BACKGROUND: Odontogenic infection factor has been given much importance in the study of the etiology of secondary trigeminal neuralgia,and the theory of jaw bone cavities is proposed. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of the jaw bone cavities and the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia.DESIGN: A self-controlled trial.SETTING: Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: The patients with the trigeminal neuralgia were treated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Qingdao University from February 1994 to December 2003, from whom 45 were selected for this study, including 15 males and 30 females with altogether 74 jaw bone cavities.METHODS: Curettage of the jaw bone cavities was performed in these cases, and visual analogue scale(VAS) was adopted for evaluation of the postoperative pain.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① VAS; ② Pathological examination and bacteria culture of the specimens.RESULTS: Pain relief was achieved in 33 cases(73.3% ) after the first surgery and in 10 cases(22.2% ) after a second or third surgery. In 2 cases (4.5%), the pain was alleviated but medication was still needed for pain control. Pathological examinations in most cases identified predominantly in flammatory and granulation tissues.CONCLUSION: Jaw bone cavities may be one of the major etiologic factors of trigeminal neuragia.

The transcript encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) was discovered from the transcriptome data of Huperzia serrata. The transcript contained an open reading frame with length of 1,440 bp and coded 479 amino acids. The full length of HsDXR1 had been cloned using RT-PCR method. Ac-cording the bioinformatic analysis, the molecular weight of HsDXR1 protein was 51.4961 kDa and the pI was 6.44. No signal peptide and transmembrane site was discovered in HsDXR1, and the protein was most likely to be located in chloroplast. HsDXR1 had the same domain similar to the DXR protein of Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa. The expression level of HsDXR1 was most abundantly in H. serrata stem, followed by root and leaf. This study cloned and analyzed HsDXR1 gene from H. serrata for the first time. The result will provide a foundation for exploring the mechanism of terpene biosynthesis in H. serrata plants.

Objective:To study the correlation between systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after surgical treatment.Methods:The clinical data of 181 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma treated by surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 119 men and 62 women, with an average age of 62.4 years. SII was calculated using preoperative routine blood tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to obtain the optimal cutoff value of SII. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves and survival rates were compared by log-rank test. The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze single and multiple factors.Results:The SII area under the ROC curve in predicting postoperative survival was 0.749(95% CI: 0.641-0.858), the optimal threshold was 412.6. Using this threshold, patients were divided into the low SII group (SII≤412.6, n=80) and the high SII group (SII>412.6, n=101). The 1, 3, and 5-year cumulative survival rates of patients in the low SII group were 87.5%, 57.5%, and 26.3%, which were significantly better than those of the high SII group of 71.3%, 39.6%, and 9.9% respectively ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that SII>412.6 ( HR=2.887, 95% CI: 2.256-7.903, P<0.05) was an independent risk factor for overall survival of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusion:Preoperative SII had predictive values for postoperative survival of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, SII>412.6 was an independent risk factor for postoperative survival.

BACKGROUND: Many operations for isolating, purifying and identifying bone marrow mesenchymal stem calls (BMSCs) are complicated and cost much. Also they have great effect on cell activity. Whether whole bone marrow adherent culture can avoid above-mentioned disadvantages remains unclear. At present, many studies huve been done to confirm an effective and low cost method for isolating, purifying and identifying such cells.OBJECTIVE: This study is to in vitro induce and differentiate rat BMSCs by whole bone marrow adherent culture,and to identify the cells.DESIGN: A controlled observational experiment.SETTING: Qingdao University Medical College.MATERIALS: This study was carried out in the Laboratory of Oral Cavity and Laboratory of Molecular Biology (provincial level) Qingdao University Medical College between November 2005 and March 2007. Twenty Wistar rats of either gender, aged 3 to 4 weeks, of SPF grade, weighing 120-150 g, were provided by the Qingdao Laboratory Center. The protocol was carried out in accordance with animal ethics guidelines for the use and care of animals. Fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hangzhou Sijiqing Bioengineering Material Research Institute), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Research Institute), reverse transcription kit (American Promega Corporation) and primer (Shanghai Bioengineering Co.,Ltd.) were used in this study.METHODS: Adult rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow adherent culture. They were digested with 2.5 g/L trypse and inoculated at a density of 5 ×107 L-1 in 6-well culture plate. Then, the cells were divided into experimental group and control group. Inducing culture medium was added to experimental group, and the same amount of basic culture medium was added to control group. ① Cell differentiation and calcium tuberculation were observed under the inverted microscope. ② Biological characteristics of induced cells were detected by calcium tubercle Von Kossa and alizarin Bordeaux. ③ALP activity was detected by diazo salt staining. ④Human core binding factor alpha subunit-1 (Cbf α-1), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteoblast-specific Osterix (OSX) mRNA expressions were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Induction and differentiation results of cells. ② Biological characteristics of cells induced by rat BMSCs. ③ ALP activity. ④ Cbf α-1, OCN and OSX expressions.RESULTS: ①Inducing culture medium was added in the serial subcultivation. About 9 days later, cell clones were connected to each other. On about 21 to 28 days, some pykno-round mineralized tubercles appeared. Meanwhile,control cells were connected to each other, but they did not form the tubercle. ② In the experimental group, when MSCs were induced for 21 to 28 days, obvious round or oval calcified tubercles were seen by naked eyes. The results of Von Kossa staining exhibited black sediments, and those of alizarin Bordeaux staining exhibited salmon tubercles. Calcium tubercles were not found in the control group. ③The ALP activity after 2 weeks of induction was obviously increased in the experimental group, but was relatively weak in the control group. ④In the experimental group,Cbf α-1, OCN and OSX expressions were significantly increased after induction.CONCLUSION: After being in vitro induced and differentiated by whole bone marrow adherent culture, rat BMSCs exhibited morphological and biological characteristics similar to typical osteoblasts.

Rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms is important to the prevention and control of diseases.Com-pared with traditional approaches, electrochemical DNA biosensors present great advantages in promising rapid, portable, sensitive and cost-saving detection of pathogens.In this review, the working principle of electrochemical DNA biosensors and the progress in detection of pathogens is introduced, the latest developments of DNA tetrahedron structure and new nano materials in electrochemical DNA biosensors are reviewed, and the challenges to and prospects of development in this field are also discussed.

Cai which are stem or heartwood of trees or stem of woody liana are a kind of medicinal plant resources traditionally used by Li Minoriy. Ethnobotanical methods were adopted for the investigation on traditional utilization of cai. Totally, 44 species in 26 families and 30 genera were reported to be used as cai. Most of the species were applied as decoction (70.5%) and medicinal liquor (27.3%) to treat a wide range of diseases, such as rheuma-toid arthritis (34.1%), liver diseases (18.2%), injuries and weak (15.9% respectively). Through literature survey, it was found that 7 species (15.9%) were used by Li Minority only. Besides, 13 species (29.5%) were used differently compared with that of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Consequently, it is indicated that indigenous knowledge of using medicinal plants by Li Minority is unique.

Objective To establish the system of inducement, subculture, and plantlets regeneration of callus from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods Compared with the effect of different explants, basic media, and plant growth regulator on the inducement, subculture of callus, and the differentiation of buds. Results MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2—2 mg/L was propitious to the inducement of callus and the ratio of induced callus, for both the leafstalk and lamina, was 100%, but quantity of induced callus was more of The ratio of buds differentiation was 55.6% on the medium of MS+6-BA 2 mg/L, and it could grown into buds directly. B5+6-BA 1 mg/L+2, 4-D 1 mg/L was the better subculture medium of callus. ConclusionSo for the callus inducement, the better explant and medium are leafstalk and MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2—2 mg/L, respectively; For the buds differentiation, the better explant and medium are lamina and MS+6-BA 2 mg/L, respectively; For the subculture of callus, B5+6-BA 1 mg/L+2, 4-D 1 mg/L is better.

Objective To explore the fixed-effects of the treatment using transarticular screw joint lateral mass screw unilateral bi-direction fixation through posterior midline approach.Methods 16 patients,12 patients with traumatic fracture-dislocation and 4 patients with cervical disc herniation with spinal stenosis,were treated with transarticular screw(caudad) joint lateral mass screw (cephalad)unilateral bi-direction fixation in the posterior cervical.Results 32 transarticular screws were implanted,including C4-5 8 pieces,C5-6 12 pieces,C6-7 12 pieces;36 lateral mass screws were implanted,including C2 13 pieces,C3 14 pieces,C4 9 pieces.All screws were successfully implanted in operation,without injuries and other complications in vertebral artery,nerve root and spinal cord.16patients were followed up for averaged 18 months ( 10 - 30 months).Surgical incisions reduced by half than traditional ,fusion time were 2.0 to 4.5 months for an average of 3.1 months.Conclusions When through theposterior fixed cervical spine,used transarticular screw joint lateral mass screw unilateral bi-direction fixation,fixed simply and reliably,reduced internal fixation materials for implantation,reduced operative time,increased bone bed area,the bone fusion rate was high,reduced the length of surgical incision,reduced the blood vessels,nerve root injury risk ,reduced complications such as axial symptoms ,saved medical expenses,achieved good results.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the photosynthetic characteristics of wildlife tending Alpinia oxyphylla, and provide a theoretical basis for choosing wildlife tending environment and cultivation management.

METHODThe response parameters of the net photosynthetic rate to light intensity, CO2 concentration and photosynthetic characteristics were measured by Li-6400 portable photosynthesis in blossom bud forming stages under different treated conditions.

RESULTThe maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), daily average photosynthetic rate (Pn), apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), apparent carboxylation efficiency (CE), light using efficiency (LUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) were optimal in the wild tending treatment at the light transmission rate of 17.4%-24.1%, beyond the light transmission rate, the photosynthetic capacity utilization of A. oxyphylla would not have a significant increase or be inhibited. The light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) of A. oxyphylla improved with light intensity enhancing. Wildlife tending could enhance the scope of A. oxyphylla to CO2 adaptation.

CONCLUSIONA. oxyphylla as sciophytes, and the optimum light transmission rate for wild tending and cultivating was at 17.4%-24.1%.

Alpinia ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Light ; Photosynthesis ; radiation effects ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; radiation effects

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of botulinum toxin type A on hypertrophic scar fi-broblasts ,and to explore the molecular mechanism of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of scar and prevention of postopera-tive scar hyperplasia .Methods Different concentrations of botulinum toxin A (0 .01 ,0 .1 ,1 U/L and 10 U/L) were used on hyper-trophic scar fibroblasts for 24 hours ,to observe the changes of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton under laser confocal microscopy .MTT and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation ,apoptosis and cycle of change ,at the same time real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were conducted to detected the expression of TGF-β,matrix metalloproteinase MMP-1 ,MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene and protein expression changes .Results With the increase of botulinum toxin A dose ,the number of cell adhesion and cytoskeletal fluorescence intensity decreased ,cell proliferation ability decreased and mainly blocked at G0-G1 phase ,and the ap-optosis also increased with the dose increased .The results of qPCR and Western blot showed that MMP-1 and MMP-9 gene and protein were highly expressed with the increase of botulinum toxin A dose ,while TGF-βand MMP-9 showed low expression .Con-clusion Botulinum toxin A can inhibit the proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and inhibit the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 ,which can inhibit scar formation .It plays a positive role in the treatment of scar .