To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism .SVS APEX excimer laser with a wave length of 193 nm(Sumit Technology Inc. Waltham, Mass, USA) was applied. 316 myopic eyes of 168 patients were treated with PRK between September, 1996 and October, 1997, and 260 eyes (84%) of 150 patients were followed for more than three months, including male 68(116 eyes, 40.1%) and female 82(144 eyes, 59.9%). The preoperative spherical equivalent refractive errors ranged from -1.25D to -10.00 (mean -4.67±1.63D), and astigmatism ranged from 0 to -2.00D (means -0.33±0.45D). We divided the patients into two groups according to the referaction: group A (from -1.25D to -5.90D) and group B(from -6.00 to -10.00D). The number of eyes in the two groups were 220 and 40 respectively. In group A, on the 10th day, 68.9% has the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) equal to or one line better or lower than the preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). In 1,3,6 and 12 months, 90%, 96%, 95% and 94% had the UCVA equal to or one line better or lower than the preoperative BCVA respectively. In group B, on the 10 th day, in 1,3,6 and 12 months, UCVA equal to or one line better or lower than the preoperative BCVA occurred in 35.9%, 83%, 87%, 86%, and 84% of the cases respectively. Most of the haze showed 0.5～1 grades except 3 eyes with the haze of 2 grade in 3 or 6 months and it changed to 1 and 0.5 grade respectively within one year. In 10 days and 1,3,6,12 months postoperatively, the corneal haze was noted in 32.9%, 84.8%, 62.8%,9.0% and 2.8% of the treated eyes respectively. We found that 193 nm excimer laser PRK was a predictable, safe, stable, and effective refractive surgery for correcting myopia up to -10.00D in Chinese patients, and the effect was better in myopia lower than -6.00D.

Objective:We aimed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in women. Methods:The clinical data of 1,034 female patients with thyroid nodules between January 2003 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were from Yunnan Province, China. A database was established in Excel. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted by using SPSS 17.0. Results:Female patients with DTC were younger than those with thyroid nodule disease or benign thyroid disease (BTD). The results of univariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the preoperative mean level of serum thyrotropin was higher in patients with DTC than in patients with BTD (P=0.034). The positive ratios of thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), and thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) were higher in patients with DTC than in patients with BTD (P<0.001). The positive ratio of the coexistence of DTC with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT;13.3%) or with lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT;4.2%) was higher in patients with DTC than in patients with BTD and HT/LT (P<0.001). The ratio of the patients whose age of menarche was≤13 years, with≤2 of births, or were in pre-menopausal condition in the DTC group was higher than that in the BTD group. The results of multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that age<45 years, nodal size<1 cm, and thyroglobulin increase were protective factors of DTC with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.06, 0.377, and 0.431, respectively. An abnormal increase in TGAb and TRAb was an independent risk factor of female patients with DTC with ORs of 4.949 and 23.001, respectively. Conclusion:Female patients aged 35 years to 44 years and with thyroid nodules were included in a high-risk group of DTC. Serous thyroid-stimulating hormone 1evel and coexistence with HT were positively correlated with the risk of DTC in females. Early menarche, late menopause, and low number of births were associated with the incidence of DTC in females. Age<45 years, nodal diameter<1 cm, and increase in thyroglobulin were protective factors of DTC in female. An abnormal increase in TGAb and TRAb was an independent risk factor of female DTC.

Objective　To evaluate whether the stimulation on eyes of bendazac lysine eyedrops could be reduced by cold storage.Methods　 Mate design scheme and double-blind clinical trial were performed. 160 healthy eyes was divided into two groups: the test group was given bendazac lysine eyedrops which was stored in refrigerator at 4℃ over night, and the control group was given it which was stored at room temperature.Results　ln the control group and the test group, the occuring rate of stimulation was 19.30% and 6.25%. The cases of B、C stimulation degrees were 31 and 10; the average stimulation degrees of each group were 1.21 and 1.07, the scoring change for eye stimulation were 1.57±1.50,0.79±1.40,all respectively. The statistical difference was significant (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion　The eye stimulation of bendazac lysine eyedrops can be reduced by cold storage.

Oblective To evaluate the corneal healing of non-epuality diopter response histopathologically,immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) with SVS APEX PLUS(Summit Technology Inc. USA) excimer laser, and the effects of corticosteroid on the healing. Methods PRK on 6 white rabbits(12 eyes) was performed on right eye of the rabbit for an attampted correction of -4.00 diopter and on left eye for an attempted correction of -8.00 diopter. The rabbits were divided into 2 groups randomly and each group included 6 eyes: Group FLM (3 rabbits, 6 eyes) and group CM (3 rabbits, 6 eyes). Fluoromethalone was given to group FLM,and chloromycetin to group CM. On 10d, 30d and 100d ,the eyes of one rabbit in each group were enucleated randomly. Half of each cornea was prepared for electron microscope observation (SEM and TEM)and the rest embedded in OCT compound for immunohistochemical study to examine Ⅲ -C and FN. Results All eyes were reepithelialized within 3d after PRK. Subepithelial corneal haze was observed on 15d,which was dominant on 30 or 60d. On 100d postoperatively,corneal hazes of 11 eyes were grades 0 or 0. 5,only 1 eye(the left eye of group CM) was denser haze (grade 1). On 3d postoperatively, one or two layers of corneal epithelial cell covered the ablation zone. On 30d after PRK,the epithelial cells showed hyperplastic changes. The cells were larger and increased from normal 5 or 6 layers to 7 or 8 layers of cells on 100d after PRK,epithelium was clear with more bright epithelium. Microplicae and microvilli were less than before. The expression of Ⅲ -C and FN in group CM was significantly more evident than that in group FLM. Conclusion The study show that despite recovery of a continuous and smooth epithelial layer and nearly normal corneal tissues on 100d after PRK,abnormalities of both epithelium and superficial stroma can be detected in the area of ablation. The ablation depth of stroma can influence the appearance of corneal haze after PRK. The microplicae and microvilli of rabbit cornea epithelium become less after PRK,which can be one of cause leading to ocular dry sensation in some patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of oxaliplatin and S-1 in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer.Methods A total of 72 patients with advanced breast cancer after the treatment failuer of anthracycline and taxane were treated with oxaliplatin and S-1.The first day,they were given oxaliplatin,135 mg/m2,with the 5％ glucose injection 500 ml,the time of intravenous drip should be more than 2 hours.And the S-1 was taken after breakfast and dinner,the dose was 40-60 mg,and the time of duration was 2 weeks,then they had 7 days to rest.The cycle was 21 days.Every 2 cycles,we estimated the efficacy.Patients who were effective and stable kept that chemotherapy regimens,the maximum duration was 6 cycles.The efficacy and toxicities were evaluated after cycles of chemotherapy.Results Two cases (2.8％) had complete response (CR),26 cases (36.1％) had partial response (PR).The response rate (RR) was 38.9％ and the disease control rate (DCR) was 69.4％.The median progress free survival (PFS) was 7.7 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 12.3 months.Subgroup analysis showed that the OS of patients who belong to stage Ⅳ,had two or more metastases or with failure treatment after being treated with anthracycline and taxane was notably shorter than the patients who belong to stage Ⅲ C,only one metastasis,with effective treatment after being treated with anthracycline and taxane,and the differences were statistically significant (10.5 months vs.15.0 months,x2 =4.469,P =0.035;9.3 months vs.15.0 months,x2 =8.297,P=0.004;10.0 months vs.14.0 months,x2 =4.077,P=0.043).The main side effects were neutropenia (19.4％),nausea (8.3％) and nerve toxicity (2.8％),mainly 3-4 degree,and could be welltolerated.The others were diarrhea,impaired liver function,stomatitis,anemia and hand-foot syndrome,mainly 1-2 degree.Conclusion Oxaliplatin combined with S-1 is effective and tolerable in treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer,the adverse reactions can be tolerated.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) using transcranial magnetic stimulation.Methods One hundred and ninety-six patients with Alzheimer's disease were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,each of 98.The observation group was given transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left and right dorsolateral frontal lobes of the brain and simultaneously given "8-shaped" coil stimulation.The stimulation intensity was 80％ of the motor threshold with a sequence of 2 s of stimulation at 5 Hz and 30 s rest for 30 min in each session.There were two sessions a day for 28 days.The control group was treated with identical pseudo-stimulation.Moreover,both groups were treated with intravenous injections of 20 ml of Ginkgo biloba extract dissolved in 250 ml of sodium chloride,or in the control group a glucose injection,one daily for two weeks.Before and after the treatment,the cognition,behavior and neuropsychological symptoms of both groups were evaluated using the mini mental state examination scale (MMSE),the AD rating scale (ADAS-cog),the activity of daily living (ADL) scale,a neuropsychiatric questionnaire (NPI) and an AD behavioral pathology rating scale (BEHAVE-AD) to compare the clinical effects.Results There were no significant differences in the groups' average scores on any of the evaluations before the treatment.After the treatment,the average MMSE and ADAS-cog scores in both groups had improved significantly,but with significantly greater improvement in the observation group.After the treatment,the average ADL,NPI and BEHAVE-AD scores of the observation group and the average ADL score of the control group were significantly lower than before the treatment.No significant differences were observed in the average NPI and BEHAVE-AD scores of the control group.After the intervention,the average ADL,NPI and BEHAVE-AD scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group.The total effectiveness rate of the observation group (90.8％) was significantly higher than that of the control group (62.2％).Conclusion Transcranial magnetic stimulation can significantly improve the cognitive,behavioral and neuropsychological status of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism.Methods SVS APEX PLUS excimer laser with a wave length of 193nm(Summit Technology Inc.Waltham,Mass,USA) was applied.Three hundred and sixteen myopic eyes of 168 patients were treated with PRK from Suptember 1996 to October 1997,and 260 eyes(84%) of 150 patients were followed-up for more than three month,including male 68(116 eyes,40.1%) and female 82(144 eyes,59.9%).The preoperative spherical equivalent refractive errors ranged from -1.25D to -10.00D(mean -4.67D± 1.63D),and astigmatism ranged from 0 to -2.00D(mean -0.33D±0.45D). The patients were divided into two groups according to the refraction:group A(from -1.25D to -5.90D) and group B(from -6.00D to -10.00D).The number of eyes in the two groups were 220 and 40,respectively.Results In group A,After 10 days,68.9% had the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) equal to or one line better or lower than the preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).After 1 ,3,6 and 12 months,90%,96%,95% and 94% had the UCVA equal to or one line better or lower than the preoperative BCVA,respectively.In group B,after 10 days,1,3,6 and 12 months,UCVA equal to or one line better or lower than the preoperative BCVA occurred in 35.9%,83.0%,87.0%,86.0% and 84.0% of the patients respectively. Most of the haze showed 0.5～1 grades except 3 eyes with the haze of 2 grade at 3 or 6 months and it changed to l and 0.5 grade respectively at one year.after 10 days and 1,3,6,12 months postoperatively,the corneal haze was noted in 32.9%,84.8%,62.8%,9.0%and 2.8% of the treated eyes respectively.Conclusion We found that the 193nm excimer laser PRK is a predictable,safe,stable,and effective refractive surgery for correcting myopia up to-10.00D in Chinese patients,and the effect is better in myopia lower than -6.00D.

BACKGROUNDAs a new member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP) family,Livin,especially Livin α,is known to be involved in occurrence and development of lung cancer.Livin is an important mechanism of chemotherapy resistance of lung cancer cell.The aim of this study is to set up Livin isoform(α & β)-specific gene silencing system in SPC-A1 cells by gene transfection and RNA interference(RNAi),and to explore the different functions and value of the isoforms in enhancing chemosensitivity of SPC-A1 cells.

METHODSLivinα+β,Livinα and Livinβ specific siRNA were expressed stably in SPC-A1 cells,respectively.MTT was performed to study sensitivity of the cells to chemotherapy drugs.In vivo experiment was performed to test sensitivity of mouse bearing tumor to cisplatin after gene silencing of Livin.

RESULTSAfter silencing of Livinα+β,Livinα and Livinβ genes,sensitivity of SPC-A1 cells to many chemotherapy drugs(including cisplatin,carboplatin,cyclophosphamide and adriblastine) was markedly increased(P < 0.05).Among them,gene silencing of Livinα+β showed the strongest enhancement effect on chemosensitivity of SPC-A1 cells(P < 0.01).Animal experiment showed that tumor inhibition rate of pSilencer-Livinα+β,pSilencer-Livinα and pSilencer-Livinβ groups was 146.1%,130.7% and 110.5%,respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that Livin isoform,especially Livinα+β is hopeful to be a molecular target for increasing sensitivity of lung cancer cell to chemotherapy.Gene silencing may be a new means of gene therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To study induction effect of euphornin on the apoptosis of cervical cancer Hela cells and its mechanism. METHODS:The cervical cancer Hela cells were divided into blank control group,cisplatin group(positive control, 10 mg/L) and euphornin low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups (50,100,200 mg/L). They were treated with relevant medicine. The inhibitory effect of Hela cells proliferation was tested by MTT assay after 24,48,72 h of medicine treatment. The apoptotic rate of Hela cells was measured by flow cytometry after 48 h of medicine treatment. Morphology of nucleus was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining. The protein expression of Cyt-C,Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9 and Caspase-10 were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,inhibitory rate of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis rate were increased significantly in cisplatin group and euphornin groups(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and obvious staining, deformation,shrinking,fragmentation or apoptotic bodies was found in nucleus. Compared with blank control group,the protein expression levels of Cyt-C,Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in euphornin low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups were increased significantly,while the protein expression level of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were decreased significantly(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);the protein expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3 and Caspase-10 in euphornin medium-dose and high-dose groups were increased significantly(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Euphornin can significantly inhibit the proliferation of Hela cell and promote cell apoptosis,the effect of which will be achieved by activating the Caspase-dependent mitochondrion apoptosis pathway.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 ( mGluR1) negative allosteric modulator JNJ16259685 on neuron after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. Methods Ninety SPF-grade SD male rats were selected. They were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation group (n=18),SAH+placebo group (n=36),and SAH+JNJ16259685(JNJ) group (n=36). A SAH model was induced by intravascular puncture. SAH +placebo group received intraperitoneal injection of aseptic water containing 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 2,24 and 48 h after operation. The SAH+JNJ group was intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg JNJ16259685 ( dissolved in sterile water in 5% DMSO). Garcia scoring criteria were used to assess neurological deficits at 72 h after SAH. Dry and wet weight method was used to detect brain edema. Evans Blue method was used to assess blood-brain barrier permeability. A calcium assay kit was used to detect the mitochondrial calcium ion concentration. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe neuronal apoptosis. GraphPad 7. 0 software was used to conduct one-way analysis of variance in all indicators among the 3 groups. Results Compared with the sham operation group,the Garcia score (11. 0 ± 0. 4) decreased in the SAH+placebo group. The water content in left and right hemispheres was 80. 5 ± 0. 1% and 80. 3 ± 0. 2% respectively,the Evans blue dye extravasation (2. 8 ± 0. 2),basal cortical mitochondrial calcium ion concentration (2. 5 ± 0. 3),and neuronal apoptosis in basal cortex and hippocampus CA1 region (the number of active caspase-3/NeuN positive cells was 300 ±30/mm2and 20 ± 2/mm respectively) increased (all P<0. 05);and the Garcia score (13. 0 ± 0. 5) was significantly higher in the SAH+JNJ group than in the SAH+placebo group. Water content in left and right hemispheres was 79. 8 ± 0. 2% and 79. 3 ± 0. 1% respectively,Evans blue dye extravasation (1. 8 ±0. 2),basal cortex mitochondrial calcium ion concentration (1. 7 ± 0. 1),basal cortex and the number of neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 region (the number of active caspase-3/NeuN positive cells were 180 ± 10/mm2,12 ±2/mm) reduced compared with the SAH+placebo group (all P<0. 05). Conclusion After SAH,JNJ16259685 relieves cerebral edema and reduces blood-brain barrier permeability,inhibits the increase of cortical mitochondrial calcium ion concentration,and reduces neuronal apoptosis,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.