Objective To study the ability of standard strain and clinical isolates of Ureaplasma spp. to form biofilms in vitro and to compare the antibiotic susceptibility of sessile cells and their planktonic counterparts. Methods A total of 21 Ureaplasma wealyticum(Uu) isolates recovered from female patients diagnosed with cervicitis and Uu serovar 3 and Uu serovar 8( Uu3, Uu8) were included. Scanning electron microscope and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to identify biofilm formation. Conventional antibiotic susceptibility tests and biofilm susceptibility assays for tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were carried out. The paired rank sum test and was applied to analyze the statistical differences between the MIC and the minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration. The x2 test was applied to analyze the statistical differences of global resistance percentages between planktonic cells and sessile cells. Results Uu3, Uu8 and 21 Uu isolates all can form biofilms in vitro. Minimal inhibitory concentration of sessile cells compared with planktonic cells were obviously higher for tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin (P <0.001). Global resistance percentages between planktonic cells and sessile cells were different for erythromycin (9.52% vs 61.90% , P < 0. 001), ciprofloxacin ( 80. 95% vs 100% , P = 0. 035 ) and tetracycline (4. 76% vs 14.29% , P =0.293). Conclusion Uu isolates and Uu1, Uu8 all can form biofilms in vitro, and biofilm formation can strengthen resistance of Uu to antibiotics, even multidrug resistance was observed.

Objective To elucidate the molecular basis for induced resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone in vitro. Methods The reference strain ATCC49226 and clinical isolate ZSSY00205 of N. gon-orrhoeae were exposed to subinhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone for the induction of resistance. Then,suppression subtractive hybridization was performed with the pre-induction parent strains as drivers and post-induction mutant strains as testers to create a subtractive cDNA library. Following that, a total of 192 clones were randomly selected from the library, and arrayed by spotting onto nylon membranes. Finally, dif-ferentially expressed genes were screened by hybridization with labeled-RsaI restriction fragments from the sensitive and resistant N.gonorrhoeae strains respectively, and analyzed by sequencing and homology research using Blast program. Results A subtractive library for these resistant N.gonorrhoeae strains was generated by SSH technique. Microarray analysis and homology research confirmed 5 genes related to ceftriaxone resistance, i.e. mtrR, mtrC, gyrB, rpsJ and PJD1. Conclusions The induced resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone may be associated with mtrR, mtrC, gyrB, rpsJ and PJD1 genes which probably mediate the resistance by enhancing the activity of efflux pump system.

Objective To develop a portbable incubator for on-site cultivation of microorganisms in foods and drinking water.Methods Cultivation temperature was set as required by the temperature for various microorganisms and PID was controlled via the single chip microcomputer and configuration screen .Then, the framework of the incubator was designed and assembled.Finally, the cultivation effect was tested .Results The incubator was compact and portable .The deviation of the temperature was in the range of 1℃.The hold time of self-contained power could exceed 8 h.In addition, the cultivation effect of our fabricated incubator was not significantly different from that of the commercial electro-heating standing-temperature cultivator used in laboratories .Conclusion The incubator is suitable for on-site detection of microorganisms in foods and drinking water , which is significant for spotting and removing the hidden dangers from microorganism contaminations in foods and drinking water in order to protect the health of soldiers .

Objective To explore the difference of the clinical manifestations between the elderly and non-elderly patients with non-massive pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and the significance of D-dimer in the diagnosis of PTE and its dynamic change after anticoagulant therapy.Methods The clinical manifestations of 83 cases with PTE were retrospectively analysed and divided into two groups:39 elderly and 44 non-elderly.The dynamic changing of D-dimer content was determined by immunoturbidimetry(ITM) method before and 3 d after anticoagulant therapy in the two groups.Results There were no significant statistical differences in the incidence of the main symptoms:dyspnea,cough,emptysis,syncope,palpitations between the elderly and the non-elderly (x2 =2.74,0.06,0.10,0.49,0.01,P＞0.05) except for the incidence of chest pain [14 cases (35.9 ％) vs.30 cases (68.2 ％),x2 =4.95,P ＜ 0.05].No differences were found in the the main signs:shortness of breath,tachycardia,accentuation or split of second pulmonary valve sound,cyanosis,and engorgement of neck veins between the two groups (x2 =2.60,0.03,0.61,0.06,0.33,0.11,P＞0.05).D-dimer content was lower in the elderly than in the non-elderly [(1.89±1.21) mg/L vs.(4.93±3.88) mg/L,Z=-2.55,P=0.01] before anticoagulant therapy.But there was no difference in D -dimer content between the two groups 3 d after anticoagulant therapy [( 1.28 ±1.11) mg/L vs.(2.09±2.22) mg/L,Z=-7.07,P=0.50].The decreasing level of D-dimer was less prominent in the elderly than in the non-elderly [(0.61±1.01) mg/Lvs.(2.84±2.95) mg/L,Z=-3.54,P=0.001].Conclusions The main clinical manifestations are similar between the elderly and non-elderly with non-massive PTE,but the incidence of chest pain is less in the elderly than in the non-elderly.The content of D-dimer is lower in the elderly than non-elderly after PTE and its decrements are less prominent in the elderly than the non-elderly after anticoagulant therapy.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of combined detection of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP),thymidine kinase 1(TK1)and secreted protein Dickkopf-1(DKK1)in patients with primary liver cancer(PHC).Methods 85 patients with PHC admitted to the hospital from August 2015 to October 2016 were selected as PHC group,and 73 patients with benign liver disease as benign liver disease group,and 80 ca-ses healthy subjects as the control group.The serum levels of AFP,TK1 and DKK1 were detected in three groups,and the differences in each group were compored,and the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy were calcuated.The diagnostic value of each index was analyzed by logistic regression.Results The serum AFP,TK1 and DKK1 levels in PHC group were signifi-cantly higher than those in benign liver disease group and control group(P<0.05),the serum AFP TK1 and DKK1 levles in benign liver disease group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05);the sensitivity,accuracy and negative predictive value of AFP + TK1+ DKK1 joint detection were sig-nificantly higher than that in the single index detection(P<0.05);Logistic regression analysis showed that AFP,TK1 and DKK1 were closely correlated with the diagnosis of PHC(P<0.05).Conclusion The com-bined detection of serum AFP,TK1 and DKK1 can significantly improve PHC positive diagnosis rate,which is of great significance for clinical early diagnosis and effective treatment,and is worth popularizing.