38 molars diagnosed as early cracked teeth and without pulpitis were selected to carry out the clinical observation. All the teeth were prepared and restored by metal crown under local anesthesia. After 1-15 years follow-up, the efficiency was 84.20% and all the tested teeth showed no symptoms of pulpitis and kept good chewing function. The results suggests that for the teeth diagnosed as early cracked molars and without pulp inflammation, making metal crown with less dentin loss is a safe and scientific treatment method.

Objective To investigate the molluscicidal effect of 5%niclosamide ethanolamine granules against Oncomela-nia hupensis in a marshland field. Methods The 5%niclosamide ethanolamine granules were sprayed at a dose of 40 g/m2 on 3 snail-breeding marshlands in Yangzhong City of Jiangsu Province to assess its field molluscicidal actions while 26%suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide MNSC) at a dose of 4 g/m2 and fresh water served as controls. Results After seven days spraying, 5%niclosamide ethanolamine granules resulted in a of snail mortal85.42%ity while the mortality rates of snails were 82.35% and 2.86% in the MNSC and water control groups respectively. Conclusion 5% niclosamide ethanol-amine granules exhibit a high molluscicidal activity which is suitable to be used in the mashland.

Objective To evaluate the long-term molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of niclosamide (SCN) spraying in marshland regions of the Yangtze River. Methods A marshland with Oncomelania snails in Yangzhong City, Jiangsu Province, was selected as the study spot, and a dose of 6-8 g/m2 of SCN was sprayed yearly for four successive years, and the status of snails was investigated. Results From 2004 to 2007, the average densities of living snails were 6.00, 4.25, 2.04, 1.95 snails/0.1 m2, respectively before the use of molluscicide, and 0.86, 0.86, 0.23, 0.16 snails/0.1 m2, respectively after that. The average densities of living snails before and after the use of molluscicide reduced year by year, and the reduction rates of average densities of living snails were 85.67%, 79.76%, 88.49% and 91.78%, respectively from 2004 to 2007. The rate of frames with snails after the use of molluscicide was 73.46% in 2007, with a reduction rate of 86.85% compared with 9.66% of that before the use of molluscicide in 2004, and the average density of living snails reduced from 6.00 snails/0.1 m2 to 0.16 snails/0.1 m2, with a reduction rate of 97.33%. Conclusions After the spraying for four successive years, the density of snails reduces significantly and the molluscicidal effect is stable and reliable. SCN is a formulation of molluscicide for long-term application in marshland regions.

Objective To evaluate the Imaging diagnosis of SARS in death case.Methods 11 death patients of SARS in keeping with criteria from April to May 2003 were enrolled into the study. Imaging characteristics of chest x-ray film and CT in these patients were analysed.Results All cases were positive on chest X-ray film and CT,the lung shadows were marked.The extent of the pathological changes in lungs was 80%～90% in 6 cases and 90% above in 5 cases,multilobcs of bilateral lungs were involved in all cases.The lesions were diffuse spotty shadow or shaggy cloudy shadow in 8 cases,ground-glass opacification in one case and bronchogram structures could be seen.Conclusion Imaging findings in the cases with severe SARS mostly manifest as effusion,consolidation and interstitial inflammation in multilobes of bilateral lungs.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common chronic diseases in orthopedics.With increasing populations of aging and obese people,its incidence has risen year by year and become a major public health problem.The hallmark of osteoarthritis is cartilage destruction,the main cause of which is degradation of extracellular matrix by catabolic enzymes and death of chondrocytes caused by apoptosis or autophagy.Articular cartilage is a hypoxic environment because it lacks blood supply and the joint cavity is relatively closed.A hypoxic environment induces chondrocytes to produce a series of hypoxia-related molecules which can regulate the expression of catabolic enzymes,autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes for osteoarthritis.This paper aims to review recent reports on the relationship between hypoxic-related molecules and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and discuss the role of hypoxia-related molecules in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of suprapatellar versus infrapatellar approach in tibial intramedullary nail fixation for tibial fracture. Methods Clinical trials that evaluated suprapatellar approach and infrapatellar approach for tibia intramedullary nailing fixation were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL ) , Chinese Biology Medicine ( CBM) , Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI databases. Methodological qualities of the included studies were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine whether overall results were reliable. Publication bias was detected using Begg's test and Egger's test. Lysholm score, reoperation rate, Hospital for Special Surgery ( HSS ) score, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay were selected to evaluate the clinical effect of suprapatellar approach and infrapatellar approach in tibial intramedullary nail fixation for tibial fracture. Results Two randomized controlled trials and six case-controlled studies involving 787 patients were included in the analysis. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were statistically significant. No significant publication bias was detected by Begg's test or Egger's test. Our meta-analysis indicated that suprapatellar approach had significantly higher Lysholm score ( MD=1. 04, 95％CI 0. 82 -1. 26, P<0. 05, I2 =10. 5％) and HSS score ( MD =0. 97, 95％CI 0. 65 -1. 30, P <0. 05, I2 =0 ) than infrapatellar approach ( P <0. 05 ) . Additionally, there were no statistical differences between the two procedures in reoperation rate, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay (P>0. 05). Conclusion Compared with infrapatellar approach, suprapatellar approach in intramedullary nail fixation for tibial fracture can better relieve the pain, keep stability and motion of the knee joint and promote function recovery of knee joint.

Objective: Evaluate GII.4 norovirus infection and blocking effects of serum antibodies against HBGAs binding to GII.4 norovirus of population in oyster culture area, provide references for screening of fully human monoclonal antibody. Methods: Using a random survey method to collect blood and saliva samples in oyster culture area, select serum samples from the inland region of Guangdong as control group. Identification of salivary HBGA receptor phenotype and detection of serum antibody levels between two areas by ELISA. A vitro neutralization model was to determine the efficiency of serum antibodies blocking GII.4 norovirus and HBGA receptors binding. Results: The age were (50.68 ± 15.17), (52.52 ± 15.90) and (51.37 ± 13.32) years old of 2015, 2016 in experimental group, and in control group, respectively. Males accounted for 5.9% (70/195), 36.6%(60/164), 40.8% (69/169) (χ²=0.93, P=0.334). The mean value of serum antibodies Absorbance value was 2.521±0.05 of 2015 and was 2.583±0.045 of 2016 in oyster culture area, the mean value was 2.249±0.05 in control group, there was a statistical difference among three group (F=13.28, P<0.001). The antibody prevalence in the three groups was 100%. BT50 geometric mean titer (GMT) of oyster culture area in 2015 was 423.1±40.11, culture group was 248.2±25.63, there was a statistical difference (t=3.73, P<0.001). Conclusion The population in oyster culture area does have more chance of exposure and infection GII.4 norovirus, Serum antibody of blocking ability in oyster culture areas is better than the general population in inland city. Suggesting that the population is more immunity resistant infected GII.4 norovirus.

Objective:To investigate the effects and significance of acute and chronic trauma on brain degree centrality (DC) in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who lost their only child at resting state.Methods:Retrospectively, the study enrolled a total of 51 parents with PTSD, including 35 PTSD parents whose children was lost in emergencies (acute bereaved PTSD group) and 16 PTSD parents whose children was lost of chronic causes such as diseases (chronic bereaved PTSD group). Fifty local adults were also included as healthy controls (HC group). The clinical administered PTSD scale(CAPS) was used to evaluate the severity of the subjects' clinical symptoms.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) data of all subjects were collected and DC values were calculated.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Covariance analysis was performed among three groups, while post hoc was performed between any two groups.What's more, correlation analyses were utilized between abnormal brain regions and the scores of CAPS.Results:Significant group effects were found in multiple regions, including the right inferior temporal gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=66, -27, -21), right temporal pole (MNI: x, y, z=54, 15, -9), right orbital inferior frontal gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=42, 21, -15), bilateral medial superior frontal gyri (MNI: right x, y, z=6, 63, 12; left x, y, z=-3, 60, 18), left inferior parietal angular gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-45, -36, 51) and left postcentral gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-45, -33, 51). Compared with HC group, the DC of two patient groups increased in the right inferior temporal gyrus (MNI: acute x, y, z=63, -27, -21; chronic x, y, z=63, -21, -27); the DC of acute bereaved PTSD group decreased in the right temporal pole (MNI: x, y, z=45, 21, -15) and the right orbital inferior frontal gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=48, 24, -12), while the DC of chronic bereaved PTSD group decreased in the left inferior parietal angular gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-45, -36, 51) and left postcentral gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-45, -33, 51). Compared with chronic bereaved PTSD group, the DC of acute bereaved PTSD group increased in the left inferior parietal angular gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-33, -39, 42) and left postcentral gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=-45, -33, 51), while decreased in the right temporal pole (MNI: x, y, z=51, 12, -9), right orbital inferior frontal gyrus (MNI: x, y, z=42, 21, -15) and bilateral medial superior frontal gyri (MNI: left x, y, z=0, 57, 15; right x, y, z=3, 57, 15). In chronic bereaved PTSD group, the DC of the left postcentral gyrus was negatively correlated with C1 (avoid trauma-related thoughts, feelings) score in CAPS ( r=-0.606, P=0.028). In acute bereaved PTSD group, the DC of the left medial superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with D4 (high vigilance) score ( r=-0.416, P=0.020). Conclusion:There exist functional abnormalities of multiple brain regions in acute and chronic bereaved parents with PTSD.The high arousal symptoms of the former may be related with the abnormalities of prefrontal-amygdala neural circuit, while the latter show higher avoidance which may be associated with the dysfunction of somatosensory brain regions such as postcentral gyrus.

Objective:To investigate the effect of coping style on the gray matter volume in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who lost their only child, and the mediating role of gray matter volume in evaluating the influence of coping style in clinical symptoms of these parents.Methods:A total of 57 parents with PTSD (PTSD group) and 162 parents without PTSD (non-PTSD group) who lost their only child from September 2016 to March 2017 were enrolled from Jiangsu Province, China. Brain MRI data at resting state were collected. Voxel-based multiple regression analysis was performed to confirm the brain areas in which coping style main effect, diagnosis main effect and their interaction had significant influences in gray matter volumes. Correlations among gray matter volume of brain areas related to coping style, coping style scale scores, and clinician-administered PTSD scale (CAPS) scores were analyzed. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the mediating role of gray matter volume in the influence of coping style in clinical symptoms of parents lost their only child.Results:(1) The coping style main effect did not significantly influence the gray matter volume in all subjects, and the diagnosis main effect had significant influence in gray matter volume in the right lingual gyrus; their interaction had significant influence in gray matter volume in the right peritalar fissure cortex and lingual gyrus. The positive coping style in the PTSD group had significant influence in the gray matter volumes of the right peritalar fissure cortex and lingual gyrus. (2) In the PTSD group, the scores of positive coping style were positively correlated with the gray matter volumes of the right talus fissure and the lingual gyrus ( P<0.05); the scores of positive coping style, and the gray matter volumes of the right talus fissure and the lingual gyrus were negatively correlated with scores of CAPS-C 5 and CAPS-C ( P<0.05). (3) In the PTSD group, positive coping style can positively predict the gray matter volumes of the right talus fissure and the lingual gyrus; the gray matter volumes of the right talus fissure and the lingual gyrus can negatively predict the avoidance-related symptoms. Conclusion:Positive coping style has influence in the gray matter volumes of the right talar fissure and lingual gyrus of PTSD patients lost their only child; and less positive coping style may affect the brain areas related to visual information processing, thus aggravating avoidance-related symptoms of PTSD patients.

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for clinical treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infection and rational use of antibiotics. METHODS ：By retrospective analysis ，64 500 strains of bacteria were isolated from the inpatients of our hospital during Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2018. WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the detection rate ，specimen type ，departments of A. baumannii. The resistance of A. baumannii to 18 commonly used antibiotics in 4 years was analyzed by RxC table χ 2 test. RESULTS：A total of 2 072，2 040，2 017 and 2 143 strains of A. baumannii were isolated during 2015-2018，accounting for 12.85％，13.38％，13.60％，11.71％ of positive specimens. The main specimen types of 8 272 strains of A. baumannii were sputum（4 368 strains，52.81％），pus（1 106 strains，13.37％），ascites（804 strains，9.72％）. The main departments were burn department（1 605 strains，19.40％），hepatobiliary department （1 200 strains，14.51％），brain surgery department （977 strains， 11.81％）. The drug resistance rate to 18 kinds of antibiotics showed a wave-like decreasing trend （P＜0.001）. In 2018，drug resistance rate to ampicillin and aztreonam was more than 80％，and that to ampicillin/sulbactam ，ceftazidime，levofloxacin， Compound sulfamethoxazole ，gentamicin，amikacin，tobramycin and tegacyclin was less than 50％ ，among which the drug resistance rate to amikacin and tegacyclin were 14.7％ and 0，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：There is no significant change in the number of isolates and detection rate of A. baumannii in our hospital between 2015 and 2018. The bacteria mainly cause respiratory tract infection. Amikacin or tegacyclin are recommended for treatment.