Objective To investigate the protective effects of edaravone combined with ulinastatin on the treatment of brain injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods A total of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 groups that consisted of a normal control 6 and 48 hour group,a SAP 6 and 48 hour group,an edaravone treated 6 and 48 hour group,a ulinastatin treated 6 and 48 hour group,and finally a combination of edaravone and ulinastatin treated 6 and 48 hour group.Each group included 10 rats.Neurobehavioral scores were observed and a series of blood,pancreatic tissue,and brain tissue samples were obtained at 6 and 48 hours after operation.Serum amylase,brain tissue Evans Blue content,brain tissue water content,and the histopathological change of the pancreas and brain tissues were observed.Serum TNF-α was detected by RIA.The TNF-α mRNA and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) p65 activity in brain tissues were measured with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results In contrast to the 48 hour SAP,edaravone treated,and ulinastatin treated groups,the serum amylase,brain tissue Evans Blue content,brain tissue water content,histopathological score of the rat pancreas and brain tissue,serum TNF-a,TNF-a mRNA,and NF-κB p65 activity in brain tissues significantly decreased while neurobehavioral scores significantly increased in the 48 hour combined edaravone and ulinastatin treatment group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Edaravone combined with ulinastatin can play a protective role on brain injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective To explore the effects of batroxobin on the microcirculation of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods A total of 38 patients with SAP were randomly divided into group A (21 cases) and group B (17 cases). Patients in group A were treated with routine method andpatients in greup B were treated with routine method plus batroxobin injection. Another 18 normal individuals were used as control. The levels of plasma endothelin (ET), thromboxane B_2 (TXB_2) and 6-keto-PGF_(1α)were measured by radioimmunoassay. At the same time, the ratio of TXB_2/6-keto-PGF_(1α) was observed. The Balthazar CT and APACHE Ⅱ scores were monitored and compared between group A and group B. Results The levels of plasma 6-keto-PGF_(1α) were significantly higher while the levels of plasma ET, TXB_2 and the ratio of TXB_2/6-keto-PGF_(1α) were significantly lower in group B at 6 days after admission [(129.3 ± 12.9) ng/L, (93.8 ± 9.9) ng/L, (254.4 ± 24.9) ng/L and 1.83 ± 0.31]as compared with those in group B on admission [(98.9 ± 10.7) ng/L, (140.3 ± 13.1) ng/L, (311.4 ± 31.5) ng/L and 3.16 ± 0.54]and group A at 6 days after admission [(108.2 ± 11.6) ng/L, (120.3 ± 11.4) ng/L, (308.5 ± 31.1) ng/L and 2.84 ± 0.43](P < 0.05). The Balthazar CT and APACHE Ⅱ scores in group B at 6 days after admission were significantly lower than those in group B on admission and group A at 6 days after admission (P< 0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusion Batroxobin is an effective way to improve the microcirculation in SAP.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of Saussurea involucrate injection in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats.Methods A total of 80 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups:SAP group (three hours、48 hours),Saussurea involucrate treated group (three hours、48 hours),ulinastatin control group (three hours、48 hours) and sham operation group (three hours、48 hours),10 rats in each group.After modeling,the rats of SAP group were regularly feeded and the rats of other three group were treated with Saussurea involucrate injection (1.04 mL/kg) intraperitoneal injection,ulinastatin 10 000 U/L tail vein injection,and saline femoral vein injection,respectively and injected every 12 hours.At three hours and 48 hours after treated,blood and pancreatic tissue samples were obtained.The mortality rate,serum amylase level and pathological changes of the pancreas of each group were observed.Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in pancreatic tissues was determined by chemical colorimetry.The level of TNF-α mRNA,IL 6 mRNA and IL-10 mRNA in pancreatic tissues were measured with reverse trascription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The activity of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the pancreatic tissue was tested by immunohistochemistry.Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare multiple groups,and the least significant difference (LSD) method was used in the multiple comparisons between groups.Fisher's exact probability method was performed for rates comparison.Results At 48 hours,there was no statistically significant difference in mortality rate among Saussurea involucrate treated group,SAP group and ulinastatin groups (all P＞0.05).At 48 hours,the histopathology score (8.13 ± 0.64),levels of serum amylase ((2 597.0±214.0) U/L),TNF-α ((254.4±11.6) ng/L),IL-6 ((441.4±14.6) ng/L),levels of pancreatic tissues MDA ((311.0±10.6) mmol/L),TNF-α mRNA(2.04±0.08),IL-6 mRNA (1.77±0.04)and activity of NF-κB p65 ((25.90±2.90)％) of Saussurea involucrate treated group were all lower than those of SAP group (11.40±0.89,(4 780.0±101.0) U/L,(396.0±7.4) ng/L,(664.4± 7.6) ng/L,(418.0± 10.6) mmol/L,2.94±0.03,2.63±0.08 and (51.60±5.27) ％;however level of serum IL-10 ((133.5±6.9) ng/L vs (95.1±5.2) ng/L) and IL-10 mRNA of the pancreatic tissue (1.38±0.06 vs 0.85±0.03) significantly increased (F=253.07、441.63、489.40、2 465.00、196.65、477.89、562.79、131.70、560.18、570.04,all P＜0.01).There was no significant differences in all above parameters between Saussurea involucrate treated group and ulinastatin groups (7.56±0.88,(2 607.0±239.0) U/L,(252.2 ±9.2) ng/L,(443.4±9.6) ng/L,(308.4±9.2) mmol/L,2.10±0.12,1.74±0.04,(26.00±3.67)％,(134.5±7.8) ng/L and 1.42±0.06) at 48 hours (all P＞0.05).Conclusion Saussurea involucrate injection can eliminate oxygen free radicals and prevent to xidation,inhibit NF-κB activation,regulate synthesis and release of cytokines,and alleviate pancreatic injury in SAP rats,but it can not decrease mortality.