Tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment interact through molecular and cellular mechanisms to promote tumorigenesis and tumor migration. The tumor microenvironment is important in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are ones of the most inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment, have significant influence on tumor development. Tumor cells recruit macrophages by releasing chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, and switch them into M2-type macrophages. Macrophages also release many factors which are important to some stages of tumor development, including tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and distant metastasis. TAM density is associated with treatment failure and poor prognosis in tumor patients. Great progress has recently been made in targeting TAMs for anti-tumor therapy. Strategies of targeting TAMs for anti-tumor therapy include suppression of macrophage recruitment, inhibition of TAM viability, reinstating the TAM phenotype, and transforming M2-type macrophages to M1-type macrophages. This article reviews the latest progress in the field based on TAM functions.

0.05). ③All of the OSAHS patients suffered seri-ous lipid metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION ① Fatty infiltration in the pharyngeal tissue may lead to collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. ②The epithelial cells of mucosa,endothelial cells of small vessels and glandular cells of minor salivary glands can potentially produce leptin. Leptin existing with Ob-Rb shows the peripheral action of leptin. The positive ex-pression of leptin and Ob-Rb had no significant differ-ence between the two groups, which may explain theectopic accumulation of lipid. ③ Disordered lipid me-tabolism may not be the determinant factor in the patho-genesis of OSAHS. ④ Endogenous hyperleptinemia may be the protective response to respiratory distur-bance and disordered lipid metabolism, and is also as-sociated with the continuous hypersympathetic activity. The level of leptin in plasma has a positive correlation with the severity of OSAHS.

Objective\ To introduce the speciality of pontine infaction in clinic and screenage.Method\ we made retrospective study on clinical data and image data of pontine infarction caused by BAD,and compared with the data of 31 patients with lacunar infarction in pontine.Result\ Clinical spetiality of BAD group:There are a few disturbance of consciousness,mainly the movement disturbance and dysarthria with ocular movement disturbance.Compared with the control group,there is difference between the two groups(P

Replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation therapy is an effective treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this article, mechanisms of this therapy in DN were summarized, which included improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation and relieving renal fibrosis. And it provided theoretical supports for DN treatment with TCM.

15 cases of large venous malformations in oral and maxillofacial region involving in multiple anatomical sites were treated by suture ligation and injection of pingyangmycin oleum iodisatum emulsion(PLE) for 2-5 times.Treatment effect of grade Ⅳ was observed in 12 cases,grade Ⅲ in 3 cases.No severe systemic adverse reaction and no local adverse reation were obseved in all cases.Suture ligation and PLE injection can enhance the therapeutic effect and reduce the adverse reactions in the treatment of large venous malformations of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Objective To explore the effects of different doses of 5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-6,7,5′-trimethoxyflavone nanoparticles (TTF1-NP)on the apoptosis of human hepatoma cells and human normal hepatocytes,and to explore their mechanisms through endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-meditated apoptosis pathway. Methods The human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2,Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5)and human hepatocytes (Chang Liver)were used as cell model, and divided into vehicle, 5-Fu and TTF1-NP treated groups with the concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 μmol·L-1 respectively. The inhibitory effects of TTF1-NP on the cell growth were assessed using MTT assay and the best inhibitory one (HepG-2)was selected as the main research cell lines.Flow cytometry was used to detect the TTF1-NP-induced apoptosis;Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the expressions of ERS key proteins.Finally,the expressions of key proteins were detected by Western blotting after using the ERS inhibitor 4-PBA.Results Compared with vehicle group,the inhibitory rates of growth of 4 kinds of human hepatoma cells in different concentrations of TTF1-NP groups were increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01);moreover,the inhibitory effects of TTF1-NP were in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Compared with vehicle group,the apoptotic rates of the cells in TTF1-NP groups were increased in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05 or P < 0.01 );the expression levels of ERS key proteins GRP78 and caspase-4 were increased with the increasing of the concentration of TTF1-NP (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).The expression levels of ERS key proteins GRP78 and caspase-4 induced by TTF1-NP were inhibited by ERS inhibitor 4-PBA (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). Conclusion TTF1-NP can induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells;ERS pathway plays a central role in TTF1-NP-induced apoptosis of HepG-2 cells.

Objective To develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS) of Acanthopanax senticosus total saponins(ASTS) and the determination method.Methods The equilibrium solubility of ASTS in different compositions of oils,emulsifier and assistant emulsifier was investigated.The self-microemulsion formula was optimized by constructing the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of blank SMEDDS and the studying the self-microemulsifying efficiency and the stability of drug-loaded SMEDDS.Taking isofraxidin,an effective component of A.senticosus,as the content determination index,the content was determined by HPLC.Results The optimal self-microemulsion formula was composed of Caf,propanediol,and ethyl linolenate.The ratio of them was 16∶4∶5.The average particle size was 40 nm.The average content of isofraxidin was 92.6 ?g/mL.Conclusion The acquired microemulsion with small particle size is stable.The content determination method of taking isofraxidin as the quality control index is accurate and reliable.

Objective To investigate the effect of delighted thinking on improving negative emotion of depression patients. Methods 100 depression patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 50 in each according to admission sequence. Both groups was executed antidepressionant drugs treatment and routine psychiatric care simultaneously. The observation group was given delighted thinking training on the basis of above treatment. The emotional recovery of two groups was observed. Results There was significant difference on facial expression, communication and limbs language after executing delighted thinking training in the observation group. And there was significant difference on scores of Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) at discharge. Scores of Nurses' Observation Scale during early, middle and late stage of delighted thinking training greatly improved compared with those before training. Conclusions Delighted thinking contributes to throw off negative thinking pattern of self-denial, stimulate positive passion threshold, improve depressed mood and raise treatment effect for depression patients.

Objective To study the value of D‐dimer for early diagnosing ischemic bowel disease(IBD) and to find more econom‐ic and more effective detection means for its diagnosis and control .Methods Ninety‐five patients with suspected acute IBD in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2015 were selected as the observation group ,and contemporaneous 74 individuals undergoing routine physical examination were selected as the control group .The differences in D‐dimer levels were compared between the con‐trol group and the patients with definitely diagnosed IBD in the observation group on 1 ,7 ,14 d after admission .At the same time the differences in initial WBC level and fecal occult blood were compared between the two groups .The sensitivity and specificity of plas‐ma D‐dimer level for early diagnosing IBD were calculated and their clinical application value was summarized .Results (1) Accord‐ing to plasma D‐dimer results ,the 74 cases of acute IBD were diagnosed and 21 cases were negative ,while 80 positive cases and 15 negative cases were diagnosed by adopting the CT inferior mesenteric arterial angiography and multislice spiral CT ,the sensitivity of plasma D‐dimer detection was 88 .75% and specificity was 80 .0% .(2) The D‐dimer level ,WBC count and fecal occult blood on 1 d after admission in the observation group were (5 480 .12 ± 876 .32)μg/L ,(17 .37 ± 2 .21) × 109/L and 81 .3% respectively ,which were far higher than those in the healthy control group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .(3)The D‐dimer levels on 1 ,7 ,14 d after admission in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0 .05) , while with the treatment duration extension ,the plasma D‐dimer level was gradually decreased .Conclusion The D‐dimer detection has a relatively higher sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of acute IBD and has better clinical application value .

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting the further implementation of national essential medicine system and rational use of drugs in community health service center. METHODS:Outpatients’information in Changqiao Street Communi-ty Health Service Center from Sept. 2,2009 to Nov. 25,2014 was collected to statistically analyze the drug variety,the number of prescriptions,the consumption sum and the DDDs before and after the implementation of essential medicine system and after the supplement of non essential medicines. RESULTS:Essential medicines occupied the main position of drug utilization in each stage, with substantial growth in respects of consumption sum and number of prescriptions;the sum of Chinese patent drugs and essential cardiovascular drugs occupied more than 50% of the total consumption sum and number of prescriptions,with higher growth rate;essential medicines occupied the top 10 in respects of consumption sum and DDDs,among which most were the drug varieties in“Shanghai supplement essential drugs in community health service center”(2010 Edition),with some overlap the varieties in“Na-tional Essential Medicine System”(2012 Edition);cardio-cerebrovascular drugs occupied the dominant position;the growth rates of cefotiam and atorvastatin took up the top 2 ranking in the list of consumption sum,while the growth rates of calcium carbonate D3 and irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide took up the top 2 ranking in the list of DDDs. CONCLUSIONS:Essential medicine cata-log covers the common drugs in the community health service center,in which the rational use of Chinese patent drugs and antibac-terial deserves needs to be noticed. The clinical rational use of the essential medicines should be strengthened,the essential medi-cine catalog should be adjusted and non essential medicines should be supplied when necessary in order to truly meet the needs of patients and optimize the allocation of medical resources.