Objective:To examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Transgender Atti-tudes and Beliefs Scale(TABS)in the general adult population.Methods:A total of 1 656 residents aged≥18 years were recruited by convenient sampling method,and were equally divided into sample 1 and sample 2 accord-ing to age group.The total sample was used for item analysis and internal consistency reliability test.Sample 1 was used for exploratory factor analysis,Sample 2 was used for confirmatory factor analysis,and 60 residents were se-lected for retesting at a 2-week interval.Results:The TABS Chinese version included a total of 26 items,with the content validity index(I-CVI)of each item ranging from 0.83 to 1.00,and the content validity index(S-CVI)of the scale being 0.98.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors,namely interpersonal comfort,gender beliefs,and human value,with a cumulative total variance of 57.13％.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale fit was acceptable(x2/df=2.95,RMSEA=0.05,GFI=0.92,AGFI=0.90).The Cronbach α coefficients of the total score of the scale and the scores of the 3 factors were 0.95,0.95,0.88 and 0.86.The retest reliabilities were 0.88,0.78,0.65 and 0.91.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale(TABS)has good validity and reliability in assessing general adults'attitudes toward the transgender community.

Objective:To examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Transgender Atti-tudes and Beliefs Scale(TABS)in the general adult population.Methods:A total of 1 656 residents aged≥18 years were recruited by convenient sampling method,and were equally divided into sample 1 and sample 2 accord-ing to age group.The total sample was used for item analysis and internal consistency reliability test.Sample 1 was used for exploratory factor analysis,Sample 2 was used for confirmatory factor analysis,and 60 residents were se-lected for retesting at a 2-week interval.Results:The TABS Chinese version included a total of 26 items,with the content validity index(I-CVI)of each item ranging from 0.83 to 1.00,and the content validity index(S-CVI)of the scale being 0.98.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors,namely interpersonal comfort,gender beliefs,and human value,with a cumulative total variance of 57.13％.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale fit was acceptable(x2/df=2.95,RMSEA=0.05,GFI=0.92,AGFI=0.90).The Cronbach α coefficients of the total score of the scale and the scores of the 3 factors were 0.95,0.95,0.88 and 0.86.The retest reliabilities were 0.88,0.78,0.65 and 0.91.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale(TABS)has good validity and reliability in assessing general adults'attitudes toward the transgender community.

Objective:To explore the relation of depressive and anxiety symptoms to defense mechanism in transgender population.Methods:Totally 451 transgender patients in the sexual and psychological outpatient depart-ment of a hospital were selected.They were assessed with the self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Defense Mechanism Scale(DSQ).The SDS standard score of ≥53 was classified as having depressive symptoms,and the SAS standard score of ≥50 was classified as having anxiety symptoms.Re-sults:The detection rates of depression and anxiety were 46.8％and 28.8％respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SDS scores were positively correlated with DSQ scores of projection,conceit,complaint,with-drawal,somatization,control,isolation and identity(β=0.08-0.22),while SDS scores were negatively correlated with DSQ scores of sublimation,depression,omnipotence with incompetence and denial(0=-0.09--0.19).The SAS scores were positively correlated with the DSQ scores of projection,latent manifestation,somatization,control,isolation,identity,and consumption tendency(0=0.09-0.26),while the SAS scores were negatively cor-related with the DSQ scores of sublimation,depression,omnipotence accompanied by incompetence,and denial(β=-0.09--0.15).Conclusion:The proportion of depression and anxiety symptoms detected in the transgender group is higher,which may be related to the use of some defenses.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To explore the differences in clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes between patients with type A and type B alcohol dependence, and to find the independent risk factors of relapse.Methods:Alcohol-dependent male patients attending the Addiction Medicine Center of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected for the study and divided into type A alcohol-dependent group ( n=77) and type B alcohol-dependent group ( n=87). All patients were given acute detoxification treatment and were followed up after treatment on relapse to drinking. Differences in demographic and clinical data were compared between the two groups, and differences in treatment outcomes between the two groups at different time points over 3 months were compared. Patients were divided into relapse group and non-relapse group according to whether they drank again after 3 months. Logistic regression model was established to screen the risk factors of relapse of alcohol-dependent patients by SPSS 25.0 software. Results:There was no significant difference between the two types of patients in years of education, marital status, smoking status and working status(all P>0.05), but the proportion of co-residents( χ2=5.69, P=0.017) and the proportion of positive family history of alcoholism were significant difference between the two type of patients( χ2=13.32, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences between the two types of patients in the onset time( t=-7.28, P<0.001), the first drinking age( t=-2.36, P=0.020), the proportion of drinking in the morning( χ2=7.83, P=0.005), psychotic symptoms( χ2=4.31, P=0.038), convulsions after withdrawal( χ2=5.30, P=0.021), and alcohol use disorder identification test(AUDIT) score( t=4.30, P<0.001). At the 4th and 8th weekend of the follow-up, there were statistically significant differences in drinking frequency(0(0, 3), 0(0, 0), Z=-4.13, P<0.001; 3(0, 3), 0(0, 3), Z=-4.42, P<0.001) and relapse rate (40(45.98%), 9(11.69%), χ2=22.92, P<0.001; 61(70.11%), 24(31.17%), χ2=24.82, P<0.001) between the two types of alcohol dependence patients after drinking again. After 12-week follow-up, there were statistically significant differences between the two types of alcohol-dependent patients in the interval of first drinking(20(7, 30)d, 88(38, 90)d, Z=-7.83, P<0.001), the cumulative duration of abstinence(4(0, 8)weeks, 12(4, 12)weeks, Z=-5.13, P<0.001), the cumulative rate of abstinence(71(81.60%), 25(32.47%), χ2=40.62, P<0.001), the frequency of drinking after abstinence(3(3, 3), 0(0, 3), Z=-5.54, P<0.001), and the reduction of daily average alcohol consumption( t=3.36, P<0.001). Logistic regression model showed that type B alcohol dependence ( OR=3.121, P=0.03, 95% CI: 1.12-8.72) and AUDIT score ( OR=1.498, P<0.01, 95% CI: 1.29-1.74) were the risk factors for relapse of alcohol-dependent patients. Conclusions:Patients with type A and type B alcohol dependence have obvious differences in clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes, and type B alcohol dependence is independent risk factor for relapse to drinking in alcohol-dependent patients, which validate the rationality and necessity of alcohol dependence subtypes.

Objective To investigate the development, hot spots and trends of event-related potentials for cognitive function research. Methods The literatures about application of event-related potentials in cognitive function research from 2011 to 2021 in CNKI and Web of Science core collection database were retrieved. The countries, authors, institutions, cited reference and keywords were extracted with CiteSpace to draw knowledge mapping. Results The most of researches came from the United States. For China, the author published the most researches was Zhan Xianghong, and the institute was the West China Mental Health Center of Sichuan University; the keywords such as P300 and depression were the most frequent, and researches focused on Alzheimer's disease, depression and schizophrenia, etc., which tended to use negative correlation changes of event-related potentials. Internationally, the author publishing the most researches was christian beste, and the institute was University of California, San Diego. The keywords such as attention and electroencephalograph were the most frequent, and researches focused on Alzheimer's disease and bipolar disorder, etc., which tended to focus on the P300 theta oscillation. Conclusion The application of event-related potential in cognitive function remains heat, to explore the cognitive dysfunction after various diseases.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of repeated cue exposure therapy combined with biofeedback training on patients with alcohol dependence after acute withdrawal.Methods:A total of 130 male alcohol dependent patients (PADs) who were hospitalized in Beijing Huilongguan Hospital from November 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled, and after the alcohol withdrawal syndrome eliminated, the PADs were divided into two groups by randomized controlled research methods as follows: repeated cue exposure combined biofeedback therapy group (study group, SG) and routine treatment group (control group, CG). After controlling the symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal, the SG patients were given cue exposure therapy and biofeedback training 12 times, and the CG patients were given routine rehabilitation treatment and general psychological support over a four-week session. The psychological craving for alcohol of two groups were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) before and afer treatment. Both groups were discharged after four-week treatment and received follow-ups at the end of the 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th and 52th week, respectively. The alcohol consumption questionnaire was used to evaluated with the recurrence rate, cumulative abstinence duration (CAD), time to first re-drinking, and average daily alcohol consumption after relapse for each follow-up assessment. Independent sample t test or chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results:The decrement of VAS before and after cue exposure treatments in the SG was significantly higher than that in the CG (2.10(0.33,2.78) vs. 0.60(-0.30,1.70), Z=-3.50, P=0.001).The decrement of AUQ score was also significantly higher than the CG (3.00(1.00,6.00) vs.1.00(-2.00,4.00), Z=-3.02, P=0.003). There was a significant difference in the rate of recurrence at the end of week-4 between the SG and CG (30.0% vs. 54.2%, χ2=7.17, P=0.007). The time before the first re-drinking in the experimental group was longer than that in the control group (52.5(26.0,208.5) d vs. 21.0(5.0,183.0) d, Z=-2.5, P=0.013). The total average daily alcohol consumption of the experimental group was lower than that of the Control Group (11.0±8.5 vs.15.2±8.6, t=-2.69, P=0.008). Conclusions:The results suggest that repeated cue exposure combined with biofeedback therapy can reduce the psychological craving for alcohol and recurrence rate after a short term of treatment. Meanwhile, the long-term (follow-up 1 year after treatment) recurrence rate may not change significantly, however the first re-drinking can be postponed, and they tend to drink less even if they re-drink again.

Objective:To explore the abnormal features of cortical thickness of brain regions in patients with alcohol dependence (PADs) after acute detoxication and the correlation with clinical features of PADs.Methods:In this study, male inpatients with alcohol dependence (patient group, n=33) and healthy controls (control group, n=35) matched with age and education were enrolled during the period of Apr 2017 to Apr 2018. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, general demographic and clinical information were collected. FreeSurfer software was used to process the MRI data and compute the bilateral cortical thickness across 74 brain regions. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to analyse the differences of cortical thickness in different brain regions between the two groups, and the correlation between the cortex thickness and their clinical features in PADs was explored by using correlation analysis. Results:Compared with HCs, PADs showed significantly decreased cortical thickness of brain regions in the left middle and pole occipital, right superior occipital gyri, bilateral superior and inferior parietal gyri, and right intraparietal sulcus (all P<0.000 34, after Bonferroni correction). Positive correlation was found between the thickness of left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) and initial drinking age ( r=0.428, P=0.024) in PADs. Conclusion:The cortex thickness reduction of bilateral posterior parietal cortex might be a more characteristic injury in PADs. Furthermore, the initial drinking age may have a more obvious effect on the cortex of the left SPG.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of repeated cue exposure therapy combined with biofeedback training on patients with alcohol dependence after acute withdrawal.Methods:A total of 130 male alcohol dependent patients (PADs) who were hospitalized in Beijing Huilongguan Hospital from November 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled, and after the alcohol withdrawal syndrome eliminated, the PADs were divided into two groups by randomized controlled research methods as follows: repeated cue exposure combined biofeedback therapy group (study group, SG) and routine treatment group (control group, CG). After controlling the symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal, the SG patients were given cue exposure therapy and biofeedback training 12 times, and the CG patients were given routine rehabilitation treatment and general psychological support over a four-week session. The psychological craving for alcohol of two groups were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) before and afer treatment. Both groups were discharged after four-week treatment and received follow-ups at the end of the 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th and 52th week, respectively. The alcohol consumption questionnaire was used to evaluated with the recurrence rate, cumulative abstinence duration (CAD), time to first re-drinking, and average daily alcohol consumption after relapse for each follow-up assessment. Independent sample t test or chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results:The decrement of VAS before and after cue exposure treatments in the SG was significantly higher than that in the CG (2.10(0.33,2.78) vs. 0.60(-0.30,1.70), Z=-3.50, P=0.001).The decrement of AUQ score was also significantly higher than the CG (3.00(1.00,6.00) vs.1.00(-2.00,4.00), Z=-3.02, P=0.003). There was a significant difference in the rate of recurrence at the end of week-4 between the SG and CG (30.0% vs. 54.2%, χ2=7.17, P=0.007). The time before the first re-drinking in the experimental group was longer than that in the control group (52.5(26.0,208.5) d vs. 21.0(5.0,183.0) d, Z=-2.5, P=0.013). The total average daily alcohol consumption of the experimental group was lower than that of the Control Group (11.0±8.5 vs.15.2±8.6, t=-2.69, P=0.008). Conclusions:The results suggest that repeated cue exposure combined with biofeedback therapy can reduce the psychological craving for alcohol and recurrence rate after a short term of treatment. Meanwhile, the long-term (follow-up 1 year after treatment) recurrence rate may not change significantly, however the first re-drinking can be postponed, and they tend to drink less even if they re-drink again.

Objective:To explore the abnormal features of cortical thickness of brain regions in patients with alcohol dependence (PADs) after acute detoxication and the correlation with clinical features of PADs.Methods:In this study, male inpatients with alcohol dependence (patient group, n=33) and healthy controls (control group, n=35) matched with age and education were enrolled during the period of Apr 2017 to Apr 2018. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, general demographic and clinical information were collected. FreeSurfer software was used to process the MRI data and compute the bilateral cortical thickness across 74 brain regions. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to analyse the differences of cortical thickness in different brain regions between the two groups, and the correlation between the cortex thickness and their clinical features in PADs was explored by using correlation analysis. Results:Compared with HCs, PADs showed significantly decreased cortical thickness of brain regions in the left middle and pole occipital, right superior occipital gyri, bilateral superior and inferior parietal gyri, and right intraparietal sulcus (all P<0.000 34, after Bonferroni correction). Positive correlation was found between the thickness of left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) and initial drinking age ( r=0.428, P=0.024) in PADs. Conclusion:The cortex thickness reduction of bilateral posterior parietal cortex might be a more characteristic injury in PADs. Furthermore, the initial drinking age may have a more obvious effect on the cortex of the left SPG.