Our observation was done with conjunctival microcirculation, pulmona-ry rheography and renal rheography in 20 cases with acute glomerulonephri-tis. High resistance of pulmonary rheography was observed and ischemicchanges were found in renal rheography when spasm of the conjunctivalarterioles appeared in 20 cases. 58. 7% of 29 patients were abnormal duringradiorenographic examination. Most cases showed damage to both kidneys,indicating the kidney disfunctioning caus ed by renal circulatory disorderswhen patients were suffering from nephritis. Changes seen in conjunctival microcirculation, rheography and radio-renography were consistently abnormal at the acute stage. At the convalesc-ent stage, however, improvement to different degrees was gained. Therefore,these laboratory studies can be used as index for the selection of vasodila-tor drugs and for the justification of the prognosis of the disease.

In order to clinically differentiate the pulmonary hypertention stage and the heart failure stage in infants with pneumonia, RPEP/RVET and RPEP/T were used as an objective standard for observing the clinical manifestations of these two stages. Many different clinical features were found which would help the physician to select a suitable time to use vasodilator drugs.

OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristic of nosocomial infection and formulate the effective measures of nosocomial infection management. METHODS According to the underlying disease condition and method ICD10,the infection data were to classifed and colleced which including of 160 795 cases during 2003-2006.Then the prospective and retrospective investigation were done for studying the nosocomial infection condition. RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate was 4.69%. The highest infection rate was caused by hematological disease (15.43%). By site of infection the upper respiratory infection rate was 35.34%,the lower respiratory infection rate was 28.22%,the gastrointestinal infection rate was 6.82%,and the intra-abdominal infection was 3.75%. In these infection cases,G-bacteria infection occupied 58.35% (which ranked No.1 in all pathogens),and the fungal infection occupied 17.09%. CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce the infection rate,we must enhance the work of preventing the key diseases,standard the measures of disinfection and isolation,increaseing the quarantine inspection rate and applying antibiotic according to the results of antifugal susceptibility testing.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Feixin Decoction(Astragali Radix,Pericae Semen,Carthami Flos,Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,etc.)on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)rats based on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ/nuclear factor-κB(PPAR-γ/NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Sildenafil group(0.025 g·kg-1)and low-,medium-and high-dose of Feixin Decoction groups(11.7,23.4,46.8 g·kg-1).PAH rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline solution(60 mg·kg-1).After 1 hour of modeling,the rats were given intragastric administration once a day for 28 days.Hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters including right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP),mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI),pulmonary artery acceleration time(PAAT),pulmonary artery ejection time(PET),tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE),right ventricular internal diameter(RVIDd)and right ventricular anterior wall thickness(RVAWT)were measured in each group.The pathological changes of pulmonary arterioles were observed by HE staining.The expression level of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in rat pulmonary artery was detected by immunofluorescence.The levels of plasma interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by ELISA.The expression levels of PPAR-γ/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the RVSP,mPAP,RVHI,RVIDd and RVAWT of the model group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).PAAT,PAAT/PET and TAPSE were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The wall of pulmonary arterioles was significantly thickened,and the percentage of wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles to vascular diameter and the percentage of vascular wall area to total cross-sectional area of pulmonary arterioles were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The positive expression rate of α-SMA protein in pulmonary artery was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The levels of plasma IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The positive expression rate of PPAR-γ protein in lung tissue was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the positive expression rate of NF-κB protein was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The protein expressions of PPAR-γ and IκB-α in lung tissue were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01).The protein expression ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB was significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,RVSP,mPAP,RVHI,RVIDd and RVAWT in each administration group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while PAAT,PAAT/PET and TAPSE were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The thickness of the vascular wall was significantly reduced,and the percentage of the wall thickness of the pulmonary arterioles to the diameter of the blood vessels and the percentage of the vascular wall area to the total cross-sectional area of the small arteries were significantly reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The positive expression rate of α-SMA protein in pulmonary artery was significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The plasma levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The positive expression rate of PPAR-γ protein in lung tissue was significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the positive expression rate of NF-κB protein was significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The protein expression of PPAR-γ in lung tissue was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the protein expression ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The protein expression of IκB-α in the lung tissue of rats in the high-dose group of Feixin Decoction was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01).Conclusion Feixin Decoction can improve pulmonary artery pressure,right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH rats induced by monocrotaline.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of PPAR-γ/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit inflammatory response.

Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a progressive pulmonary vascular disease that can lead to right heart failure and death.In recent years,the incidence of PH has been increasing year by year and there is a lack of effective treatment.TCM can play an important synergistic role in the treatment of PH.Pulmonary vascular remodeling is a core pathological feature of PH,which is closely related to the physiological structure and pathological changes of the collaterals.Based on the collateral disease theory,this article described the key pathogenesis of PH in TCM and Western medicine,including the lesions of the pulmonary and cardiovascular complexes and pulmonary vascular remodeling,analyzed the physiology of the"collateral-vessel"in PH,sorting out the pathological correlation,and explored TCM targeting pulmonary vascular remodeling in the identification and treatment of PH,so as to provide a new way of thinking for the clinical treatment of PH.