BACKGROUND: Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has brought about a paradigm shift in medical practice. However, evidence in peer-reviewed medical journals is inaccessible to a lay person for whom the newspaper is the most accessible source of information. This study aims to determine if medical news articles (MNAs) in leading local newspapers in the Philippines are based on good evidence.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize MNAs based on: (1) references cited and their level of evidence as appraised by authors and two independent EBM experts; (2) use of clinical outcomes; (3) mention of treatment beneft and potential harm in measurable terms; (4) mention of cost of treatment; and (5) disclosure of pharmaceutical industry support.

METHODS: MNAs on non-surgical prevention and treatment of adult diseases from January to June 2002 in three leading local Philippine newspapers were appraised. MNAs on diagnosis, pediatric and surgical treatments, multiple treatment modalities, columns were excluded. References were assessed independently by two EBM experts; diferences were resolved by consensus.

RESULTS: The fve conditions most frequently reported on were: diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, arthritis and hypertension. Of 113 MNAs, 94 (83%) cited references4 were medical journal articles, 34 (63%) of which were based on good quality evidence. Out of the 94 MNAs, 51 (54%) reported clinical endpoints, 31 (33%) quantifed beneft, 21 (22%) cited potential harm, 22 (23%) disclosed industry support, and 4 (4%) mentioned cost of treatment. None of the MNA authors mentioned critically appraising their references.

CONCLUSION: The 113 MNAs published in three leading local newspapers in the Philippines during the six-month period showed shortcomings in providing information to beneft the public. EBM awareness among journalists and studies covering a longer period and a broader line of the print media are recommended.

Disclosure ; Consensus ; Philippines ; Medical Writing ; Drug Industry ; Mass Media ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hypertension ; Coronary Disease ; Evidence-based Medicine ; Arthritis ; Neoplasms

Objectives: The highly polymorphic nature of the CYP2D6 gene and its central role in the metabolism of commonly used drugs make it an ideal candidate for pharmacogenetic screening. This study aims to determine the prevalence of CYP2D6 polymorphisms among Filipinos and their association to lung cancer. Method: Forty seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CYP2D6 gene were genotyped from DNA samples of 115 cases with lung cancer and age- and sex-matched 115 controls. Results: Results show that 18 out of 47 polymorphisms have significant genotypic variability (>1% for at least 2 genotypes). No variant is associated with lung cancer. However, rs1135840, rs16947 and rs28360521, were found to be highly variable among Filipinos. Conclusion This study demonstrated that CYP2D6 polymorphisms are present among Filipinos, which, although not found to be associated with lung cancer, can be useful biomarkers for future pharmacogenetic studies. The SNP rs16947 is found to be associated with cancer and timolol-induced bradycardia; the SNP rs1135840, on the other hand, is only shown to be linked with cancer. The genetic variant rs28360521 is known to be associated with low-dose aspirin-induced lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Pharmacogenetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Lung Neoplasms ; Biomarkers