Currently,three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide:H1N1,H3N2,and H1N2.European avian-like H1N1 viruses,which were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979,have been circulating in pigs in eastern China since 2007.In this study,six influenza A viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from January to April 2011 in eastern China.Based on whole genome sequencing,molecular characteristics of two isolates were determined.Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight genes of the two isolates were closely related to those of the avian-like H1N1 viruses circulating in pig populations,especially similar to those found in China.Four potential glycosylation sites were observed at positions 13,26,198,277 in the HA1 proteins of the two isolates.Due to the presence of a stop codon at codon 12,the isolates contained truncated PB1-F2 proteins.In this study,the isolates contained 591Q,627E and 701N in the polymerase subunit PB2,which had been shown to be determinants of virulence and host adaptation.The isolates also had a D rather than E at position 92 of the NS1,a marker of mammalian adaptation.Both isolates contained the GPKV motif at the PDZ ligand domain of the 3' end of the NS1,a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1999,which is distinct from those of avian,human and classical swine viruses.The M2 proteins of the isolates have the mutation (S31N),a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1987,which may confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine antivirals.Our findings further emphasize the importance of surveillance on the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses in pigs,and raise more concerns about the occurrence of cross-species transmission events.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of maintenance chemotherapy for patients who had local advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and was responsive to primary radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with stage ⅢA or ⅢB NSCLC received 4 cycles of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. The 63 patients who achieved certain remission were randomly divided into maintenance chemotherapy group(n=33) and control group(n=30). The patients in maintenance chemotherapy group (treatment group) received vinorelbine (20 mg/m2, d 1 and d 8, per 28 d a cycle) and those in control group were not given maintenance chemotherapy. The clinical efficacy, survival rate and adverse reaction of the two groups were evaluated. Results:There are a longer median time to progression(TTP) in treatment group compared with control group (8.5 month vs 5.0 month, P<0.05). The 1-and 2-year survival rates were 66.7% and 36.4% in the treatment group and 60.7% and 32.1% in the control group, respectively. The difference between the survival rates of two groups was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion:Maintenance vinorelbine-based chemotherapy prolonged the median time to progression but had no effect on survival time in patients with local advanced NSCLC who responded to induction chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the methods and curative effect of metallic self-expanding stent in inoperable malignant gas-troduodenal obstruction. Methods The data of 15 cases with gastroduodenal obstruction including 9 cases of carcinoma of head of pancreas and 6 cases of carcinoma of stomach were analyzed retrospectively. The operative procedures of the stent implanted and the tors accepted more radiation dose because the manipulation was under the fluoroscopy in a short distance and with a full field of view. sions, the postoperative eating habit and the development turnover of disease. The main death reasons were tumor transfer and sys-tem exhaustion. Conclusion To pay close attention to the details and main points of operative procedure is the key point to implant stent successfully for malignant gastroduodenal obstruction. The determinative factor to influence the curative effect is the develop-ment turnover of tumor.

Objective To explore the effects of oxidative damage and selenium on the apoptosis of articular chondrocytes and the expression of selenoprotein genes.Methods C28/I2 chondrocytes were preincubated for 24 h,using sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) for 24 h.The experiment was divided into six groups,including control group (C,0.00 mg/L Na2,SeO3 + 0.00 μmol/L tBHP),selenium beforehand protection group (S2,0.10 mg/L Na2SeO3),oxidative damage group (O,150.00 μmol/L tBHP),low dose selenium protection group (OS 1,0.05mg/L Na2SeO3 + 150.00 μmol/L tBHP),medium dose selenium protection group (OS2,0.10 mg/L Na2SeO3 + 150.00 μmol/L tBHP),and high dose selenium protection group (OS3,0.15 mg/L Na2SeO3 + 150.00 μmol/L tBHP).After 24 h,Hoechst 33342 staining method was used to observe apoptosis,mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1),GPX4,deiodinase 2 (DIO2),DIO3,selenoprotein P (SEPP1),thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1) and selenoprotein W(Sel W) was detected by Real-time PCR,both experiments were done three times.Results Apoptotic rates of C,S2,O,OS1,OS2,OS3 groups [(0.78 ± 0.06)％,(13.61 ± 7.11)％,(92.27 ± 3.44)％,(71.38 ± 5.22)％,(44.31 ± 9.16)％,(72.46 ± 4.69)％] were compared between groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =120.10,P ＜ 0.01).The apoptotic rates of O group was significantly higher than that of C group (P ＜ 0.05);compared to O group,the apoptotic rates of OS1,OS2,OS3 groups decreased significantly (P＜ 0.05),OS2 group was the most obvious.DIO2,SEPP1,GPX1,GPX4,TrxR-1,Sel W mRNA levels were compared in the six groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =24.60,14.53,127.60,30.60,637.10,59.64,P ＜ 0.01).Compared to C group (1.00 ± 0.00),the mRNA levels of GPX1 (0.10 ± 0.05),GPX4 (0.43 ± 0.09),TrxR-1 (0.11 ± 0.05) and Sel W (0.72 ± 0.15) in O groups were decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05);compared to 0 group,the mRNA levels of GPX1 in OS1 (0.20 ± 0.03),OS2 (0.74 ± 0.10),and OS3 (0.30 ± 0.07) were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Down-regulated expression of selenoprotein genes are involved in the regulation process of articular cartilage apoptosis caused by oxidative stress,selenium also has a regulatory role in selenoprotein gene expression in articular chondrocytes.