OBJECTIVE: To probe into the status quo and the tendency of the application of intravenous infusions. METHODS: Data on the application of intravenous infusions in one of the tertiary Grade A comprehensive hospital in 1996, 1999, 2002 and 2004 were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The variety of infusion, the total quantity and the total amount of money of infusions increased year by year,the total consumption sum of infusions accounted for 10% of that of the whole year drugs; the majority of which were the consumption of nutritional and dielectric medicines, of which, glucose and sodium chloride injections accounted for 74% of the total; the infusion of treatment type increased fast, much as in cases of anti - infec-tives; the drug expense for each bottle of infusion increased year by year, the amount of money involved in infusion drugs accounted for 60% of the total year round drug consumption sum. CONCLUSION: There is an upward trend in both the quantity and consumption sum of infusions.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of bidding of antimicrobial drugs on hospital drugs consumption.METHODS: Based on the classification on drug bidding in 2007,the consumption data of antimicrobial drugs in 2006 in a 3-A grade hospital was analyzed,meanwhile,the price reduction rate,the consumption,the average daily cost and the impact factor of the antimicrobial drugs on the drug bidding list of 2007 were analyzed according to different specification or variety.RESULTS: The varieties winning the bid in 2007 which falls into the varieties winning the bid in 2006 represented 56.48% of all the varieties used in 2006,11 of the top 30 kinds of drugs in terms of consumption in 2006 also won the bid in 2007;accounting for 37.73% in consumption sum.In 2007 compared with 2006,cefamandole,cefodizime,pazufloxacin showed a biggest impact factor,whereas cefodizime and pazufloxacin ranked at the first 2 places in terms of weight impact factor.The proportion of the top 10 drugs in the total on the list of consumption sum remained steady from 2006 to 2007.CONCLUSIONS: The continuous drug bidding has positive meaning for patients,yet the benefit brought about by the drug price reduction is inconspicuous on account of the reduced consumption of the varieties which experienced drug reduction.Drug bidding remains to be improved because the average drug costs for patients haven't been brought down by the drug price reduction.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference data for well understanding of high cost to access medical service for diabetic patients and controlling increase of medical costs.METHODS:Average daily cost of diabetic drugs in 1998 was compared with in 2008.At the same time it was compared with GDP and per-captia disposable income(PCDI).RESULTS:GDP,PCDI,consumption sum of total drugs and consumption sum of diabetic drugs in 2008 respectively were 3.78 times,3.11 times,3.87 times,2.73 times compared with in 1998.Amount of and daily average expenses of insulin respectively were 3.46 times,1.23 times;DDDs and daily average expense of oral hypoglycemics respectively were 1.69 times,1.41 times,compared with in 1998.Incremental rate of daily average expense of insulin injection and oral hypoglycemics were lower than that of PCDI.The daily average expense was increased as a result of the use of joint venture import drugs and new drugs and increase of diabetic patients.CONCLUSION:Incremental rate of daily average expense of diabetic drugs is lower than that of PCDI.High cost to access medical service for diabetic patients isn't equal to high cost of drugs.Many factors related should be considered from the point of view of society.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified infusion(2-4 h infusion or continuous 24 h infusion)versus traditional infusion(0.5-1 h infusion)of meropenem in the treatment of severe infectious,and to provide evi-dence-based reference for clinic treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from Medline,CJFD,VIP database and Wanfang database, modified infusion(test group)versus traditional infusion(control group)of meropenem in the treatment of severe infections were collected,and Mata-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 statistical software after extracting data and evaluating quality. RESULTS:A total of 13 studies were included,involving 1 012 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed the effective rate [RR=1.25,95%CI(1.10,1.43),P<0.001] and bacterial eradication rate [RR=1.25,95%CI(1.05,1.48),P=0.01] in test groups were sig-nificantly higher than those of control group,and there were no significant differences in the mortality rate [RR=0.74,95%CI (0.46,1.18),P=0.21] and incidence of adverse reactions [RR=0.81,95%CI(0.48,1.39),P=0.45]. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with traditional infusion of meropenem,extended or continuous infusion can improve efficacy in the treatment of severe infections, with similar safety. Due to methodology limit of included studies,large-scale and high quality RCT are required for further valida-tion of the conclusions.

_ Objective_ To analyze the relationship between the fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) of pre-pregnancy women and occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus( GDM) , and to explore the value of risk evaluation of GDM by lowerling cut-point for impaired fasting glucose ( IFG ) . Methods The general clinic check information before pregnancy, the plasma glucose levels during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes were collected prospectively in Weifang and Zhucheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital between February 2014 and November 2014. The FPG levels of the recruited women were lower than 6. 1 mmol/L. According to the criteria for GDM of Ministry of Health (MOH)of China in 2011, and based on the results of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, pregnant women who underwent screening for GDM were recruited and separated into normal group and GDM group. Based on the FPG levels before pregnancy and according to the recommendation as American Diabetes Association ( ADA ) suggested in 2003, recruited women with normal FPG level according to World Health Organization ( WHO) criteria (1999)were divided into 5. 6-6. 1 mmol/L and<5. 6 mmol/L groups. Results Among the child-bearing age women with FPG<6. 1 mmol/L, the incidences of GDM and macrosomia were 19. 2% and 8. 2% respectively. In the group with FPG between 5. 6 and 6. 1 mmol/L, incidences of GDM and macrosomia were 34. 2% and 4. 7%respectively. While in the group with FPG<5. 6 mmol/L, incidences of GDM and macrosomia were 13. 2% and 15. 3% respectively. The risks of GDM and macrosomia were increased by 2. 6 times and 3. 3 times respectively in group with FPG between 5. 6 and 6. 1 mmol/L (34. 5%), compared with that in group with FPG<5. 6 mmol/L(P<0. 01). Age, FPG, and body mass index before pregnancy in GDM group were significantly higher than those in normal group. The receiver operating characteristic curves in predicting GDM showed that the optimum cut-points for age, FPG, and body mass index were 30 years old, 5. 55 mmol/L, and 23. 7 kg/m2 respectively. Conclusions The risk of GDM in childbearing aged women with FPG from 5. 55 to 6. 10 mmol/L was markedly increased. The optimum cut-point for FPG (5. 55 mmol/L) in predicting GDM was close to the low limit for IFG (5. 6 mmol/L) suggested by ADA in 2003. Decreasing the lower limit of IFG to 5. 6 mmol/L among women who checked before pregnancy and paying attention to those women with FPG from 5. 6 to 6. 1 mmol/L would have advantage to the evaluation and prevention of GDM.