Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Hearing Loss ; etiology ; Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; adverse effects ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Vibration ; adverse effects

Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure ; standards

Chlormezanone ; blood ; poisoning ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; blood ; Humans

Humans ; Manganese ; urine ; Potentiometry ; methods

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethylene Glycol ; blood ; Humans

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; blood

Acetamides ; blood ; Chromatography, Gas ; Humans

Humans ; Isoniazid ; blood ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

HIV p24 core protein can induce both cellular and neutralizing antibody responses.HIV-1 CA-virus-like particles(VLPs)vaccines provide a promising approach for the development of an effective vaccination strategy against HIV infection.Rhizosecreion of the recombinant proteins provides a new manufacturing platform that can simplify the extraction and purification procedure.Lycium barbarum L.was transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 harboring the plant expression vector pCAMBIA1305.2-MA4-CA with a GRP signal peptide and MA4-CA fusion gene.Transgenic hairy roots were induced and cultivated in hydroponic culture.Western blotting indicated that the recombinant CA proteins were present in two forms,a glycosylated monomer(37 kDa)and a dimer(50 kDa)in the roots and hydroponic medium.It appeared from the present immunohistochemical data that the recombinant CA proteins fused with GRP signal peptide were confined to the cytoplasm,cell wall and intercellular space,indicating targeting into the secretory pathway.It demonstrated for the first time the rhizosecretion of HIV-1 recombinant capsid protein in Lycium barbarum L.hairy roots,and may offer a novel method for expressing HIV-1 CA-VLPs vaccines in plants.

The α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel that is distributed throughout the nervous system. It is involved in the regulation of various neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and norepinephrine. α4β2-nAChR plays an important role in learning, memory, cognition, attention, inflammation, and pain. A large number of studies have shown that α4β2-nAChR is an important therapeutic target for neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, depression, nicotine dependence, pain, etc. It is an important target in the early diagnosis and curative effect detection of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the role, mechanisms and related drug research advances on α4β2-nAChR ligand drugs in neurological diseases, as well as providing a theoretical basis for identifying and developing more suitable α4β2-nAChR-related compounds.