Objective To probe into the medical cost and economic losses of childhood asthma. Methods Total 200 of asthmatic children aged 2~16 yrs were diagnosed according to asthma OPD and enrolled in this study from the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University during 2005—2006. All of them were taken the epidemiologic and economic survey. Results Among them, 184 were from kindergartens, primary or middle schools. There were totally 7 629 days for the asthmatic children absent from class per year because of illness. The overall direct economic loss was RMB 798 467.00 and indirect loss was RMB 210 997.80 yearly. Conclusion Asthma not only brings about great impact on children physical and mental health, but also exerts massive economic loss on the society and families. The whole society and medical workers should pay more attention to it and try to reduce its harm to a relatively low level.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farina drops on children with allergic rhinitis. METHOD: This was retrospective study analyzing the efficacy of dermatophaguides farinae drops SLIT in 110 patients (aged 4-14 years old) with house dust mites induced allergic rhinitis (without asthma). All the patients were divided into the SLIT group (n = 60) and drug group (n = 50). Patients in SLIT group received sublingual immunotherapy combined with symptomatic medication, and patients in drug group only received symptomatic medication. We recorded and evaluated the total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), total medication scores (TMS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) of the 2 groups at three time points, before the treatment, and the treatment for 1-year and 2-year. RESULT: After 1-year and 2-year treatment, compared with drug group, TMS, TNSS and VAS in SLIT group decreased significantly (P < 0.01). When compared with baseline, we got the similar result as compared with drug group. Besides, the TMS of drug group increased significantly after treatment (P < 0.01). And no significant difference was observed in TNSS and VAS. In addition, there was significant difference in the Proportion of patients withdrawing symptomatic medication in SLIT group and drug group (68.33%,16.00%, respectively; P < 0.01). There were 4 local adverse reactions occurred during the treatment and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION Sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae drops showed significant clinical efficacy in children with allergic rhinitis comparing with pharmacotherapy.
Administration, Sublingual ; Adolescent ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; administration & dosage ; Asthma ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate whether the plasmid ?1neo-hgp100 could be expressed and presented in vitro and could protect the immunized mice from B16F10 challenge in vivo. Methods: ?1neo-hgp100 plasmid was constructed in which the DNA sequence encoding hgp100 CTL epitope inserted into CDR3 of ?1-neo vector. The expression of anti-bodized antigen and IFN-? in supernatant was measured by ELISA respectively after transfection J558L with ?1neo-hgp100 and further co-culture of J588L transfacted with ?1 neo-hgp100 and pmel TCR transgenic T cell. After introspleenic inoculation of ?1neo-hgp100, the protective efficacy of the gene vaccine was observed by means of measuring the tumor area every two days. Results: ?1neo-hgp100 could be expressed and presented in vitro, the immunogenecity of CTL epitope of hgp100 was strong enough and could activate gp100 specific T cell, the mice immunized with the gene vaccine could resist the tumor challenging in vivo. The mean survival time was prolonged to 36 days, compared to control group (P

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is one of those diseases that are significantly affected by meteorological factors. There is close relationship between asthma attack and meteorological factor. There have been some studies on the relationship between asthma and meteorological factors at home and abroad, but the results are various due to different area conditions.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between asthmatic attack and meteorological factors in children in Qingdao city.DESIGN: Observational experiment.SETTING: The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Altogether 445 inpatient children, 307 males, 138 females, aged ＜ 14 years, who were diagnosed of asthma attack definitely, of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical University, Qingdao Haici Hospital,Qingdao Children Hospital between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2004 were retrieved.METHODS: The asthmatic attack time of 445 children patients with asthmatic attack of Qingdao city and concurrent month mean temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and other meteorologic al data were collected.Seasonal rhythm of asthmatic attack in children and the relationship between asthmatic attack and meteorological factors were analyzed with circular distribution analysis and linear regression analysis, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Month attack information of 445 asthma patients. ② Circular distribution analysis results of asthmatic attack time. ③ Linear regression analysis results about the relationship between asthma attack and meteorological factors.RESULTS: ① Data revealed that asthmatic attack in Qingdao city focused on November, December, January and February, which took up 47.9% of total amount in that year. There were 307 male patients (incidence 3.12%)in a year,female patients only 138 cases (incidence 1.51%), which revealed that boys have a higher incidence of asthma attack than girls. ②The peak season of incidence of asthmatic attack was found in winter and peak season for male and female patients was in January and December, respectively (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Higher incidence of asthmatic attack of children was related with higher air pressure, lower temperature, lower relative humidity(r =0.435, -0.320, -0.296, all P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The incidence of asthma attack presents seasonal rhythm in Qingdao city and it is influenced by climate conditions. Therefore, enough consideration of meteorological factors should be paid on preventive works for asthma.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Okam on asthmatic mice.Methods The mice model of asthma was established with the egg albumen sensitization, and were treated with low and large doses of Okam for four weeks.The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the contents of matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the lung tissues.Results Gasp and inflammation in the lung tissues were significantly relieved in the test groups than that in the model group.MMP-9,TIMP-1 and MMP- 9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly lowered in the test group than that in the model group. Conclusion The marine drug of Okam shows therapeutic effects on mice with asthma,which may be the result of reduced contents of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues and the correction of the imbalanced MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio.Okam is likely to be a new choice for the treatment of asthma.

Objective: To observe the effect of tripterygium polyglycosid(TP,雷公藤) on airway inflammation and remodeling in rats with asthma.Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided evenly into negative control group,positive control group,normal dose TP group(TPⅠ group) and small dose TP group(TPⅡgroup).The experimental model was induced by ovalbumin sensitization.Number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was observed by immunocytochemical staining.The expressions of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B),matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) and tissue of inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results: Compared with the negative control group,the counts of lymphocyte,neutrophilic leukocyte,macrophage and eosinocyte in BALF were elevated significantly,positive cell percentages of NF-?B, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in lung tissues increased greatly in positive control group,the differences being significant(all P

Myasthenia gravis(MG)is an autoimmune disease, and local or systemic muscle weakness is the main symptom.The main auxiliary tests are serological, pharmacological and electrophysiological tests.Autoantibodies are the most important biomarkers to guide the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.The clinical features and autoantibodies of myasthenia gravis in children were different from those in adults.Therefore, this paper summarizes the clinical significance of the main autoantibodies acetylcholine receptor(AChR)antibody, muscle specific kinase(MuSK)antibody, low density lipoprotein receptor associated protein 4(LRP-4)antibody and other related antibodies in children with myasthenia gravis, which has certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and individualized treatment of myasthenia gravis.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of oblique insertion at anatomical points and conventional acupuncture for sacroiliac joint injury.

METHODSEighty patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each one. In the observation group, oblique insertion therapy at anatomical points was used, and the 9 points of equal division (anatomical points) marked by palpating the anatomical symbol were treated as the insertion acupoints. In the control group, conventional acupuncture was applied, and perpendicular insertion was adopted at Huantiao (GB 30), Zhibian (BL 54) and Weizhong (BL 40), etc. In the two groups, the! treatment was given once a day and 5 times per week. Ten treatments were made into one course and two courses were required. The clinical effects, the changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunctional index. (ODI) before and after treatment were observed in the two groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of the observation group was 90.0% (36/40), which was better than 72.5% (29/40) of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the results of the VAS and ODI of the two groups were apparently declined (both P < 0.01), and those in the observation group were decreased more obviously (both P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of oblique inser-tion at anatomical points for sacroiliac joint injury is superior to that of conventional acupuncture, which can effectively relieve pain and improve the disfunction.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sacroiliac Joint ; injuries ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the value of modified Chinese Version of Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids(TRACK) in the management of asthmatic children aged 0-5 years old by comparing with Global Ini-tiative for Asthma(GINA) guideline. Methods: A total of 157 children aged 0-5 years old were enrolled at the Pedia-tric Asthma Outpatient Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from March to August 2018.All children were treated with individualized anti-asthma treatment for 3 months.After treatment, asthma experts assessed the level of asthma symptom control based on the GINA guideline, while caregivers of all children completed TRACK questionnaire.The optimal threshold of the TRACK questionnaire for asthma control was determined by analyzing receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve), and consistency of the 2 evaluation methods was compared. Results: All enrolled children were divided into 3 groups based on GINA guideline: 59 children for the well controlled group, 52 children for the partly controlled group and 46 children for the uncontrolled group.There was a significant difference statistically in TRACK scores among the well controlled group [90(85, 95) scores], the partly controlled group [80(70, 85) scores] and the uncontrolled group [60(55, 65) scores] after treatment (H=101.740, P<0.001). Area under the ROC curve was 0.909 for diagnosing asthma control by the modified Chinese version of TRACK, with 80 scores for optimal threshold, 87.3% for sensitivity and 73.5% for specificity.The Kappa value of the consistency test between the TRACK questionnaire and the GINA guideline was 0.553, and consistency rate of these 2 evaluation methods was 77.1%. Conclusions The modified Chinese version of TRACK can be used as an effective assessment tool to monitor and manage asthmatic children aged 0-5 years.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the expression of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family 6 (SLAMF6) on peripheral blood CD8 +T cells and perforin and granzyme B and the clinical significance in patients with newly diagnosed severe aplastic anemia(SAA). Methods:The indicators of blood routine and bone marrow and peripheral blood samples of 32 newly diagnosed SAA patients admitted to Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2016 to June 2019 were collected for retrospective analysis. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of SLAMF6, perforin and granzyme B on samples CD8 +T cell before therapy and 6 months after therapy (11 cases received transplantation, 21 cases received immunosuppressive therapy [IST]). Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the association between clinical indicators and laboratory test results. The expression of SLAMF6, perforin and granzyme B was also detected in 10 healthy people (normal group) and 13 myelodysplastic syndromes/paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (MDS/PNH) patients (MDS/PNH group). Results:(1) At diagnosis: the expression of SLAMF6 was significantly lower in the SAA group than that in the normal group and the MDS/PNH group ([56.40±6.37]% vs [84.34±5.81]% and [82.24±4.98]% (both P<0.001]). The expression of perforin was significantly higher in the SAA group (32.73±8.46) than that in the normal control group (23.75%±5.10%), and the MDS/PNH group (26.12%±5.53%) (both P<0.05). The expression of granzyme B was also significantly higher in the SAA group (36.23%±7.94%) than that in the normal control group (21.67%±5.05%) and the MDS/PNH group (21.79%±5.10%) (both P<0.001). The expression of SLAMF6 was positively correlated with the hemoglobin ( r=0.804), and reticulocyte absolute values ( r=0.656) in peripheral blood, percentage of granulocytes ( r=0.643) and erythrocytes ( r=0.622) in bone marrow of SAA patients (all P<0.05). Expression of SLAMF6 was negatively correlated with perforin ( r=-0.792) and granzyme B ( r=-0.908) on CD8 +T cells in patients with SAA (both P<0.001). (2) After treatment: the expression of SLAMF6 in peripheral blood CD8 +T cells of 30 surviving patients was higher than pre-treatment ([79.19±12.69]% vs [56.40±6.37]%, P<0.001). The expressions of perforin and granzyme B were lower than pre-treatment level (both P<0.05). The expression of SLAMF6 on CD8 +T cells in 11 transplanted patients was higher than before transplantation ([86.54±3.75]% vs [56.40±7.35]%, P<0.001). The expressions of perforin and granzyme B were lower than before transplantation (both P<0.05). The expression of SLAMF6 on CD8 +T cells in 12 IST-respond patients was higher than that before treatment, while the perforin and granzyme B levels were lower than pre-treatment (all P<0.05). The post-treatment expressions of SLAMF6, perforin and granzyme B were similar as before treatment levels in 7 IST-unrespond patients (all P>0.05). Conclusion:SLAMF6 is significantly down-regulated on CD8 +T cells in newly diagnosed SAA, negatively correlated with the effective factors of CD8 +T cells, which might participate in the immune regulatory of CD8 +T cells as a negative regulatory factor in patients with SAA. The SLAMF6 is significantly up-regulated after hematopoietic recovery, while there is no significant change in treatment-unrespond patients, which could thus serve as an useful diagnostic and therapeutic index of patients with SAA.