the Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey. The intention and attempts to quit smoking were analyzed among smokers, and factors affecting the attempt to quit smoking were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 687 smokers were surveyed, including 669 men (97.38%), 497 from rural areas (72.34%), 351 daily smokers (51.09%), 336 occasional smokers (48.91%), 329 with intention to quit smoking (47.89%), and 178 with attempts to quit smoking during the past one year (25.91%). Univariable analysis showed that area, age, educational level, smoking status, tobacco health literacy and tobacco control information acquired from media were factors affecting intention and attempts to quit smoking among smokers (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that smokers with intention to quit smoking (OR=5.444, 95%CI: 3.585-8.268) and occasional smoking (OR=2.142, 95%CI: 1.312-3.497) were more likely to attempt to quit smoking. Conclusions Approximately half of smokers have intention to quit smoking in a district of Beijing Municipality; however, the percentage of attempts to quit smoking is low. Targeted interventions are required for smokers with different characteristics to improve the intention to quit smoking and promote smoking-quitting behaviors.

AIM: To study the protective effect of cardiomyopeptidin (CMP) attributed to polypeptide on cultured myocardial cells injured by anoxia-reoxygenation.METHODS: The anoxia-reoxygenation injury model were developed, anoxia for 60 min and reoxygenation for 30 min. The effect of CMP on myocardial ultrastructure was observed. ［Ca2＋］i was estimated with adherent cell analysis and sorting 570(ACAS 570) laser cytometer and measured with fluorescent dye Fura-2-AM, the lipid fluidity of cellular membrane was determined by fluorescence polarization technique. RESULTS: CMP could obviously improve the ultrastructure of myocardial cells and dose-dependently decrease ［Ca2＋］i and increase the lipid fluidity of cellular membrane, CMP also could markedly reduce the chromaticity value of pseudo-colour graphic model of Ca2＋. CONCLUSION: Cardiomyopeptidin has an obvious protective effect on cultured myocardial cells injured by anoxia-reoxygenation, this may be related to its effect of decreasing ［Ca2＋］i and increasing lipid fluidity of cellular membrane.

AIM: To study the protective effect of cardiomyopeptidin (CMP) attributed to polypeptide on cultured myocardial cells injured by anoxia-reoxygenation.METHODS: The anoxia-reoxygenation injury model were developed, anoxia for 60 min and reoxygenation for 30 min. The effect of CMP on myocardial ultrastructure was observed. [Ca 2+ ] i was estimated with adherent cell analysis and sorting 570(ACAS 570) laser cytometer and measured with fluorescent dye Fura-2-AM, the lipid fluidity of cellular membrane was determined by fluorescence polarization technique. RESULTS: CMP could obviously improve the ultrastructure of myocardial cells and dose-dependently decrease [Ca 2+ ] i and increase the lipid fluidity of cellular membrane, CMP also could markedly reduce the chromaticity value of pseudo-colour graphic model of Ca 2+ . CONCLUSION: Cardiomyopeptidin has an obvious protective effect on cultured myocardial cells injured by anoxia-reoxygenation, this may be related to its effect of decreasing [Ca 2+ ] i and increasing lipid fluidity of cellular membrane. [

Objective To optimize and establish ELISpot assay for CCP/AST which could secrete IFN-γ and IL-4, and explore the role and clinical significance of CCP/AST cells in occurrence and development of RA disease. Methods CCP was used as specific-stimulator with FLAG peptide as a control,the frequencies of positive SFC which could specifically secrete IFN-γ and IL-4 in 64 cases of RA, 64 cases of non-RA autoinunune diseases and 30 cases of healthy individuals were tested by ELISpot technique. The diagnostic value of CCP/AST cells was evaluated in patients with RA disease. Meanwhile, the relationships among the indexes above and patient joint symptoms as well as other laboratory parameters were further analyzed and discussed. Results The results showed that the mediam numbers of IFN-γ-SFC and IL-4-SFC were 39(12-77)/3 x 105 PBMC and 1 (1-3)/3 × 105 PBMC in RA patients, the positive rates were 81.3% and 18. 8% respectively. The median value of IFN-γ-SFC/IL-4-SFC ratio was of 15(5-39), the positive rate was of 78. 1%. Both IFN-γ-SFC and ratio of IFN-γ-SFC/IL-4-SFC were significantly higher than those of non-RA diseases (Z = - 7. 458, - 7. 019, P < 0. 01 ) and healthy control ( Z = - 6. 643, - 5. 760, P <0. 01 ), also both these parameters in RA patients with positive anti-CCP antibody and negative anti-CCP antibody were significantly higher than those patients with systemic lupus erythematosns ( Z = - 6. 573, - 6. 098, - 4. 552, - 4. 726, P < 0. 01 ), ankylosing spondylitis ( Z = - 3. 520, - 3. 326, - 2. 950,-2. 126, P<0. 01 or 0. 05), other autoimmune diseases (Z = -4. 838, -4. 418, - 3. 681, -3. 839,P < 0. 01 ) and healthy controls ( Z = - 6. 553, - 5. 578, - 4. 635, - 4. 163, P < 0. 01 ). Combining IFN-γ-SFC, IL-4-SFC with IFN-γ-SFC/IL-4-SFC for RA diagnosis, the area under curve of receiver operating characteristic( ROCAUC) and Youden index were 0. 910 and 0. 747. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 87. 5% and 87.2%. Positive and negative predictive values were 82. 4% and 91.1%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that ratio of IFN-γ-SFC/IL-4-SFC was not only significantly correlated with antiCCP antibody(r =0.393, P <0.01), but also correlated with joint symptoms in patients such as with number of joints swelling-pain ( r = 0. 429 , P < 0. 01 ), number of joints damage ( r = 0. 463, P < 0. 01 ),rheumatoid factor (r = 0. 166, P < 0.01) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=0. 199,P<0.05).Conclusions There is widely existence of CCP/AST cells activation and abnormity in RA patients,indicating higher frequency of CCP-specific Th1 cells. These results provides a new experimental evidence for an objective understanding the function of specific cellular immune responses and cytokine network regulation mediated by citrullinated proteins in RA. So, the assay for CCP/AST cells has potential values in RA diagnosis and clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the influence of chemotherapy on the phenotype of secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in gastric cancer (GC). Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze SPARC expression in 132 GC patients. Among these patients, 54 with preoperative chemotherapy and 78 without preoperative chemotherapy were selected to analyze the effect of chemotherapy on SPARC phenotype by comparing the postoperative specimens of the two cohorts. Results:SPARC expression was higher in GC lesions than in the desmoplastic stroma surrounding the tumor cells and noncancerous tissues. High SPARC expression was related to invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging. SPARC expression was lower in patients with preoperative chemotherapy than in controls ( P<0.05). Gross type, histology, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and SPARC phenotype correlated with the overall survival of the patients with preoperative chemotherapy. Further multivariate analysis suggested that lymph node metastasis, histology, and SPARC phenotype after chemotherapy were independent prognostic indicators of GC. Conclusion:SPARC expression was associated with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging and GC prognosis. Preoperative chemotherapy may change the phenotype of SPARC in GC patients.

Three-dimensional bioprinting is one of the latest and fastest growing technologies in the medical field. It has been implemented to print part of the transplantable tissues and organs, such as skin, ear, and bone. This paper introduces the application status, challenges, and application prospect of three-dimensional bioprinting in burn and plastic surgery field.

Objective: To understand the current situation and associated factors of unintentional injury among preschool children in Shunyi District, and to provide reference for the development of unintentional injury intervention measures. Methods: Three kindergartens in Shunyi district were selected through stratified cluster sampling method, and all the parents were surveyed online by self-designed questionnaire. Results: The proportion of low, medium and high risk assessment of unintentional injury in preschool children were 59.5%, 37.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Risk of unintentional injury increased significantly with age and grade(χ 2=12.35, 12.70, P<0.05). The risk of unintentional injury in inter-generational care (3.7%) was higher than that in parental care(2.4%). The higher the education level of the primary caretaker and family income, the higher level of unintentional injury risk(χ 2=11.23, 14.10, P<0.05).There were significant differences in the risk for burning, poisoning, other accidental injury, prevention of accidental injury and total score of unintentional injury among children of different ages and classes(F=8.26，5.61，4.95，6.15，7.86；9.88，8.39，4.25，6.27，7.55，P<0.05). There was statistical significance in burning risk between boys and girls(t=-4.27, P<0.05). There was statistical significance in unintentional injury prevention between children of different residence(t=9.11, P<0.05). There were significant differences in behavior supervision among risk among children of different ages and grades(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level of primary caregivers (college:B=-2.66, 95%CI=-4.69--0.63; bachelor degree or higher:B=-3.80, 95%CI=-5.90--1.70), annual family income (B=-2.82, 95%CI=-4.80--0.84) were associated with unintentional injury risk of preschool children(P<0.05). Conclusion Health education of unintentional injury prevention among preschool children should focus on the primary caretaker with low education and low family income, which is crucial for prevention of children s injury.

On October 3rd, 2017, one male patient, aged 27 years, was admitted to our hospital 6 hours after hydrothermal scald of torso, buttocks, and limbs. The total area of burn was about 60% total body surface area, and the depth was from deep partial-thickness burn to full-thickness burn. Immediately after admission, the patient was given symptomatic support treatments, such as anti-shock, fluid replacement, and anti-infection, etc. After being treated by debridement and xenogenic (porcine) skin grafting for 2 times, the wounds were healed well. On the 12th day of admission, linezolid was used to prevent infection according to the results of microbial culture and drug sensitivity test, since when the level of his blood lactate continued to increase. After 8 days, linezolid was discontinued and vitamin B1 was given orally for 1 week, and the level of lactic acid gradually decreased to normal in result. This case was used mainly to analyze whether linezolid could directly cause hyperlacticemia and its important mechanism, aiming at reminding clinicians of being alert to the risk of hyperlacticemia when using linezolid. If hyperlacticemia occurs, linezolid should be discontinued immediately and vitamin B1 should be taken orally to correct the high lactic acid value, and the treatment plan should be adjusted if necessary.

Objective: To observe the safety and effects of application of analgesic and sedative drugs in severely burned patients during shock stage. Methods: One hundred and eighty patients with severe burns, conforming to the study criteria, were admitted to our unit from August 2014 to August 2016. Patients were divided into analgesia and sedation group and control group according to whether receiving analgesic and sedative treatment or not, with 90 cases in each group. Patients in control group received conventional treatment, while those in analgesia and sedation group received analgesic and sedative treatment for 24 hours besides conventional treatment. Before and at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24, pain degree of patients in two groups was scored by visual analogue scale (VAS). At drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24, sedation degree of patients in two groups was scored by richmond agitation sedation scale, and the success rate of sedation was calculated. Mental state of patients within 24 hours of drug administration was observed, while pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂), respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were observed and dynamically evaluated every 2 hours. The accidental extubation, tachycardia, hypertension, hypoxia, bradycardia, hypotension, urinary retention, and respiratory depression of patients within 24 hours of drug administration were monitored and recorded. Data were processed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance, t test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Fisher′s exact probability test. Results: (1) The VAS scores of patients in two groups were close before drug administration (t=0.675, P>0.05). The VAS scores of patients in analgesia and sedation group at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24 were (3.8±0.4), (3.9±0.6), (3.9±0.5), and (3.9±0.9) points, respectively, significantly lower than (6.0±0.9), (6.0±1.2), (6.2±0.6), and (6.3±0.4) points in control group (t=0.785, 0.730, 0.805, 0.895, P<0.05). The success rate of sedation of patients in analgesia and sedation group at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24 were 91.1% (82/90), 86.7% (78/90), 93.3% (84/90), and 90.0% (81/90), respectively, significantly higher than 7.8% (7/90), 6.7% (6/90), 14.4% (13/90), and 5.6% (5/90) in control group (Z=8.035, 7.946, 8.129, 8.014, P<0.05). (2) The respiratory rate of patients in analgesia and sedation group at drug administration hour 8, 16, and 24 were (15.78±0.69), (16.08±0.59), and (16.21±0.20) times per minute, and the heart rate were (87±9), (83±7), and (76±9) times per minute, respectively, significantly lower than (16.80±0.81), (17.09±0.50), and (17.02±0.61) times per minute and (89±8), (86±7), and (85±6) times per minute in control group (t=7.655, 7.022, 6.536, -6.931, -7.053, -10.196, P<0.01). There were no statistically significant difference in SpO₂, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure before and at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24 between the two groups (t=3.417, -2.894, -6.501, -3.719, -4.573, 2.336, 3.315, 0.942, -1.583, 1.907, 1.147, -0.968, 0.931, -1.682, 1.076, P>0.05). (3) The rates of respiratory depression, hypoxia, bradycardia, urinary retention, and hypotension of patients in the two groups were close (χ²=0.310, P>0.05). The rates of hypertension, accidental extubation, and tachycardia of patients in analgesia and sedation group were significantly lower than those in control group (χ²=16.364, 5.143, 73.309, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Proper application of analgesic and sedative drugs in severely burned patients during shock stage has good clinical effect with low incidence rates of complications.