BACKGROUND: Exercise preconditioning can lighten exercise-induced muscle damage, thereby to avoid delayed onset muscle soreness. At present, experimental research is scarce that apply intedeukin-6 (IL-6), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MM) to evaluate skeletal muscle damage.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of exercise precondiUoning on muscle damage at different phases after eccentric exercise and changes of blood IL-6, CK and CK-MM.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized control animal expedmant was carded out in the Animal Laboratory of Chengdu Sports University between 2006 and 2007. MATERIALS: Eighty female adult SD rats, weighing (231.3+12.44) g, were adopted. Eighty rats were randomly divided into without exercise preconditioning group (n=40) and exercise preconditioning group (n=40). Each group was assigned into 5 subsets, termed before exercise, immediately after exercise, 24, 48, 72 hours after exercise, with 8 rats in each subset. METHODS: Except before exercise subset, other rats in the without exercise preconditioning group were forced to do treadmill exercise (19-21 m/min, -16° incline, 90 minutes). All rats of exercise preconditioning group were forced to do eccentric treadmill exercise for two weeks. After two weeks, treadmill test was made for rats except before exercise subset. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Soleus muscle structure, blood IL-6, CK and CK-MM immediately, 24, 48, 72 hours after eccentric exercise.RESULTS: The soleus muscle was damaged after exercise, especially in without exercise preconditioning group at 24-48 hours after exercise. Blood IL-6 of without exercise preconditioning group increased significantly immediately after exercise and then gradually decreased, but again raised at 72 hours after exercise. In the exercise preconditioning group, blood IL-6 slightly reduced immediately after exercise and then gradually increased. Peak value appeared at 48 hours. After exercise, IL-6 of exercise preconditioning group was obviously lower than that of without exercise preconditioning group. Before exercise, serum CK and CK-MM of exercise preconditioning group were less than that of without exercise preconditioning group. After exercise, the CK and CK-MM were firstly raised and then reduced in two groups. Except 72 hours after exercise subset, the variation of CK and CK-MM of exercise preconditioning group was lower than that of without of exercise preconditioning group. CONCLUSION: Exercise preconditioning is redounded to lighten the ultrastructure injury of skeletal muscle induced by eccentric exercise and blood indices changes induced by exercise stress. The individual variation of CK and CK-MM is so tremendous that they fit the comparison of intrasubject variability.

Hematologic Diseases ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Terminology as Topic

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the potential usefulness of a multivariable model, established mainly upon peripheral T-cell subsets, Th1/Th2, T-bet and GATA-3 gene expressions as well as TCM and Western medical diagnostic criteria, in predicting the selection of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) or androgens in treating patients with aplastic anemia (AA).

METHODSPeripheral blood T cell subsets in 85 patients with AA were serially analyzed by flow cytometry before and after treatment, and their T-bet and GATA-3 gene expressions were assessed meantime by Real-time PCR. Then analysis of Logistic regression equation and ROC curves were performed based on the cases responding to IST or androgens.

RESULTS(1) According to the logistic equation and ROC curve of SPSS, setting the false positive rate as 0.10, the P value was 0.832. When P> or =0.832, patients were judged in the immunosuppressive dominant state, IST should be applied; when P<0.832, it means patients in the bone marrow failure dominant state, androgens should be added. (2) A novel theory is raised by the above-mentioned analysis, which indicated that the genesis and development process of AA could be divided in 2 stages, the abnormal immune dominant stage and the bone marrow failure dominant stage. For treatment of patients in the two stages, IST and androgens is the preference respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe multivariable model could be used for indicating which stage the AA patient is in, the abnormal immune stage or the bone marrow failure stage, and thus to guide the proper selection of IST or androgens in clinical practice.

Adult ; Aged ; Androgens ; therapeutic use ; Anemia, Aplastic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Cyclosporine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias in emotional faces of policemen with different trait anxiety levels. Methods: By using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 44 policemen (23 males and 21 females) were included in the higher trait anxiety level group and 44 policemen (25 males and 19 females) were included in the lower trait anxiety level group. The 2 anxiety style ((higher trait anxiety level, lower trait anxiety level) × 2 emotional type (positive, negative) × 2 clue type (identical side, opposite side) hybrid design was used to investigate the attentional bias of the response time differences between the two groups of policemen on keystroke responses of different emotional types and different types of clues by using a dot probe. Results: The positive emotional face reaction of the higher trait anxiety level group was less than that of the negative emotional face reaction[ (638. 0 ± 12. 4) ms vs. (651. 7 ± 13. 1) ms, P ＜ 0. 01], while the lower trait anxiety level police had no statistical significance on the reaction of positive emotional face and negative emotional face (P＞ 0. 05). The clue types in the higher trait anxiety level group were identical side less than opposite side response time [ (640. 3 ± 12. 6) ms vs. (649. 5 ± 13. 0) ms, P ＜ 0. 05], and there was no statistical significance in the lower trait anxiety level group about identical side and opposite side response time (P＞ 0. 05). The clue type in identical side, there was no significant difference in the response of two groups to positive emotional faces and negative emotional faces (P＞ 0. 05); while the clue type in opposite side, the response of higher trait anxiety level group to negative emotional faces was higher than that of positive emotional faces [ (663. 1 ± 9. 8) ms vs. (651. 4 ± 8. 9) ms, P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion: It suggests that the policemen with higher level of trait anxiety have selective attentional bias to negative emotional faces, which induced by impaired attentional disengagement.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of a low dose Qinghuang Powder (QP) combined with Chinese drugs for Shen supplementing and Pi invigorating (CDSSPI) in treatment of hypocellular myelodysplastic syndromes (hypo-MDS).

METHODSTotally 33 hypo-MDS patients enrolled in this study came from outpatient clinics between November 2011 and December 2012. A self-control method was used in this study. Patients took QP (0.4 g per day) combined with CDSSPI (one dose per day), and Stanozolol Tablet (2 mg each time, three times per day), 3 months as one therapeutic course, a total of 2 courses. The clinical efficacy was evaluated timely at the end of each therapeutic course. The venous blood was withdrawn before treatment, at month 3 and 6 after treatment. Changes of neutrophils (ANC), hemoglobin (Hb), and platelet (PLT) were mainly observed.

RESULTSTotally 31 patients in this study finished the treatment. Three months after treatment ANC, Hb, and PLT increased more than before treatment (P < 0.05). Six months after treatment Hb and PLT increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), but with no statistical difference in ANC (P > 0.05). Hb increased higher at month 6 after treatment than at month 3 after treatment (P < 0.01), but with no statistical difference in ANC or PLT (P > 0.05). After 3-month treatment the number of hematologic progress, stability, disease progression were: 13 cases (41.9%), 15 cases (48.4%), and 3 cases (9.7%), respectively; after 6-month treatment the number of hematologic improvement, stability, and disease progression were: 18 cases (58.1%), 7 cases (22.6%), 6 cases (19.3%), respectively. There was no significant difference between 3-month efficacy and 6-month efficacy (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between the efficacy and ages of hypo-MDS patients or the efficacy and courses of hypo-MDS patients (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSA low dose QP combined with CDSSPI showed confirmative efficacy in treatment of hypo-MDS. But the efficacy had little correlation with ages and courses of hypo-MDS patients.

Arsenicals ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; drug therapy ; Neutrophils ; Phytotherapy ; methods

Objective To assess the prevalence of HIV and risky sexual behaviors among university students who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods MSM students in the universities were mainly recruited via internet.Questionnaires were self-administered to collect social demographic information and AIDS-related risky sexual behaviors.After completing the questionnaire,blood sample was collected to determine HIV infection through serological testing.X2 test and logistic regression were employed for univariate and multivariate analysis,respectively.Results A total of 157 students were recruited with mean age of 22.7±2.8 years old,12.1%of them were minorities and 77.7% were self-identified as homosexual.98.1% had engaged in anal intercourse(AI)in their lifetime and 73.9%reported that AI was common sexual behavior they often practised.In the past 6 months,58.6% had ever had unprotected anal intercourse(UAI),58.0% never used condoms during oral intercourse,and 59.2% had multiple sex partners(≥2).Nearly half of them believed that they were at low or no risk of contracting HIV and the prevalence of HIV infection was 2.5%.Data from logistic regression analysis showed that ever having had sex with a casual partner in a lifetime (OR=13.10).understanding that serving an insertive role had less risk than being receptive during the AI (OR=3.37),and ever having been to a gay bar(OR=2.49)was independently related to having multiple sex partners in the past 6 months.Conclusion Despite the extensive programs on education,behaviors regarding UAI and ever having had multiple sex partners were silll commonly seen among university MSM students.Interventions were needed to prevent HIV transmission in this population.

OBJECTIVETo explore the prognostic factors for very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA) patients treated mainly with Chinese Kidney (Shen)-invigorating drugs (CKID) combined with anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) or anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG).

METHODSTwenty-seven VSAA patients were treated with CSID+ALG/ATG therapy in conjunction with cyclosporine A, androgen, hemopoietic growth factor, etc. The relationship of the effectiveness and some factors (age of patients, course of illness, blood and bone marrow figures, etc.) were analyzed.

RESULTSIn the 25 evaluated VSAA patients who had been followed up for over 1 year, 9 patients (36.0%) were basically cured, 5 (20.0%) remitted, 6 (24.0%) were markedly improved, and 5 (20.0%) were treated in vain, with the total effective rate of treatment being 80.0% (20/25). Better clinical therapeutic effects were shown in patients newly diagnosed with VSAA, of male sex (P=0.037), >20 years old (P=0.045), with an illness course [Symbol: see text] month (P=0.048), with peripheral neutrophil count >0.1 × 10(9)/L (P=0.023), and with reticulocyte count >10 × 10(9)/L (P=0.002). Platelet count (P=0.620) and bone marrow lymphocyte percentage (P=0.736) showed no correlation with the therapeutic effectiveness. Multi-factor analysis by the Kaplan-Meier procedure on the factors influencing survival showed that rather longer survival times occurred in patients > 20 years old, with peripheral neutrophil count [Symbol: see text] 0.1 × 10(9)/L, reticulocyte count [Symbol: see text]10 × 10(9)/L, and platelet count > 10 × 10(9)/L (all P=0.0001). Bone marrow lymphocyte percentage and the initiation time of ALG/ATG application (from onset of the illness) showed no significant influence on patients' survival time (P=0.085 and P=0.935, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSCSKD+ALG/ATG therapy for treatment of VSAA could enhance the current clinical therapeutic effects and elevate patients' survival rate. Conditions including male sex, age >20 years, illness course [Symbol: see text]1 month, neutrophil count >0.1 × 10(9)/L, and reticulocyte count >10 × 10(9)/L are the likely effective indices for predicting favorable therapeutic effectiveness in newly diagnosed VSAA patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Animals ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Horses ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis ; Sus scrofa ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of the first eight pilot methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in China.

METHODSA questionnaire survey of the clients at the 8 pilot MMT clinics was performed at entry, 6 month and 12 month follow-up. Drug using behaviors, drug related crime behaviors, and relationships in families were compared among at entry, 6 and 12 months follow-up.

RESULTSThere were 585, 609 and 468 clients involved at baseline, 6 month and 12 month follow-up surveys, respectively. At entry, 6 month and 12 month follow-up, the proportion of clients whose injection of drugs reduced from 69.1% to 8.9% and 8.8%, and the frequency of injection in the past month had reduced from 90 times per month to 2 times per month. Employment rate increased from 22.9% to 43.2% and 40.6%, and self-reported criminal behaviors reduced from 20.7% to 3.6% and 3.8%. At 12 month follow-up, 65.8% of clients reported a healthy family relationship, increased from 46.8% at entry, 95.9% of clients reported that they were satisfied with the MMT service.

CONCLUSIONPilot MMT program reduced drug use, drug injecting behaviors, drug related criminal behaviors, and improved relationship with family members. Therefore, MMT clinic should be considered as a platform for providing comprehensive services to drug users.

Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid ; administration & dosage ; China ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methadone ; administration & dosage ; Opioid-Related Disorders ; rehabilitation ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; methods ; Program Evaluation ; methods ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; organization & administration ; standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The most common symptoms of pheochromocytoma are paroxysmal or sustained hypertension, or symptoms of paroxysmal adrenergic stimulation such as palpitation, headache, and diaphoresis. These patients can on rare occasion reveal or be complicated with cardiovascular symptoms such as arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, acute coronary syndrome and cardiogenic shock. These cardiac manifestations of pheochromocytoma may delay the diagnosis, which can cause a catastrophic outcome. A pheochromocytoma crisis is provoked by surgery, anesthesia, exercise and, several drugs and it is known to be an endocrine emergency with mortality as high as 85%. Many classes of drugs are well known to precipitate adverse reactions, but the presentation of pheochromocytoma after the administration of steroid has rarely been reported. We report here on a case of pheochromocytoma crisis with acute myocardial infarction after the patient took prednisolone. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanism of glucocorticoid induced crisis and myocardial infarction in pheochromocytoma patients.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Anesthesia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cardiomyopathies ; Emergencies ; Glucocorticoids ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pheochromocytoma ; Prednisolone ; Shock, Cardiogenic

The aim was to investigate the immunophenotypes of NK series leukemia. Immunophenotypes of 297 cases of acute leukemia (AL) were measured by flow cytometry, and these immucopenotypic features were analyzed. The results showed that 43 out of 297 cases of AL (14.5%) were CD56 positive. 6 cases were NK series leukemia and 37 cases were acute myelogenous leukemia with CD56 expressed. One patient has been diagnosed as myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukemia, two patients were blastic NK cell leukemia, one was supposed to be NK-like T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, while another one was large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLL). It is concluded that almost all of CD56 positive leukemia were acute myelogenous leukemia with CD56 expressed. The immunophenotypes of NK series leukemia were antigens from hematopoietic stem cells to T/NK progenitor cells with meyloid antigen positive, and through NK progenitors to mature NK cells. The immunophenotypes of heterogeneous NK leukemia cells are different, that should be carefully distinguished.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology