Background Trachoma is a common infectious eye disease,and its incidence is associated with region,economy and sanitary condition.To survey the prevalence status of an area is very important for the prevention and treatment of trachoma.Objective Aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of trachoma in primary and secondary school students of Chifeng Keshiketengqi,and to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of trachoma with age,gender,ethnicity and living environment.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.According to cluster random sampling method,2067 students were drawn from 10 primary and secondary schools,including 1061male and 1006 female.The age of students ranged from 6 to 17 years old,with the average age (12.53 ± 2.31)years.In the taken samples,Han students were 1768,and Mongolian students were 299;the agricultural and pastoral students were 1209,and the urban students were 858.The general life factors associated with trachoma were surveyed by questionnaire.Trachoma was diagnosed and graded based to 1987 WHO Simplified Trachoma Grading Standards.Eye examinations included visual inspection,eyelids,conjunctiva and cornea neovascularization under the slit lamp microscope,and the clinical data were recorded and collected.The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS13.0 software.Results According to the sampling proportion of 10.05％,2153 students were included and 2067 students participated in this study with the response rate 96％.Trachoma was diagnosed in 972 students with a morbidity 47.0％.The prevalence rate of trachoma was increased with the ageing,and a statistically significant difference was seen among the 6-8 years group,9-11 years group,12-14 years group and 15-17 years group (x2 =11.043,P =0.011),and the prevalence of trachomatous infiltration was significantly higher than that of trachomatous folliele (x2=11.493,P＜0.05).The prevalence rate of trachoma in Han and Mongolian students was 45.8％ and 54.5％,showing a significant difference between them (x2 =6.228,P =0.013).In addition,statistically significant differences also were found in the prevalence rate of trachoma between the pastoral areas students and urban students (56.1％ vs.39.7％,x2=30.226,P =0.000),but no significant difference was seen between male and female (47.0％ vs.46.9％,x2 =0.000,P =0.995).Conclusions The trachoma prevalence rate is relatively higher in the primary and secondary students in Chifeng Keshiketeng.These results offer a basis for the prevention and treatment of trachoma.

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; analysis

The marine biological source of mineral drugs recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version) mainly including pearl, nacre, clam shell, common oyster shell, ark shell, cuttle bone, and sea-ear shell are widely used in clinical. Calcium carbonate and a small amount of protein are the main components in this type of drugs. In this paper, a systematical and comparable study were carried out by determination of calcium carbonate by EDTA titration method, the crystal of calcium carbonate by X-Ray powder diffraction and the total amino acids (TAAs) of the hydrolyzed samples by ultraviolet spectrophotometry method. As a result, the crystal structure is calcite for common oyster shell, mixture of calcite and aragonite for nacre and sea-ear shell, aragonite for the other drugs. The content of calcium carbonate ranged from 86% to 96%. Cuttle bone has the highest amount of TAAs among the seven drugs which reached 1.7% while clam shell has the lowest content of 0.16% on average. In conclusion, an effective method was developed for the quality control of marine mineral drugs by comprehensive analysis of calcium carbonate and TAAs in the seven marine mineral drugs.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Animal Shells ; chemistry ; Animals ; Calcium Carbonate ; analysis ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Mollusca ; chemistry ; classification ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seawater ; Species Specificity ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To screen for the miR-155 expression in synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis (RASFs) and osteoarthritis (OASFs) and to evaluate the function of miR-155 on RASFs and its possible target mRNAs. Methods The expression levels of miR-155 in RASFs and OASFs were detected by real-time PCR. MiR-155 mimic and miR-155 inhibitor, as well as scrambled control were transfected into cultured RASFs by Lipofectamine 2000. Forty-eight hours later, MMP-3 levels in the cell culture supernatant were detected by ELISA and fibroblast proliferation was assayed by 3H -TdR incorporation test. Fibroblast invasive ability was tested by transwell system. IKBKE which previously identified as actual target of miR-155 was examined by real-time PCR. Comparisons between groups were performed with t test or one-way ANOVA analysis. Results It was shown that miR-155 was up-regulated in RASFs (1.79 ±1.94) and it was higher than that in OASFst (0.11±0.17), P<0.05]. Up-regulation of miR-155 could decrease MMP-3 levels (P<0.05). The proliferation and invasion of RASFs transfected with miR-155 were both evidently suppressed (P<0.05), while reducing the endogenous miR-155 could significantly enhance RASF proliferation (P<0.05). The expression of IKBKE of RASFs transfected with miR-155 was obviously down-regulated compared to those transfected with the scrambled control (P<0.05). Conclusion miR-155 is up-regulated in RASFs which may be a protective factor against the inflammatory effect, at least partially by attenuating the expression of IKBKK.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fever ; complications ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypergammaglobulinemia ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Male ; Pain ; complications

Objective: To investigate the level of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and possible related factors in the patients with anxiety disorders. Methods: The patients' diagnosis was made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM- ). Thirty-five cases of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 15 cases of panic disorder (PD) and 31 healthy controls (HC group) were recruited at the same time. IU level was assessed by using the Chinese version of Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS). The characteristics of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and body perception were assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Body Perception Questionaire (BPQ), respectively. Results: The IU levels of both GAD group and PD group were significantly higher than those of HC group (P=0.000). There was no significant difference in IU levels between GAD group and PD group (P=0.491). The IU levels of GAD patients were positively correlated with HAMA-somatic anxiety (r=0.377, P=0.025) and BPQ-awareness (r=0.342, P=0.044). Conclusion: The patients with anxiety disorders have elevated IU levels, compared with healthy people. Possibly, somatic anxiety and body perception-awareness are related factors to IU in GAD patients.

Objective: To predict the possible quality markers of ginseng in the treatment of heart failure. Methods: The ginseng chemical information was used to predict its putative targets related to heart failure by TCMIP V2.0 and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The key targets of drug intervention on heart failure were enriched. The interaction network of chemical components-key targets-pathways was constructed to obtain the main components acting on these key targets, which are related to drug efficacy. According to the five principles of quality markers identification, we analyzed the quality markers of ginseng in the treatment of heart failure. Results: A total of 63 key targets were obtained for ginseng in the treatment of heart failure, including 63 putative drug targets and two targets related to disease. ATP1A1 and ADCY2 are the common targets associated with the drug and disease. The common targets of ATP1A1 and ADCY2 may be the key targets of drug acting on disease. The main components of ginseng acting on these common targets were screened out, and then we have determined the possible quality markers of ginseng for the treatment of heart failure based on the five principles of quality markers. Conclusion: We obtained the possible quality markers of ginseng in the treatment of heart failure, including ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rf, and ginsenoside Rb2, which provided the basis for our deeper research of ginseng in the treatment of heart failure.

Objective ① To Screen for the miRNAs differently expressed in the peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by microarray experiments.② To further evaluate the expression of miR-155 in PBMCs of RA.③ To determine the relevance between the expression of miR-155 and clinical as well as laboratory features.④ To test whether inflammatory mediators can induce miR-155 expression in PBMCs of RA.Methods ① Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 5 patients of RA and 5 normal controls.Expression profiling of miRNAs was performed in a microarray analysis.② MiR-155 was identified for further study by stem-loop real-time RT-PCR based on SYBR-Green.PBMC from 26 patients of RA and 23 normal controls were collected.③ Association between miR-155 and the clinical and laboratory features of RA was evaluated.④Induction of miR-155 following stimulation with TNF-α, IFN-γ and LPS of cultures of RA PBMCs was examined by real-time RT-PCR.Statistical analysis was done with student's t test, paired t test, and ANOVA, Spearman correlation.Results ① Expression profiling of miRNAs revealed significant differential expression of 14 miRNAs, of which signal intensity changed over two times.MiR-155 was up-regulated in PBMCs of RA than in normal controls (t=9.218, P=0.001).② The expression level of miR-155 had a positive correlation with serum CRP level (r=0.57, P=0.002).③ Expression of miR-155 was markedly up-regulated in PBMCs of RA after stimulated with TNF-α,IFN-γ and LPS, especially with TNF-α.Conclusions The expression of miR-155 is induced by stimulating with TNF-α, IFN-γ and LPS.MiR-155 may be a regulator in RA pathogenesis.Further studies are required to elucidate the function of miR-155.

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of knowledge related with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in community residents in Shuangjing District,Beijing.Methods 5 communities were randomly selected from 12 communities in Shuangjing District.According to roster,512 residents were selected randomly.Among them,there were 197 males and 315 females with an average age of (64.71±8.22) years.87.9％ of subjects had junior high school culture and over.The awareness rate of knowledge related with VCI was investigated by questionnaires from January 2013 to March 2013.Results Although the awareness rate of knowledge related with vascular dementia was only 36.9％,the awareness rates of symptoms of impairment in memory,orientation,language,execution,calculation,visuospatial and judgement were 43.8％-89.3％.The awareness rates of four outpatient clinics among dementia patients were 21.5％-38.9％,however,the awareness rate of dementia which was not curable was 47.5％.The awareness rates of 5 risk factors for stroke were 54.5％-83.4％,but the awareness rate of cognition impairment caused by hypotension and hypoglycemia was 42.8％ and 43.2％,respectively.About VCI-related preventive knowledge,the awareness rates of VCI population with high risk factors,cognitive abilities screening,and primary prevention were 35.5％-95.5 ％.The main routes taking healthy knowledge were the television and newspapers with the awareness rate of 86.9％ and 60.2％,respectively.85.9％ of subjects agreed that healthy education was helpful to their life qualities.Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship of accumulated points of VCI-related knowledge with gender and education degree (P＜0.05).Conclusions The awareness rates of risk factors,diagnosis and therapy and primary prevention for VCI are lower in Shuangjing community,and the health education about VCI should be strengthened.

Objective To survey the awareness rate of knowledge about vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in community physicians.Methods A questionnaire survey on the awareness of knowledge about VCI was conducted in 87 community physicians from 4 community hospitals in Beijing Chaoyang District from October to December 2012.Among all participants there were 27 males and 60 females with an average age of (39 ± 11) years,85％ (74/87)had college or university degrees,90％ (78/87) held primary or middle-level professional titles,41％ (36/87),of them were internists.Results All participants completed the questionnaire.The awareness rate about minor and major neurocognitive disorder was 39％ (60/87) ; the rates of various causes of dementia were 51％ (44/87)-100％ (87/87) and various symptoms of cognitive impairment were 79％ (69/87)-99 ％ (86/87),respectively.The awareness rate of cognitive impairment as initial symptom displayed in stroke was 54 ％ (47/87).The awareness rates of knowledge related to diagnosis and treatment of dementia were 57％ (50/87)-97％ (84/87) and 80％ (70/87)-100％ (87/87),respectively.The awareness rates about that Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies were not reversed by early treatment were 46％ (40/87)and 37％ (32/87),respectively.The awareness rates of vascular risk factors were 20％ (17/87)-100％ (87/87)and those about the mode of health education were 52％ (45/87)-95 ％ (83/87).There was 36％ (31/87) community physicians who thought that they possessed VCI-related knowledge.Conclusions The results of survey suggest that community physicians shall upgrade their knowledge of diagnosis and treatment for vascular cognitive impairment.