Tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment interact through molecular and cellular mechanisms to promote tumorigenesis and tumor migration. The tumor microenvironment is important in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are ones of the most inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment, have significant influence on tumor development. Tumor cells recruit macrophages by releasing chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, and switch them into M2-type macrophages. Macrophages also release many factors which are important to some stages of tumor development, including tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and distant metastasis. TAM density is associated with treatment failure and poor prognosis in tumor patients. Great progress has recently been made in targeting TAMs for anti-tumor therapy. Strategies of targeting TAMs for anti-tumor therapy include suppression of macrophage recruitment, inhibition of TAM viability, reinstating the TAM phenotype, and transforming M2-type macrophages to M1-type macrophages. This article reviews the latest progress in the field based on TAM functions.

0.05). ③All of the OSAHS patients suffered seri-ous lipid metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION ① Fatty infiltration in the pharyngeal tissue may lead to collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. ②The epithelial cells of mucosa,endothelial cells of small vessels and glandular cells of minor salivary glands can potentially produce leptin. Leptin existing with Ob-Rb shows the peripheral action of leptin. The positive ex-pression of leptin and Ob-Rb had no significant differ-ence between the two groups, which may explain theectopic accumulation of lipid. ③ Disordered lipid me-tabolism may not be the determinant factor in the patho-genesis of OSAHS. ④ Endogenous hyperleptinemia may be the protective response to respiratory distur-bance and disordered lipid metabolism, and is also as-sociated with the continuous hypersympathetic activity. The level of leptin in plasma has a positive correlation with the severity of OSAHS.

Objective\ To introduce the speciality of pontine infaction in clinic and screenage.Method\ we made retrospective study on clinical data and image data of pontine infarction caused by BAD,and compared with the data of 31 patients with lacunar infarction in pontine.Result\ Clinical spetiality of BAD group:There are a few disturbance of consciousness,mainly the movement disturbance and dysarthria with ocular movement disturbance.Compared with the control group,there is difference between the two groups(P

Replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation therapy is an effective treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this article, mechanisms of this therapy in DN were summarized, which included improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation and relieving renal fibrosis. And it provided theoretical supports for DN treatment with TCM.

15 cases of large venous malformations in oral and maxillofacial region involving in multiple anatomical sites were treated by suture ligation and injection of pingyangmycin oleum iodisatum emulsion(PLE) for 2-5 times.Treatment effect of grade Ⅳ was observed in 12 cases,grade Ⅲ in 3 cases.No severe systemic adverse reaction and no local adverse reation were obseved in all cases.Suture ligation and PLE injection can enhance the therapeutic effect and reduce the adverse reactions in the treatment of large venous malformations of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Objective To explore the effects of different doses of 5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-6,7,5′-trimethoxyflavone nanoparticles (TTF1-NP)on the apoptosis of human hepatoma cells and human normal hepatocytes,and to explore their mechanisms through endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-meditated apoptosis pathway. Methods The human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2,Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5)and human hepatocytes (Chang Liver)were used as cell model, and divided into vehicle, 5-Fu and TTF1-NP treated groups with the concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 μmol·L-1 respectively. The inhibitory effects of TTF1-NP on the cell growth were assessed using MTT assay and the best inhibitory one (HepG-2)was selected as the main research cell lines.Flow cytometry was used to detect the TTF1-NP-induced apoptosis;Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the expressions of ERS key proteins.Finally,the expressions of key proteins were detected by Western blotting after using the ERS inhibitor 4-PBA.Results Compared with vehicle group,the inhibitory rates of growth of 4 kinds of human hepatoma cells in different concentrations of TTF1-NP groups were increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01);moreover,the inhibitory effects of TTF1-NP were in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Compared with vehicle group,the apoptotic rates of the cells in TTF1-NP groups were increased in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05 or P < 0.01 );the expression levels of ERS key proteins GRP78 and caspase-4 were increased with the increasing of the concentration of TTF1-NP (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).The expression levels of ERS key proteins GRP78 and caspase-4 induced by TTF1-NP were inhibited by ERS inhibitor 4-PBA (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). Conclusion TTF1-NP can induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells;ERS pathway plays a central role in TTF1-NP-induced apoptosis of HepG-2 cells.

Objective To understand the status of Toxoplasma gondii(TOX)infection in pregnant women in Qingdao area. Methods Antibody capture ELISA was used to detect the TOX-IgM,IgG and TOX-DNA in 1 341 pregnant women and 201 infer-tility,miscarriage,stillbirth pregnant women from June 2011 to July 2013. Results Among 201 abnormal pregnant women,43 cases were TOX antibody positive,accounting for 22.39%,and among the normal pregnant women,84 cases were TOX antibody positive,accounting for 6.26%,and there was a significant difference(χ2 =10.60,P<0.05). The TOX positive rate of 20-29 years old women was higher than that of the women aged over 30 years(χ2=21.9,P<0.05). The TOX antibody positive rates of families with pets and families without pets were 26.63%and 8.77%respectively(χ2=10.93,P<0.05). The TOX antibody posi-tive rates were 10.94%(22/201)in unemployed women,3.98%(8/201)in farmers,3.98%(8/201)in staff,and 3.48%(7/201)in workers. Conclusions The TOX infection rate in abnormal pregnant women is significantly higher than that in normal pregnancy women;therefore,the health education should be strengthened. In addition,in young women,especially 20-29 years old women, and some special occupation women,the control measures should be enhanced.

Objective To investigate the effect of delighted thinking on improving negative emotion of depression patients. Methods 100 depression patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 50 in each according to admission sequence. Both groups was executed antidepressionant drugs treatment and routine psychiatric care simultaneously. The observation group was given delighted thinking training on the basis of above treatment. The emotional recovery of two groups was observed. Results There was significant difference on facial expression, communication and limbs language after executing delighted thinking training in the observation group. And there was significant difference on scores of Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) at discharge. Scores of Nurses' Observation Scale during early, middle and late stage of delighted thinking training greatly improved compared with those before training. Conclusions Delighted thinking contributes to throw off negative thinking pattern of self-denial, stimulate positive passion threshold, improve depressed mood and raise treatment effect for depression patients.

BACKGROUND: Acellular dermalmatrix (ADM), as a new material, is generally applied to tissue repair after head and neck tumorectomy. However, hypopharyngeal carcinoma surgery always involves in repair and functional reconstruction of defected tissue; therefore, the application effect of ADM needs to be further studied for repairing laryngopharynx defect. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of ADM in repairing laryngopharynx defect following tumorectomy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was performed at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Battle Surgery, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from May 2005 to June 2006.PATICIPANTS: A total of 25 male cases aged 45-68 years including 22 patients with tumor in the lateral wall of the unilateral piriform fossa and 3 patients with in the posterior wall of laryngopharynxat were finally diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: According to clinical stages, patients underwent partial or complete laryngopharyngectomy. ADM was used to repair oropharynx mucosa following the laryngopharyngectomy. However, ADM alone was used to repair piece-shaped oropharynx mucosa, limiting by being unable to complete reconstruction of spatial structure. Therefore, myocutaneous flap or other materials combined with ADM was beneficial for reconstruction of laryngopharyngeal cavity following complete laryngopharyngectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of ADM on functional reconstruction of swallowing, breathing, and pronouncing. RESULTS: A total of 25 patients were included in the final analysis. No patients suffered with the pharyngeal fistula. Only one case encountered the subcutaneous infection at day 20 after surgery, but recovering after regular change of dressing and treatment of antibiotics. About 15 patients who accepted the surgery of partial laryngopharyngectomy suffered with bucking, but after 30-60 days, the symptom relieved, even disappeared, in spite of 3 cases still bucking when they swallowed liquid diet. Breathing function was recovered, and tracheal cannula was removed 6-12 months after surgery. Ten of them who accepted total laryngopharyngectomy had resumption of normal oral diet after 20 days. The follow-up periods after the surgery lasted 12-30 months. The allograft became normal mucosa finally, without rejection or scar formation. The follow-up of 10 patients lasted more than 24 months, one case had relapse of tumor, still alive after the second surgery. CONCLUSION: ADM with perfect histocompatibility and easy operability, can be applied to repair deletion of laryngeal or pharyngeal tissue and recover functions of pronouncing, breathing, and swallowing after tumorectomy. The combined use of ADM and musculo-cutaneous flap was effective and satisfactory.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting the further implementation of national essential medicine system and rational use of drugs in community health service center. METHODS:Outpatients’information in Changqiao Street Communi-ty Health Service Center from Sept. 2,2009 to Nov. 25,2014 was collected to statistically analyze the drug variety,the number of prescriptions,the consumption sum and the DDDs before and after the implementation of essential medicine system and after the supplement of non essential medicines. RESULTS:Essential medicines occupied the main position of drug utilization in each stage, with substantial growth in respects of consumption sum and number of prescriptions;the sum of Chinese patent drugs and essential cardiovascular drugs occupied more than 50% of the total consumption sum and number of prescriptions,with higher growth rate;essential medicines occupied the top 10 in respects of consumption sum and DDDs,among which most were the drug varieties in“Shanghai supplement essential drugs in community health service center”(2010 Edition),with some overlap the varieties in“Na-tional Essential Medicine System”(2012 Edition);cardio-cerebrovascular drugs occupied the dominant position;the growth rates of cefotiam and atorvastatin took up the top 2 ranking in the list of consumption sum,while the growth rates of calcium carbonate D3 and irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide took up the top 2 ranking in the list of DDDs. CONCLUSIONS:Essential medicine cata-log covers the common drugs in the community health service center,in which the rational use of Chinese patent drugs and antibac-terial deserves needs to be noticed. The clinical rational use of the essential medicines should be strengthened,the essential medi-cine catalog should be adjusted and non essential medicines should be supplied when necessary in order to truly meet the needs of patients and optimize the allocation of medical resources.