The essential oil of Yuzu was extracted from the peel by solvent extraction, and analyzed by combined capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and retention indices. Among 71 identified compounds, there were 21 hydrocarbons which were mainly limonene and γ-terpinene, and 50 oxygenated compounds in representative of linalool, α-terpineol, thymol and aliphatic aldehydes.

Objective To explore the effect of MPCNL in the treatment of complex proximal ureteral calculi.Methods 90 cases were involved in treatment of complex proximal ureteral calculi in our hospital.MPCNL group were 45 cases and U RL group surgery were 45 cases.Results The operation time,bleeding,single surgery success rate,stone-free rate after surgery success for URL and MPCNL were(34.8 ± 10.5) minutes and ( 112.5 ± 12.4) minutes,(12.5 ± 4.6)ml and (51.3 ±3.7)ml,71.1％ and 95.6％,91.1％ and 97.8％ respectively(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The operntive time of URL is shorter,blood loss of URL is less than those of MPCNL,but the success rate of surgery and stone-free rate of URL is not higher than those of MPCNL.Both treatment methods are safe and reliable without serious complications.

The authors first give a detailed account of the background against which humanistic medicine came into being and then expound the connotations of humanistic medicine. These include the following aspects. The first one is humanism and the humanistic spirit. The second one is humanistic medicine and the three implications it embodies. The authors argue that humanistic medicine, taken as the science of benevolence, ought to regard the patient as the unity of three aspects, physiological, psychological and social. The third one is medical humanity, viz. medical humanity is indispensable to the advancement from physiological medicine to humanistic medicine. As to what disciplines are involved in medical humanity, no final conclusion has yet been reached on this matter so far.

The core of the ethical and legal issues in the treatment and recovery of patients with mental disorders is the balance between public security and individual interests. In the treatment and recovery of patients with mental disorders, it is imperative to adhere to the principles of respecting basic hmnan rights and respecting the freedom, dignity, equality and rights of the individual, protect the privacy of the patient, stick to the combination of hospital recovery and community recovery, and strictly define the boundary between willing treatment and unwilling treatment. The aim is to promote the recovery and return of patients to society. At the same time, it is necessary to put issues of mental hygiene in China on the demestic legislative agenda and set up a specialized multi-level legal system of mental hygiene.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of occult thyroid carcinoma(OCT).MethodsRetrospective analysis on the clinical data of 34 cases of OCT was made. ResultsOnly 6 cases were preoperatively diagnosed as OCT. Total resection of the affected lobe and isthmus was performed on 16 cases with neck dissection in 14 cases. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed on 18 cases. The occult cancer lesion was pathologically confirmed within ipsolateral lobe in all the 34 cases. Neck lymph node metastasis was found in 4 cases and local infiltration in 3 cases. The psammoma bodies in cancer lesion and adjacent normal gland were found in 15 cases. Thirty-one cases were followed up for an average of 9 years. One died of lung metastasis and two more of other unrelated diseases. Conclusion(1) The psammoma bodies in normal thyroid gland usually imply the existence of cancer. (2) Total thyroidectomy of a lobe or subtotal thyroidectomy was the therapy of choice. Local infiltration or neck lymph node metastasis necessitates additional neck dissection.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the safety and effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition(TPN),and to provide reference for clinical rational use. METHODS:1400 TPN prescriptions in PIVAS from Jan. to Jun. 2013 were analyzed statistically in re-spects of rationality and stability. RESULTS:Among 1400 TPN prescriptions,there were 433 prescriptions of unreasonable glu-cose-lipid ratio(30.93%),782 prescriptions of unreasonable hot-nitrogen ratio(55.86%),443 prescriptions of unreasonable liquid amount(31.64%),1 261 prescriptions of unreasonable total calorie(90.07%)and 383 prescriptions of unreasonable treatment du-ration (27.36%). CONCLUSIONS:TPN prescription design is reasonable,but there are still some problems as low calorie,too high or too low hot nitrogen ratio,improper electrolyte dosage,improper duration of nutrition support. Clinicians should accurately assess the nutritional status of patients to design the prescriptions rationally and improve clinical safety and effectiveness of TPN. Pharmacists should further ensure the reasonableness of the prescription by prescription checking.

[ ABSTRACT ] AIM: To investigate the effect of catalpol on the activity of osteoblasts ( OB ) and osteoclasts ( OC) , and OB estrogen receptor ( ER) α/βmRNA expression in the OB-OC co-culture system.METHODS: OB and OC were isolated from the SD rats of 1 and 5 days old.In the OB-OC co-culture system, different concentrations of catalpol including low dosage (0.05 , 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/L), middle dosage (2, 5 and 10 mg/L), and high dosage (20, 50 and 100 mg/L) were added into the culture medium to detect the changes of OB proliferation by MTT assay.The catalpol at maximal dosage was added to OB section to detect the alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) activity of OB by pNPP method.The mRNA expression of ERα/βin the OB treated with catalpol in the co-culture system was detected by RT-PCR.The catalpol at maximal dosage was added to OC group to detect the activity of OC by microscopy and tartrate-resistantacid phosphatase ( TRAP) activity detection.RESULTS:In 0.05~2 mg/L catalpol groups, the proliferation of OB was significantly in-creased as compared with control group in the co-culture system, and it reached the maximum value when catalpol was at 0.05 mg/L, while in 5~100 mg/L catalpol groups, the proliferation of OB was not increased.The ALP activity of OB in 0.05 mg/L catalpol group was higher than that in control group.The catalpal at 0.05 mg/L promoted the mRNA expression of ERβin OB in the co-culture system, but did not increase the mRNA expression of ERαas compared with control group. Catalpol at 0.05 mg/L obviously inhibited the bone resorption and the TRAP activity in OC.CONCLUSION: Catalpol stimulates the proliferation and activity of OB, inhibits the bone resorption and activity of OC, and increases the mRNA ex-pression of ERβin OB in the OB-OC co-culture system, suggesting that high mRNA expression of ERβmay be the regula-tory pathway of catalpol in response to bone metabolism.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of bladder hyperactivity in Huzhou city,Zhejiang prov-ince.Methods 1 872 patients aged over 50 years old male residents were selected as research subjects in Huzhou. To investigate the prevalence of bladder hyperactivity in the elderly male population in the local area.The correlation between age,IPSS score,body mass index,diabetes and the bladder was investigated.Results In 1 872 cases,the data were complete and in accordance with the requirements of this study were 1 863 cases.1 863 cases,505 patients with bladder hyperactivity,bladder disease prevalence was 27.1%.Bladder hyperactivity patients with IPSS score (17.9 ±8.1 )points,prostate volume (36.6 ±18.5 )mL,QOL score (3.6 ±1.1 )points,residual urine volume (26.9 ±3.5 )mL in the bladder,were higher than those with non bladder hyperactivity,IPSS score (3.2 ± 16.8)points,prostate volume (28.1 ±1.3)mL,QOL score (2.3 ±1.8)points,the differences were statistically sig-nificant (t =7.277,5.910,19.814,2.406,P <0.01 -0.05).Qmax(12.6 ±6.3)mL/s in the patients with bladder hyperactivity was significantly lower than Qmax(17.1 ±7.4)mL/s of non bladder hyperactivity,and the difference was statistically significant (t =3.577,P <0.01).With the increasing age of male population,the prevalence of blad-der diseases was increased.With the increase of IPSS score,the incidence rate of bladder excessive activity increased. Diabetes,higher body mass index,the incidence of bladder excessive activity was higher.Conclusion Men with blad-der hyperactivity disorder has higher prevalence in Huzhou city,Zhejiang province.Age,lower urinary tract symptoms, diabetes,obesity are the risk factors in the incidence of bladder disease.

To meet the challenge of the clinical teaching,the"Regulations on the Management of Clinical Teaching Practice in Medical Education"has been made and implemented, which establish the definitude responsibilities,rights and profit relations among doctors,students and the patients. Related organizations and persons should fully realize its normative significance,implementation obstacles and deepen the study of clinical teaching research,thus facilitating the enhancement of the teaching effect,and building a harmonious triangular relationship among the concerned parties.

AIM: To study the effect of Bone-benefiting capsule(BBC)-containing serum on activity and apoptosis of osteoclasts(OC) in osteoblasts(OB) and osteoclasts co-culture system.METHODS:(1) OB were separated from the skull of SD rats aged 1 d and OC from the thighbone and shinbone of SD rats aged 5 d,the plane OB and OC co-culture system was established,in which the cells in each culture system did not intermix,but the culture medium communicated,and BBC-containing serum group and control group were concluded in the experiment.(2) Female SD rats aged 10 months were divided into BBC group and control group to prepare BBC-containing serum and control serum.(3) The TRAP secreted by OC was measured by the diazol method and the absorption of lacuna formed by OC was observed by microscope in OB and OC co-culture system to determine the activity of OC with the effect of BBC-containing serum.(4) The effect of BBC-containing serum on OC apoptosis in OB and OC co-culture system was examined by optical microscopes and fluorescence microscopes.RESULTS: In OB and OC co-culture system,the activity of TRAP secreted by OC of BBC-containing serum group were obviously lower than that of control group in 48 h,72 h and 96 h,the OC surviving numbers were obviously lower than that of control group and the rate of OC apoptosis was markedly higher than that of control group which showed an obvious time-efficiency relationship;the amount of the absorption of lacuna formed by OC in BBC-containing serum group was evidently lower than that of control group(P