Objective To probe into the medical cost and economic losses of childhood asthma. Methods Total 200 of asthmatic children aged 2~16 yrs were diagnosed according to asthma OPD and enrolled in this study from the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University during 2005—2006. All of them were taken the epidemiologic and economic survey. Results Among them, 184 were from kindergartens, primary or middle schools. There were totally 7 629 days for the asthmatic children absent from class per year because of illness. The overall direct economic loss was RMB 798 467.00 and indirect loss was RMB 210 997.80 yearly. Conclusion Asthma not only brings about great impact on children physical and mental health, but also exerts massive economic loss on the society and families. The whole society and medical workers should pay more attention to it and try to reduce its harm to a relatively low level.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ（PPARγ）level in predicting hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non thrombolytic acute cerebral infarction. MethodsA total of 92 patients with non thrombolytic acute cerebral infarction who were treated in our hospital from May 2017 to May 2020 were selected as the research objects，and they were divided into hemorrhagic transformation group（n=14）and non hemorrhagic transformation group（n=78）according to the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation. The plasma levels of PPARγ and fibronectin（FN）were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）；the correlation between plasma PPAR-γand blood lipid levels in patients with hemorrhagic transformation of non thrombolytic acute cerebral infarction was analyzed；the predictive value of plasma PPARγ and FN levels on hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non thrombolytic acute cerebral infarction was analyzed；the influencing factors of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non thrombolytic acute cerebral infarction were analyzed. ResultsThe levels of PPARγ and FN were higher than those in non hemorrhagic transformation group，The area under the curve（AUC）of plasma PPARγ and FN levels in predicting hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non thrombolytic acute cerebral infarction was 0.933 and 0.860，respectively，the specificity was 89.7% and 78.2%，and sensitivity was 85.7% and 78.6%，respectively；the AUC of the combined prediction was 0.952，the specificity was 89.7%，and the sensitivity was 92.9%. PPARγ was an independent risk factor for hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non thrombolytic acute cerebral infarction（P<0.05）. ConclusionPlasma PPARγ is a factor influencing hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non thrombolytic acute cerebral infarction，which may have important predictive value for secondary hemorrhagic transformation.

Objective: To investigate whether the plasmid ?1neo-hgp100 could be expressed and presented in vitro and could protect the immunized mice from B16F10 challenge in vivo. Methods: ?1neo-hgp100 plasmid was constructed in which the DNA sequence encoding hgp100 CTL epitope inserted into CDR3 of ?1-neo vector. The expression of anti-bodized antigen and IFN-? in supernatant was measured by ELISA respectively after transfection J558L with ?1neo-hgp100 and further co-culture of J588L transfacted with ?1 neo-hgp100 and pmel TCR transgenic T cell. After introspleenic inoculation of ?1neo-hgp100, the protective efficacy of the gene vaccine was observed by means of measuring the tumor area every two days. Results: ?1neo-hgp100 could be expressed and presented in vitro, the immunogenecity of CTL epitope of hgp100 was strong enough and could activate gp100 specific T cell, the mice immunized with the gene vaccine could resist the tumor challenging in vivo. The mean survival time was prolonged to 36 days, compared to control group (P

Objective To evaluate the changes in noxious stimulation intensity at different periods of pneumoperitoneum in gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods Forty-five ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients, aged 25-36 yr, with body mass index 18-23 kg/m2 , undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 15 each) . In group Ⅰ , anesthesia was maintained with TCI of remifentanil (target plasma concentration 4-6 ng/ml) and propofol (target plasma concentration 2 μg/ml) , and the concentrations were ad-justed according to the changes in BP and HR to maintain hemodynamics stable. Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups received inhala-tion of isoflurane (end-tidal concentration 1%-2%) and TCI of remifentanil (target plasma concentration 2-4ng/ml) . TCI of remifentanil was then stopped at 5 min before pneumoperitoneum (group Ⅱ ) or at 5 min after theend of rapid inflation (group Ⅲ ) , and isoflurane was inhaled (end-tidal concentration 1%-2% ) to maintain anes-thesia until the end of operation in Ⅱ and Ⅲ group. Before anesthesia (T0 ), 5 min before pneumoperitoneum (T1), 5 and 15 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2,3), HR and MAP were monitored and venous blood samples were taken for determination of plasma cortisol (Cor) , norepinephrine ( NE) and epinephrine ( E) concentrations. Results HR, MAP and NE and E concentrations at T2,3 , and Cor concentrations at T3 were significantly higher than those at T0 ingroup Ⅱ , and in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ (P<0.05). HR, MAP and NE and E concentrations at T2,3 ,and Cur concentrations at T3 were significantly lower in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The intensity of noxious stimulation is strongest during rapid inflation among the different periods of pneumoperitoneum in gynecological laparoscopic surgery and the depth of anesthesia should be regulated.

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is one of those diseases that are significantly affected by meteorological factors. There is close relationship between asthma attack and meteorological factor. There have been some studies on the relationship between asthma and meteorological factors at home and abroad, but the results are various due to different area conditions.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between asthmatic attack and meteorological factors in children in Qingdao city.DESIGN: Observational experiment.SETTING: The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Altogether 445 inpatient children, 307 males, 138 females, aged ＜ 14 years, who were diagnosed of asthma attack definitely, of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical University, Qingdao Haici Hospital,Qingdao Children Hospital between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2004 were retrieved.METHODS: The asthmatic attack time of 445 children patients with asthmatic attack of Qingdao city and concurrent month mean temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and other meteorologic al data were collected.Seasonal rhythm of asthmatic attack in children and the relationship between asthmatic attack and meteorological factors were analyzed with circular distribution analysis and linear regression analysis, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Month attack information of 445 asthma patients. ② Circular distribution analysis results of asthmatic attack time. ③ Linear regression analysis results about the relationship between asthma attack and meteorological factors.RESULTS: ① Data revealed that asthmatic attack in Qingdao city focused on November, December, January and February, which took up 47.9% of total amount in that year. There were 307 male patients (incidence 3.12%)in a year,female patients only 138 cases (incidence 1.51%), which revealed that boys have a higher incidence of asthma attack than girls. ②The peak season of incidence of asthmatic attack was found in winter and peak season for male and female patients was in January and December, respectively (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Higher incidence of asthmatic attack of children was related with higher air pressure, lower temperature, lower relative humidity(r =0.435, -0.320, -0.296, all P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The incidence of asthma attack presents seasonal rhythm in Qingdao city and it is influenced by climate conditions. Therefore, enough consideration of meteorological factors should be paid on preventive works for asthma.

Objective To evaluate the changes in noxious stimulation intensity at different periods of pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.Methods Forty-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 25-36 years,with body mass index of 18-23 kg/m2,undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery,were randomly divided into three groups (n =15 each).In group Ⅰ,anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil (with target plasma concentration of 4-6 ng/ml) and propofol (with target plasma concentration of 2 μg/ml),and the concentrations were adjusted according to the changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) to maintain hemodynamics stable.Group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ received inhalation of isoflurane (with the end-tidal concentration of 1％-2％) and TCI of remifentanil (with target plasma concentration of 2-4 ng/ml).TCI of remifentanil was then stopped at 5 minutes before pneumoperitoneum (group Ⅱ) or at 5 minutes after the end of rapid inflation (group Ⅲ),and isoflurane was inhaled (with the end-tidal concentration of 1％-2％) to maintain anesthesia until the end of operation in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Before anesthesia (T0),5 minutes before pneumoperitoneum (T1),after 5 and 15 minutes of pneumoperitoneum (T2,3),HR and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were monitored and venous blood samples were taken for determination of plasma concentrations of cortisol (Cor),norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E).Results HR,MAP,and NE and E concentrations at T2,3,and Cor concentrations at T3 were significantly higher than those at T0 in group Ⅱ.They were significantly higher in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05),but were significantly lower in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ (P＜0.05).Conclusion The intensity of noxious stimulation is strongest during rapid inflation among the different periods of pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery and the depth of anesthesia should be regulated.

AIM:To compare three different solvent extraction procedures affecting the extraction rate of polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.). METHODS: We used single factor experiments, optimized the extraction process of polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) by alkali solution and ethanol-alkali solution, respectively, and contrasted the two methods with the water extraction method that had been reported, determined the extraction rate of polysaccharide by optimum condition of three kinds of solvent. RESULTS: These results showed that ethanol-alkali extraction procedure had the highest extraction rate, 1.12 times more than water extraction procedure and 1.06 times more than alkali extraction procedure. CONCLUSION: Ethanol-alkali extraction procedure is a high effective and stable for polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.).

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myxoid synovial sarcoma (MSS).Methods Clinicopathological changes and immunophenotype were retrospectively evaluated in two MSS cases collected from Fujian Provincial Hospital,conbined with genetic mutation analysis.The relevant literatures were reviewed to explore its clinical and pathological features of this tumor.Restilts The two cases,one man and one woman,aged 71 and 15years,respectively.Tumor was located in the left down abdomen in case 1,and left frontal temporal lobe in case 2.Histopathologically,at low magnification in case 1,the tumor was nodular,which was made up of areas of hypercellularity and hypocellularity.In some areas of hypocellularity,the tumor cells were arranged in fascicular,story-form,sheet arrangements with mucoid degeneration.In hypercellularity area,the tumor cells were arranged in fascicular,fish bone-liked arrangenents.At low magnification in case 2,the tumor was nodular,which was made up of areas of hypercellularity and hypocellularity.In hypocellularity area,the tumor cells were arranged in net-like,sheet arrangements,and fascicular,sheet arrangements in case 2.In some area,the tumor cells were epithelioid with cluster distribution,without infringing brain tissue.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells were diffusely positive for BCL-2,vimentin,and α-SMA and EMA were partially positive,while CD34,CD57,S-100,CD117,PLAP were negative.However,in case 2,only BCL-2 was positive,and MyoD1,GFAP,Olig-2,EMA,Syn,CD99,CgA,S-100,Myogenin,STAT6,CD34,desmin and α-SMA were negative.Molecular detection SYT-SSX fusion gene was detected in both cases.Conclusion MSS is a rare malignancy of soft tissue.The diagnosis of MSS depends on molecular pathology.The clinical and pathological findings are different from mucinous fibrosarcoma and solitary fibrous tumor.The treatment is surgical resection,combined with radiotherapy,with poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Okam on asthmatic mice.Methods The mice model of asthma was established with the egg albumen sensitization, and were treated with low and large doses of Okam for four weeks.The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the contents of matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the lung tissues.Results Gasp and inflammation in the lung tissues were significantly relieved in the test groups than that in the model group.MMP-9,TIMP-1 and MMP- 9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly lowered in the test group than that in the model group. Conclusion The marine drug of Okam shows therapeutic effects on mice with asthma,which may be the result of reduced contents of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues and the correction of the imbalanced MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio.Okam is likely to be a new choice for the treatment of asthma.

Objective: To observe the effect of tripterygium polyglycosid(TP,雷公藤) on airway inflammation and remodeling in rats with asthma.Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided evenly into negative control group,positive control group,normal dose TP group(TPⅠ group) and small dose TP group(TPⅡgroup).The experimental model was induced by ovalbumin sensitization.Number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was observed by immunocytochemical staining.The expressions of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B),matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) and tissue of inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results: Compared with the negative control group,the counts of lymphocyte,neutrophilic leukocyte,macrophage and eosinocyte in BALF were elevated significantly,positive cell percentages of NF-?B, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in lung tissues increased greatly in positive control group,the differences being significant(all P