Objective To investigate the value of low tube voltage with sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) through comparing the image quality of regular dose scanning with filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction and low-dose scanning with SAFIRE. Methods Eleven healthy adult domestic dogs were scanned with different doses. The regular dose of 120 kV/65 mA in combination with FBP reconstruction was set as the normal control group, and 100 kV/65 mA plus SAFIRE reconstruction was used as the low kV group. The CT dose index (CTDI), dose length product (DLP), and the effective dose (ED) at different doses were compared, and the average CT value, noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the image quality score of two groups of images were also analyzed. Results ED in the low kV groups was reduced by 39.33%compared to that in the normal control group. No significant differences were found in the average CT value of the same tissue among these two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, image noise of the lung tissue, superior vena cava and spinal muscle of low kV group were consistently decreased, SNR was in also creased, while the noise ratio contrast between superior vena cava and fat was increased. The image quality score of the low kV group was increased by 1.70%compared to that of the normal control group. Conclusion The low kV scan with SAFIRE technology can decrease the radiation dose and improve image quality in chest CT examination of domestic dogs, with a potential value in the clinical promotion and the application.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of glutamate in the cortex of cynomolgus monkeys during cerebral ischemia.Methods Proximal M1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 1 h in 3 young cynomolgus monkeys (7.3 ± 1.5 years old) to induce cerebral ischemia.Magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic deficit scoring were used to evaluate the ischemia and observe the manifestations,respectively.Fast Analytical Sensing Technology (FAST) was applied to record the content of cortex glutamate in the same site of ipsilateral primary motor cortex in the periods of pre-,during,and post-occlusion,and at 1 and 2 weeks after surgery.Results Compared with pre-occlusion,the content of glutamate was increased significantly in the process of occluding in the MCA M1 (P =0.003);No significant difference was observed in the content during occluding and post-occlusion (P--0.877).The content in the first week was decreased obviously as compared with post-occlusion (P--0.004),but it showed no statistical difference with that in the second week (P =0.085).Conclusion Cerebral ischemia may potentially accelerate the extra-cellular glutamate release in the cortex,but reperfusion may ameliorate or balance off the glutamate release.

Objective To investigate the effects of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in early pregnancy on the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Sichuan Province. Methods A case-control study was performed on 1 508 gravidas at 8-14 gestational weeks in Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children from February to July, 2017. Baseline information during early pregnancy was collected through questionnaires. Information on time and intensity of physical activity were collected through pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. The time spent in MVPA was calculated and was categorized as active ( ≥ 3.5 h/week) or inactive MVPA (<3.5 h/week). Based on self-reported pre-pregnancy weights collected by questionnaire as well as the measured heights, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy was calculated. After a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 gestational weeks, all subjects were divided into GDM (n=561) or non-GDM group (n=947), according to the GDM diagnostic criteria of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pregnancy Diabetes in China (2014). Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the time of MVPA in early pregnancy and GDM incidence. ResuLts The median time spent in MVPA [M(P25-P75)] in early pregnancy was 3.00 (0.50-3.12) h/week, and 345 gravidas (22.9%) were classified as active in MVPA. After the control of confounding factors such as age, gravidity and parity history, and pre-pregnancy BMI, the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the inactive group, the risk of GDM of active MVPA gravidas was reduced by 26.1% (OR=0.739, 95%CI: 0.553-0.989, P=0.042). Among primigravidas and primiparae, the risk of GDM in active MVPA gravidas was decreased by 47.6% and 44.3% than the inactive ones, respectively (primigravidas: OR=0.524, 95%CI: 0.297-0.925, P=0.026; primiparae: OR=0.557, 95%CI: 0.357-0.868, P=0.010). ConcLusions Insufficient physical activity in early pregnancy is common in gravidas in Sichuan, China. The risk of GDM could be reduced if the frequency of MVPA during early pregnancy is no less than 3.5 h/week, especially in primigravidas and primiparae.

OBJECTIVE：To provide refere nce f or the quality control and evaluation of rice-wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma decoction piece. METHODS ：Taking 17 batches of rice-wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma decoction piece from different manufacturers as samples ，HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of 4 kinds of alkaloids as epiberberine ，coptisine， palmatine and berberine. The compound weights of epiberberine ，berberine，palmatine and berberine were calculated by the subjective and objective combination weighting method （AHP combined with variation coefficient ）. Then the quality evaluation method was used to evaluate the quality of decoction pieces combined with the appearance of decoction pieces and the contents of 4 alkaloids. The percent mass constant was calculated and the grade of rice-wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma decoction piece was classified. RESULTS ：According to the results of content determination of 4 kinds of alkaloids ，among 17 batches of samples ，a total of 13 batches of samples met the requirements of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ）. Mass constants of 13 batches of qualified samples were 10.03-26.96，and the percent mass constants were 37.20％-100％. If the percent mass constant ≥ 80％ of the sample was listed as the first-class product ，the sample with the percent mass constant between 50％-＜80％ was classified as the second-class product ，and the rest was listed as the third-class product ，therefore the quality constant of first-class product was ≥21.57，that of second-class product was 13.48-＜21.57，and that of third-class product was ＜13.48. According to the grading standard ，3 batches of 13 batches of qualified samples are classified as first-class products ，6 batches are classified as second-class products ，4 batches are classified as third-class products. CONCLUSIONS ：The established subjective and objective combination weighting method and quality constant method can more scientifically and reasonably classify rice-wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma decoction piece.

OBJECTIVE：To isolate and purify baicalin metabolites from rat bile ，and to study its effect on the proliferation of liver cancer HepG 2 cells. METHODS ：Totally of 6 SD rats were collected ，anesthetized and then intubated with bile ducts. They were given baicalin （168 mg/kg）intragastrically after the rats were awake as well as the bile sample 1 was collected during 24 h after intragastric administration. After processed ，bile sample 1 was preliminarily analyzed by HPLC. Another 5 SD rats were anesthetized and intubated in the same way as above ，and then given baicalin intragastrically （400 mg/kg）. The bile sample 2 was collected during 48 h after intragastric administration. After processed ，the bile sample 2 was isolated and purified by semi-preparative HPLC. The isolated metabolites were identified by using UV ，IR，MS and NMR ，as well as based on physical and chemical properties. MTT method combined with high content cell imaging analysis system was used to study the effect of the metabolites on the proliferation of HepG 2 cells. RESULTS ：Baicalin was mainly metabolized into metabolite 1 and metabolite 2 through bile. After isolation and purification ， they were identified as oroxylin A- 7-O-β-D-glucuronide and 2726719792@qq.com baicalein 6-O-β-D-glucuronide. The results of MTT assay showed that the metabolite 2 had a significant inhibitory effect 分析。E-mail：gaoxl@gmc.edu.cn on the proliferation of HepG 2 cells，and its IC 50 was 90 µg/mL；the results of high content cell imaging analysis showed that at a certain concentration metabolite 2 may inhibit proliferation by changing the mitochondrial distribution and membrane permeability of HepG 2 cells（studies on the pharmacological activities of metabolism 1 had been reported ，it was skipped in this study ）. CONCLUSIONS ：In this study ，two baicalin bile metabolites were successfully isolated and identified ，of which baicalein 6-O-β-D-glucuronide has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG 2 cells.