Synthetic pesticides-pyrethroids have been widely used in agriculture and in households. Most of them are the environmental hormone substances. Pyrethroids have toxic effects on animals and humans,inducing teratogenicity,carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In the present paper,the typical animals-fish,mice and rats were choosen for the health risk assessment,and the research progresses on adverse effects of pyrethroids in nervous toxicology,physiological and biochemical toxicology,reproductive toxicology were summerized,as well as the effects of the animal enzymes and immune system.

Patients often suffered limb dysfunction after stroke. Upper limb and hand function recovered more slowly than lower limb, and became one of the research focuses in rehabilitation medicine. Timely and effective assessments were important to guide the rehabilitation treatment, evaluate the treatment efficacy and predict functional recovery of upper extremity and hand function. The assessment methods of upper limb and hand motor function included subjective evaluations and objective evaluations. The former included different kinds of scales, which involved assessment focusing on muscle, motor pattern, change of upper limb and hand function. While the latter contained biomechanics, neuroelectrophysiology, functional magnetic resonance imaging, upper limb robotic evaluation system and so on. Scales were proved to have good reliability and validity. But they could not show patients' function accurately because of the subjectivity, and the data could not be kept. Evaluation system with computer was applied in clinical practice more and more widely. In this review, we summarized the assessments on upper limb and hand motor function in patients after stroke.

The clinical data of 459 patients,who were first diagnosed as HIV/HBV co-infection from January 2007 to December 2013,were retrospectively analyzed.Among all patients,there were 89 cases with CD4 ＜ 50/μl,134 cases with CD4 50-200/μl and 236 cases with CD4 ＞ 200/μl,when HIV infection was diagnosed.In these three groups with different CD4 levels,the HBV DNA positive rates were 49.3％ (37/75),50.5％ (54/107) and 33.7％ (66/196);the HBV viral load were (6.37 ± 1.71) log10 copies/ml,(5.82 ± 1.86) log10 copies/ml and (4.36 ± 1.64) log10 copies/ml;the rates of abnormal liver function were 29.2％ (26/89),29.1％ (39/134) and 10.6％ (25/236);the occurrence rates of end-stage-liver-diseases were 16.9％ (15/89),14.9％ (20/134) and 5.1％ (12/236);the mortality rates were 10.1％ (9/89),9.7％ (13/134) and 3.8％ (9/236),respectively.The HBV DNA positive rates,HBV viral load,the rates of abnormal liver function,the occurrence rates of end-stage-liver-diseases and the mortality rates in CD4 ＞ 200/μl group were lower than that in CD4 ＜ 50/μl group and 50-200/μl group.The results suggest that for HIV and HBV co-infection patients,HBV replication level and prognosis of liver diseases are associated with CD4 + T lymphocyte count.

Objective To analyse the relationship between lymphatic vessels invasion and clinical pathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC ) .Methods The expressions of D2-40 and CK19 were examined in the 104 specimens of PTC using immunohistochemical staining with combined monoclonal antibodies and cocktail double enzyme labeled antibody( D2-40/CK19) stainings.The two methods were compared in the diagnosis of PTC metastasis, and the factors affecting lymphatic vessels formation were analyzed.Results The positive rate of lymphatic vessels invasion was 37.5%(39/104) by using immunohistochemical staining with combined monoclonal antibodies and 53.8%( 56/104 ) by cocktail double enzyme labeled antibody ( D2-40/CK19 ) staining ( P<0.05).The lymph node metastasis rate was 83.9%(47/56) in the group with lymphatic vessels invasion, significantly higher than that without invasion 22.9%(11/48, P<0.01).The age of patients, diameter of primary tumor were the influence factors of lymphatic vessels invasion in PTC patients(P<0.05 and P=0.063).Conclusion Cocktail double enzyme labeled antibody ( D2-40/CK19 ) staining is a better method to detect lymphatic vessels invasion in PTC than immunohistochemical staining with combined monoclonal antibodies.

Objective To investigate the effects of HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells steatosis on the mRNA and protein expressions of suppressors of cytokine signaling-3(SOCS-3) and sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1c).Methods The cell model of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was successfully constructed using an oleic acid-induced HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells steatosis.Cells were divided into HepG2 cell control group (HepG2 cell control group), HepG2.2.15 cell control group (HepG2.2.15 cell control group), HepG2 cell steatosis group (HepG2 cell steatosis group) and HepG2.2.15 cell steatosis group (HepG2.2.15 cell steatosis group).The expression levels of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Changes in protein expressions of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c were measured by western blot.Results SOCS-3 mRNA expression level in HepG2.2.15 cell control group was significantly lower than that in HepG2 cell control group (P<0.01).The level in HepG2 cell steatosis group was also significantly lower than that in HepG2 cell control group (P<0.01).However, the level of SOCS-3 mRNA in HepG2.2.15 cell steatosis group was lower than HepG2.2.15 cell control group with no statistical significance (P=0.173).There was interaction between cells and steatosis (F=25.547, P<0.01).The expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in HepG2.2.15 cell control group was significantly lower than that in HepG2 cell control group (P<0.01), and was significantly higher in HepG2.2.15 cell steatosis group than that in HepG2.2.15 cell control group (P<0.01).There was no significant difference between HepG2 cell steatosis group and HepG2 cell control group (P=1.000).There was interaction between cells and steatosis (F=5.04, P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that protein levels of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c in steatosis cells at 48 h and 72 h were significantly higher than those in non-alcoholic steatosis cells.Conclusions Protein expressions of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c are up-regulated in both steatosis groups.Factorial analysis shows that there is interaction between cells and steatosis.HBV gene could inhibit SOCS-3 mRNA expression and promote the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA in steatosis cells.

Herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ(HSV-1) is a common pathogen, and human is the only natural host of it.Following a period of lytic replication in epithelial cells, HSV-1 enters axon terminals of sensory neurons and then travels via retrograde transport to the sensory ganglia where latency can be established.Upon the stimulation of some stressors, the latent virus can reactivate, leading to recurrent diseases.Therefore, to clarify the mechanism of HSV-1 latent infection and stress-induced reactivation will offer new insights into the prevention, treatment and control of HSV-1 infection.In this review, we describes the mechanisms underlying HSV-1 latent infection and stress-induced reactivation.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting the further implementation of national essential medicine system and rational use of drugs in community health service center. METHODS:Outpatients’information in Changqiao Street Communi-ty Health Service Center from Sept. 2,2009 to Nov. 25,2014 was collected to statistically analyze the drug variety,the number of prescriptions,the consumption sum and the DDDs before and after the implementation of essential medicine system and after the supplement of non essential medicines. RESULTS:Essential medicines occupied the main position of drug utilization in each stage, with substantial growth in respects of consumption sum and number of prescriptions;the sum of Chinese patent drugs and essential cardiovascular drugs occupied more than 50% of the total consumption sum and number of prescriptions,with higher growth rate;essential medicines occupied the top 10 in respects of consumption sum and DDDs,among which most were the drug varieties in“Shanghai supplement essential drugs in community health service center”(2010 Edition),with some overlap the varieties in“Na-tional Essential Medicine System”(2012 Edition);cardio-cerebrovascular drugs occupied the dominant position;the growth rates of cefotiam and atorvastatin took up the top 2 ranking in the list of consumption sum,while the growth rates of calcium carbonate D3 and irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide took up the top 2 ranking in the list of DDDs. CONCLUSIONS:Essential medicine cata-log covers the common drugs in the community health service center,in which the rational use of Chinese patent drugs and antibac-terial deserves needs to be noticed. The clinical rational use of the essential medicines should be strengthened,the essential medi-cine catalog should be adjusted and non essential medicines should be supplied when necessary in order to truly meet the needs of patients and optimize the allocation of medical resources.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of positive emotion on relationship between cognition reappraisal and meaning of life in freshmen.Methods:Totally 192 freshmen[62 males and 130 females,aged 18 to 22 years,mean age (20 ± 2) years] were assessed with the Chinese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ),Positive words of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and Chinese version of the Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ).Interval of 3 months of longitudinal data was used to investigate the mediating role of positive emotions in cognitive reappraisal sense and meaning of life.Results:The EPQ scores were positively correlated with the scores of PA,MLQ-P,and MLQ-S(r =0.17-0.26,Ps ＜ 0.05).The PA scores were positively correlated with the scores of MLQ-P and MLQ-S (r =0.16-0.35,Ps ＜0.05).Bootstrap test showed that positive emotions mediated meaning of life through cognitive reappraisal (95％ CI:0.065-0.295).The structural equation model proved to exhibit an appropriate data fit (x2/df=1.58,RMSEA =0.06,CFI =0.98,GFI =0.95).Conclusion:It indicates that cognitive reappraisal is related to meaning of life and positive emotions,and positive emotions mediate the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and meaning of life among freshmen.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of double-lumen tube intubation between McGrath-5 video-laryngoscope and McCoy laryngoscope in patients with difficult airway. Methods Sixty patients who were predicted as difficult double-lumen tube intubation were divided into two groups using random number table method:McGrath-5 video-laryngoscope group (group A, n = 30) and McCoy laryngoscope group (group B, n = 30). All patients were intubated by two laryngoscopes correspondingly after conventional induction. The success rate of the first intubation, intubation time, the ratio of right positioning, the number of SpO2 < 90% within intubation time, the number of pressing the cricoid, the incidence of intubation complications and hemodynamic parameters [The changes in systolic pressure and heart rate and BIS were recorded before induction (T0), glottic exposure upon laryngoscope insertion (T1), immediately after intubation (T2), 3 min (T3) after intubation]. Results The number of pressing the cricoid was smaller in group A than in group B (P < 0.05), whereas the intubation time in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). The systolic pressure and heart rate at T3 were dramatically reduced compared with those measured at T0 in both groups (P < 0.05). The systolic pressure and heart rate at T1 and T2 in group A were considerably lower in group A than those in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusions Compared with the McCoy laryngoscope, double-lumen tube intubation by McGrath-5 video-laryngoscope can less impact on hemodynamics, less intubation complications, intubation time although prolonged but not for influence the patient's oxygen supply, for difficult airway double-lumen tube intubation provides a good choice.

Objective:To explore the epidemic characteristics, clinical features and therapeutic effects of Kala-azar in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province in recent years, and to improve the cognition of Kala-azar.Methods:The clinical data of 17 adult cases of Kala-azar in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province in 2018 and 2019 were collected by retrospective analysis method, the epidemiological characteristics, clinical diagnosis and first diagnosis, clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging examination, treatment and prognosis of the patients were sorted and analyzed.Results:All 17 patients were from Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, including 15 males and 2 females. The main clinical manifestations were long-term irregular fever (17 cases), anemia (13 cases) and splenomegaly (16 cases). The main manifestations of blood routine included decreased white blood cell count (14 cases), anemia (13 cases), and decreased platelet count (10 cases). The positive rate of rk39 immunochromatographic strip test was 100.00% (14/14). Nine patients underwent bone marrow puncture smear examination, 7 patients were positive for Leishman-Donovan bodies. All patients were treated with sodium pentavalent antimony gluconate (hereinafter referred to as antimonials) for 10 days, the cure rate was 88.24% (15/17), and recurrence rate was 11.76% (2/17).Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of Kala-azar are not typical, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed. Early examination of bone marrow puncture smear and serum antibody should be carried out for suspected patients. Antimonials is still a safe and effective drug for treating Kala-azar.