Objective To study the characteristics of CT images of myocardial bridge(MB)in patients with atherosclerosis.Methods CTA images of MB in 129 patients with atherosclerosis were studied.Another 109 patients without atherosclerosis,in the diagnosis of MB were used as control.The type,age,thickness of MB,length of mural coronary artery and end systolic diameter of mural coronary artery were compared between the two groups.Results In the study group,78 cases (60.5%)were superficial type,51(39.5%) were deep type.While in the control group,70(64%)cases were superficial type and 39(36%)were deep type.There was no significant difference between the two groups.The age,thickness of MB,length of mural coronary artery and end systolic diameter of mural coronary artery in each group were 57.01±10.17 years old,(3.15±1.66)mm,(20.43±7.38)mm,(1.16±0.25)mm and 48.36±9.11 years old,(1.95±1.77)mm,(21.07±6.69)mm,(2.07±0.81)mm.These parameters had significant differences between the two groups except the length of mural coronary artery (P>0.05).Conclusion The MB of the study group is thicker than the control group,and the mural coronary artery diameter of the former is narrower than that of the latter.

Objective To analyze the CTA features of asymptomatic myocardial bridge.Methods The CTA images of 69 cases with asymptomatic solitary myocardial bridge were studied retrospectively, and CTA images of 60 cases with symptoms as the contrast group.The type, age, thickness of myocardial bridge, mural coronary artery length and diameter changes of each cases of two groups were analyzed.Results In the study group, 51 cases of 69 (74%) were superficial style, while 18 cases were deep type (26%).In the contrast group, the superficial and deep style were 13 (22%) and 47 (78%) respectively.The mean age,thickness of myocardial bridge,mural coronary artery length and the diameter of mural coronary artery were (53.01±11.17) years old,(1.25±1.16) mm,(21.33±7.32) mm,(2.86±0.45) mm and (51.36±9.31) years old,(1.45±1.87) mm,(20.07±6.60) mm and (1.37±0.41) mm.The rate of type and diameter of mural coronary artery had significant differences between two groups (P<0.05), while other data had no significant differences (P>0.05).Conclusion The CTA features of asymptomatic myocardial bridge are mostly superficial type.The diameter of mural coronary artery on the end systolic is a factor to judge the rate on the occurrence of clinical symptom.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of adiponectin -11 ,377C> G gene and the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods A total of 126 CHD patients and 130 healthy controls were enrolled and the frequency of each genotypes and allele gene of adiponectin -11 ,377C > G were detected by polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results (1) The adiponectin gene -11,377C > G sites existed gene polymorphism and the three genotypes were GG, CG and CC. (2) There was statistical difference between CHD group and control group; The G allele frequency of CHD group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05); The frequency of the C allele gene in CHD group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). (3) There was no statistical difference of frequency distribution of each genotype and allele gene of adiponectin -11,377C > G between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group and stable angina group . ( 4 ) The risk of CHD were increased in CHD patients with G allele gene of adiponectin-11,377C > G (P < 0.05). Conclusions The polymorphism of adiponectin -11,377C > G is associated with the increased risk of CHD. The increased G allele gene frequency may represent the increased risk of CHD.

Objective: To study the characteristics of coronary CT angiography (CTA) in patients with myocardial bridge (MB) with arrhythmia. Methods: Our study included 2 groups: MB+arrhythmia group,n=31, clinical information as medical record, electrocardiogram (ECG), myocardial enzyme, echocardiography and coronary CTA findings were collected; MB group, n=30, the MB patients were without arrhythmia. Results: In MB+arrhythmia group, all patients were with mere MB, coronary artery disease, valve-structural heart diseases and other systemic diseases were excluded. There were 2/31 patients with ventricular fibrillation, 1 with atrial fibrillation, 5 with supraventricular tachycardia and 23 with ventricular tachycardia; 17/31 patients having deep type MB and 14 having superficial type MB. The myocardial systolic end diameter, diastolic end diameter by retrospective ECG gating and the stenosis at cross section of mural coronary MB by CTA were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05. Conclusion: MB+arrhythmia patients had no specific characteristics in coronary CTA; anatomical CTA feature may partly explain the myocardial ischemic symptom while couldn't clarify arrhythmia occurrence in relevant patients.

Objective To investigate the changeof plasmadiponectin and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretipeptide (NT-proBNP) levelin the patientwith differentypeof atrial fibrillation (Af) .MethodTwo hundred and thirty-fouresearch sub-jectwere divided into 4 group:sinurhythm group (n= 70) ,paroxysmal Af group (n=52) ,permanenAf group (n=62) and control group (n=50) .The plasmadiponectin level wameasured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbenassay (ELISA) and the NT-proBNP level wadetected by chemiluminescence .4 groupwere comparable in age ,gende,body masindex and basidisea-se.ResultThe NT-proBNP level in the paroxysmal Af group and the permanenAf group wasignificantly increased compared with the sinurhythm group and the control group ,the difference wastatistically significan(P＜0 .05) ,buthe difference be-tween the sinurhythm group and the control group had no statistical significance (P＞0 .05) .The NT-proBNP level in the perma-nenAf group wasignificantly increased compared with the paroxysmal Af group (P＜0 .05) .Compared with control group ,the adiponectin level in the sinurhythm group wasignificantly decreased (P＜0 .05) ,which in the paroxysmal Af group and the per-manenAf group wasignificantly increased compared with the sinurhythm group and the control group ,the difference wastatis-tically significan(P＜0 .05) .The adiponectin level in the permanenAf group wasignificantly increased compared with the parox-ysmal Af group (P＜0 .05) .Conclusion The adiponectin level could be related with the repeated occurrence of permanen Af .

Objective: To examine the effect of chronic exposure to sodium arsenite on liver damages in rats. Methods: Fifty-six healthy adult SD rats (28 males and 28 females) were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were given sodium arsenite solutions at doses of 2, 10 and 50 mg/L for successive 24 weeks, while animals in the control group were given deionized water. The rat body and liver weights were measured and the liver coefficient was estimated. The urine arsenic level was detected using atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and hepatic tissue sections were stained with uranium acetate and lead citrate for morphological observations under an electron microscope. Results: The body weights of both male and female rats appeared a tendency towards a rise with the duration of exposure to sodium arsenite (male rat: Wald χ2=3 610.621, P<0.001; female rat: Wald χ2=2 186.217, P<0.001, and there were no significant differences in the rat body weight 24 weeks post-exposure to sodium arsenite in each group, while there was an interaction between time and group (male rat: Wald χ2=15.874, P=0.001; Wald χ2=9.460, P=0.024). There were significant differences in the rat liver weight and liver coefficient in each group (male rat: F=18.964 and 29.968, both P<0.001; female rat: F=11.919 and 15.070, both P<0.001), with the lowest liver weight (10.17±1.15) g and liver coefficient (1.99±0.21)% measured in male rats in the high-dose group, and the highest liver weight (12.91±1.29) g and liver coefficient (4.10±0.56)% in female rats in the high-dose group. The median urine arsenic levels (interquartile range) were 25.60 (30.27), 146.56 (101.06), 1 034.68 (600.06) and 3 796.98 (19 966.89) μg/L in rats in the control, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups, respectively (χ2=50.211, P<0.001), and the urine arsenic level was significantly higher in the medium- and high-dose groups than in the control group (both P<0.001). Hepatic edema was seen in rats in the low- and medium-dose groups, and hepatic edema, focal hepatic cell necrosis, hyperplasia of bile capillaries and peri-bile capillary endolysis were observed in rats in the high-dose group. Conclusions Chronic exposure to arsenic may cause morphological alterations of rat hepatic tissues, and the rat hepatic damage aggravates with the dose of exposure to arsenic.

The attenuated Chinese equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine is the first lentiviral vaccine that provides solid protective immunities to vaccinated horses. To investigate properties of EIAV vaccine, especially the relationship between its replication and the immunity, viral plasma loads of an EIAV vaccine strain EIAVFDDV in immune suppressed horses were detected. Three horses, which were immunized with EIAVFDDV for 16 months, were treated with dexamethasone for 14 days to suppress their immunities. Reduced immune response in these animals was confirmed by significantly declined lymphocyte proliferation rate detected after 10 days of the drug treatment. The plasma viral loads of EIAVFDDV, which was indicated by the genomic RNA copy numbers, in horses before and after the treatment of dexamethasone were monitored by real time RT-PCR. Results revealed that the viral plasma loads in two of three immune-suppressed horses were kept a steady low level around 103～ 104 copies/ml. The load was increased by 10 folds in the third horse, but was still among the standard levels for EIAVFDDV vaccinated horses. As a positive control, the viral copy number of an asymptomatic carrier of EIAV virulent strain EIAVLiao was jumped nearly 25 000-fold higher after being treated with dexamethasone. The typical clinical symptoms of EIA, characterized by febrile episodes and thrombocytopenia, were also appeared in this horse. These results clearly indicate that it is the unique biological feature of the attenuated EIAV vaccine, but not the immunity, resulted in EIAVFDDV remaining in low levels in the body harmlessly. In addition, the steady low level of viremia and the inability to cause clinical symptoms of EIAVFDDV in immune-suppressed hosts further demonstrated the safety of attenuated Chinese EIAV vaccines. The data provide a new sight for studies on the immunity to lentiviruses.

Objective:To investigate the related factors and prognosis of invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome (IKLAS). Methods:The in-patients diagnosed with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2015 to February 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into IKLAS group and non-IKLAS group according to whether they had IKLAS or not. The clinical data between the two groups were compared, including the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the details of liver abscess, clinical symptoms such as fever and abdominal pain, as well as laboratory tests such as glycosylated hemoglobin and hemoglobin. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test or independent sample t test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of IKLAS. Results:A total of 75 patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess were enrolled, including 55 patients (73.33%) in the IKLAS group and 20 patients (26.67%) in the non-IKLAS group. Fifty-two point seven three percent (29/55) of the patients had diabetes mellitus and 12.73%(7/55) of the patients had abdominal pain in the IKLAS group, which were 20.00%(4/20) and 45.00%(9/20) in the non-IKLAS group, respectively, and the differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=6.38 and 7.28, respectively, both P<0.05). Most of liver abscesses were single (50/75, 66.67%), and more likely to occur in the right liver (50/75, 66.67%). The maximum diameter of liver abscess in the IKLAS group was (4.58±2.04) cm, which was smaller than that in the non-IKLAS group ((6.49±3.11) cm), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.82, P=0.011). Compared with those in the non-IKLAS group, patients in the IKLAS group had higher glycosylated hemoglobin (8.69%±2.64% vs 6.18%±1.31%) and hemoglobin ((112.25±22.04) g/L vs (100.05±18.59) g/L), and the differences were both statistically significant ( t=-4.25 and -2.21, respectively, both P<0.05). The proportion of patients using antibiotics combined with abscess drainage in the IKLAS group was 38.18%(21/55), and that in the non-IKLAS group was 85.00%(17/20). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=12.86, P<0.001). A total of 16 patients (21 eyes) were diagnosed as endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis (EKPE), and all of them were IKLAS patients, and 14 patients underwent monocular/binocular eyeball injection and/or vitrectomy and silicone oil filling. The visual acuity of 13 patients decreased significantly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that complicated with diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for IKLAS (odds ratio ( OR)=5.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01 to 25.03, P=0.049). The large diameter of liver abscess was a protective factor for IKLAS ( OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.86, P=0.003). Conclusions:The patients with IKLAS have less abdominal pain, and most of them complicate with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of IKLAS, while the large diameter of liver abscess is a protective factor. EKPE is associated with poor visual prognosis.

Objective Analyze the distribution and influencing factors of inpatients with extra-long hospital stay in Hubei Province. Methods Length of stay≥30 days was defined as the extra-long hospital stay, and logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors. Results There were 26 043 cases with extra-long hospital stay, which accounting for 2.88% of the total cases. Proportion of extra-long hospital stay was increased with age, the proportion of the group aged 65 and above was the highest (3.25%), and which were higher in males than that of females, the sex ratio was 1.58. Patients with extra-long hospital stay mainly had injury/poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (16.88%), circulatory system disease (12.72%), neoplasms (11.23%), genitourinary system diseases (8.13%), mental and behavioral disorders (6.27%), and the proportion totaled up to 52.23%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, age, type of disease, surgery or not and hospital grade were the influencing factors of extra-long hospital stay. Conclusions There are differences in the distribution of extra-long hospital stay in different individuals, diseases and medical treatment, targeted measures should be taken to shorten the length of stay.