Entamoeba is a zoonotic protozoan that can parasitize in the intestine and other organs in human and animals . There are many species in this genus ,but only Entamoeba histolytica can cause amebic colitis and liver abscess ,and even death .The cysts and trophozoits are difficult to be discriminated for pathogenic and nonpathogenic Entamoeba .And there is al-so difference in the pathogenicity ,infectivity etc .,even in the same species .Therefore ,it is difficult to confirm the Entamoeba species according to traditional method ,thus affecting the use of medicine .In this article ,the research progress of molecular examination and genotyping method about entamoeba are reviewed .

Objective To evaluate peri-operative clinical effects of transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate(TUVP) combined with transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) versus open prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods A total of 156 cases of BPH were surgically treated in this hospital from November 1997 to December 2004,including 53 cases of TUVP combined with TURP(Combination Group) and 103 cases of open suprapublic prostatectomy(Open Group). Results There were no significant differences in the operation time between the two groups(90?70 min vs 108?68 min;t=(-1.550),P=0.123).The Combination Group was superior to the Open Group in the blood transfusion rate(8% vs 38%;?~2=16.109,P=0.000),the time to clear urine(2?1 d vs 4?1 d;t=-11.831,P=0.000),the postoperative catheterization time(10?8 d vs 19?10 d;t=-5.680,P=0.000),the time to get out of bed(6?4 d vs 20?10 d;t=-9.785,P=0.000),and the postoperative hospital stay(20?14 d vs 34?24 d;t=-3.914,P=0.000).The incidence of complications was higher in the Combination Group than in the Open Group(15.1% vs 2.9%;?~2=6.173,P=0.013).Conclusions TUVP in combination with TURP for benign prostate hyperplasia has advantages of little invasion and rapid recovery.

Integrable Ware is a new kind of teaching software.The construction of integrable ware system has two parts: integrable ware base and development platform.This paper discussed the making methods of Integrable Ware system and its noteworthy items for general practice education according to its practical situation.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of AV45(the labeled precursor of PET agent for Aβ plaques)and its related substances. METHODS:HPLC method was performed on the column of Inertsil C18 with mobile phase of 50 mmol/L Disodium hydrogen phosphate solution- acetonitrile(containing 0.01% triethylamine)(15∶85,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 325 nm,and column temperature was 30 ℃,and volume injection was 20 μl. RESULTS:The AV45 and reaction intermediate as well as individual impurity peaks were well separated;the linear range was 200-1 000 μg/ml for AV45(r=0.999 2)and 20-100 μg/ml for intermediate(r=0.999 6);the detection limit and quantification limit of reaction in-termediate AV45 were 0.1 ng and 0.5 ng,respectively;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 0.5%;recovery of AV45 was 98.93%-101.58%(RSD=0.69%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate with high specificity and good reproducibility,and suitable for content determination of AV45(the labeled precursor of PET agent for Aβplaques)and its related substances.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of human papillomavirus(HPV )genotype combined with thinprep cytologic test(TCT )in the diagnosis of cervical lesion .Methods A total of 473 patients were checked for 21 subtypes of HPV by diversion hybrid gene chip technology ,TCT and colposcope biopsy were also detected at the same time .The histology was selected as a gold standard to analyze the tested results .Results The over all positive rate of HPV in 473 patients was 35 .7% .The positive rate of high risk HPV(HR‐HPV) was 32 .1% ,the positive rate of TCT was 26 .6% ,the sensibility ,specificity ,false negative rate , positive predictive value and negative predictive value between HR‐HPV detection and TCT detection were no statistical signifi‐cance(χ2 = 3 .444 ,P= 0 .063) .The sensibility ,specificity ,false negative rate ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of combining test were 95 .8% ,77 .7% ,4 .2% ,52 .3% and 98 .7% ,the sensibility and negative predictive value improved notably , and the omission diagnose rate decreased significantly(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion HPV genotype combined with TCT detection could significantly improve sensibility and negative predictive value and decrease omission diagnose rate in diagnosis of cervical lesion .

BACKGROUND:A series of studies have demonstrated that ventral mesencephalic dopamine precursors may differentiate into considerable dopaminergic neurons (DNs) available for cell transplantation for Parkinson's disease.However,the detailed molecular characteristics of these cells remain undear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of main marker genes of DNs cultured in vitro.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:This observation experiment was performed at the Brain Tumor Laboratory in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Shanghai Biochip Company from December 2005 to December 2008.MATERIALS:Inbred pregnant Wistar rats (F+36) weighing 300 g approximately were used for in vitro culture of mesencephalic cells.METHODS:Ventral mesencephalic cells from inbred pregnant Wistar rats were cultured with basic fibroblast growth factor,and were induced to differentiate in vitro with L-Ascorbic acid-2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt.Total RNA were extracted before and 4,7 days after the induction.Affymetrix microarrays were utilized to detect the expression changes of main marker genes of DNs.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Morphologic changes of differentiated ventral mesencephalic precursors;Expression of DN-ralated common marker genes before and after the induced differentiation.RESULTS:Rat ventral mesencephalic precursors differentiated into numerous tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells,which expressed multiple marker genes of DNs,such as AHD2,calcium binding protein 1 (Cab1),DDC,DAT,Drd2,Girk2,VMAT-2,with variously degrees and with different tendencies.Among those genes,only Cab1 was significantly up-regulated and only Girk2 was significantiy down-regulated.CONCLUSION:Rat ventral mesencephalic precursors can be induced to differentiate into plenty of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive DNs,mainly originating in A10 regions.

Objective To evaluate the changes in noxious stimulation intensity at different periods of pneumoperitoneum in gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods Forty-five ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients, aged 25-36 yr, with body mass index 18-23 kg/m2 , undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 15 each) . In group Ⅰ , anesthesia was maintained with TCI of remifentanil (target plasma concentration 4-6 ng/ml) and propofol (target plasma concentration 2 μg/ml) , and the concentrations were ad-justed according to the changes in BP and HR to maintain hemodynamics stable. Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups received inhala-tion of isoflurane (end-tidal concentration 1%-2%) and TCI of remifentanil (target plasma concentration 2-4ng/ml) . TCI of remifentanil was then stopped at 5 min before pneumoperitoneum (group Ⅱ ) or at 5 min after theend of rapid inflation (group Ⅲ ) , and isoflurane was inhaled (end-tidal concentration 1%-2% ) to maintain anes-thesia until the end of operation in Ⅱ and Ⅲ group. Before anesthesia (T0 ), 5 min before pneumoperitoneum (T1), 5 and 15 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2,3), HR and MAP were monitored and venous blood samples were taken for determination of plasma cortisol (Cor) , norepinephrine ( NE) and epinephrine ( E) concentrations. Results HR, MAP and NE and E concentrations at T2,3 , and Cor concentrations at T3 were significantly higher than those at T0 ingroup Ⅱ , and in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ (P<0.05). HR, MAP and NE and E concentrations at T2,3 ,and Cur concentrations at T3 were significantly lower in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The intensity of noxious stimulation is strongest during rapid inflation among the different periods of pneumoperitoneum in gynecological laparoscopic surgery and the depth of anesthesia should be regulated.

Objective To summarize the experience of surgical techniques and prevention of postoperative complications of giant intracranial meningiomas.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with giant intracranial meningiomas were analyzed retrospectively.The cause of operative complications was analyzed and the experience was summarized.Results The meningiomas Simpson grade Ⅰ resection was 16 is.cases,grade Ⅱ resection was 9 cases,grade Ⅲ resection was 5 cases,grade Ⅳ resection was 2 cases.The postoperative complications included anemia was 14 cases,intracranial hemorrhage was 2 cases,severe cerebral edema was 4 cases,epilepsy was 3 cases,cerebral infarction was 2 cases,and recovered well after treatment.Conclusion Good surgical technique,advanced prevention of surgical complications,early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis.

Objective: To make research on the ethical problems of autopsy in medical dispute and propose corresponding solutions.Method: By discussing some real cases.Result: We has proposed some ways to solve these problems after classifying these cases into four groups: hospital, relatives, news media, and autopsy organization.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Shenfu injection combined with Danshen chuanxiongqin injection in the treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease patients with heart failure. METHODS:Totally 100 chronic pulmonary heart disease patients with heart failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Patients in control group were given routine treatment,including antispasmodic asthma,low-flow oxygen therapy,anti-inflammatory,diuretic strong heart, maintaining the body water,electrolyte balance,vasoactive drugs and dopamine,etc. Patients in observation group were given Shenfu injection 50 ml and Danshen chuanxiongqin injection 10 ml adding into 5% glucose injection 250 ml based on the treatment of control group,iv,once a day. The course of both was 14 d. The clinical data was observed,including clinical efficacy,improve-ment time of signs and symptoms,p(O2),p(CO2),SV,LVEF,LVEDD,LVSD and the incidence of adverse reactions before and after treatment. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the remission time of cyanosis,slowing time of heart rate and subsided time of swelling were significantly shorter than control group,with signif-icant differences(P<0.05). After treatment,the p(O2),p(CO2),SV,LVEF,LVEDD and LVSD in 2 groups were significantly bet-ter than before,and observation group was better than control group,with significant differences(P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on the treatment,Shenfu injection combined with Danshen chuanxion-gqin injection has better clinical efficacy than routine treatment in the treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease patients with heart failure,with similar safety.