Objective To investigate the relationship between hereditary deafness and SLC26A4 gene IVS16+10C>T mutation.Methods One hundred and two patients with hereditary deafness admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College from January 2014 to May 2016 were enrolled and assigned as the observation group, and another 102 cases with normal hearing were selected as the control group. The gene mutation types and hearing thresholds were detected in the two groups and compared between them, the mutations of alleles 1 and 2 situations of patients with GJB2 and SLC26A4 mutations were analyzed, Ab initio software was used to predict whether there was obstacle preventing the recognition on slice sites, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted to detect the common mutation types of SLC26A4 gene.Results In 102 patients with hereditary deafness, the cases caused by SLC26A4 gene mutations were more than those caused by GJB2 gene mutations (30 cases vs. 15 cases). Compared with the normal hearing control group, the mutation rates of GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes were significantly increased in the observation group [GJB2: 14.71% (15/102) vs. 2.94% (3/102), SLC26A4: 29.41% (30/102) vs. 1.96%(2/102), bothP <0.01], and there was a tendency that the percentages of GJB2 and SLC26A4 mutations were increased (GJB2: 0.98%, 1.96%, 4.90%, 6.86%, SLC26A4: 4.90%, 6.86%, 7.84%, 9.80%) with the increase of the severity of deafness (mild—moderate—severe—extreme severe) in the observation group. Compared with the control group, the hearing threshold was significantly increased (dB: 67.83±8.96 vs. 10.43±2.89,P < 0.01), and along with the increase of deafness severity (mild—moderate—severe—extreme severe), the hearing threshold (dB) was increased (34.96±4.98, 58.42±10.61, 83.96±12.17, 96.77±11.42, respectively) in the observation group. Thirty patients with SLC26A4 gene did not show any IVS16+10C>T mutation, indicating that IVS16+10C>T gene mutation was not the cause of genetic deafness.Conclusion There is no obvious relationship between the IVS16+10C>T mutation of SLC26A4 gene and patients with hereditary deafness, which may provide a basis clinically for the prediction of deafness occurrence in the patient's next generation.

Objective: To study the antiviral effect of polysaccharides from brown seaweed Lobophora variegata. Method: The crude polysaccharide was extracted with boiling water and precipitated with ethanol,and then fractionated with ion exchange chromatography. Its antiviral activity was tested by cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay and plaque reduction assay. The cytotoxicity of the water crude extract was determined by MTT method. Results: The crude water extract showed markedly antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 including ACV resistant strain and clinical strains with low EC50 values of 18.2 and 6.25 μg/ml respectively. It also showed very low cytotoxicity to Vero, HEp-2 and MDCK cells. Therefore, the crude extract possessed high selective index for antiviral effect. It also had some inhibitory effect on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) but had no effect on influenza A virus. Two fractions were isolated from the water crude extract and they exhibited anti-HSV activity in the test of CPE reduction assay in Vero cells. Conclusion: Seaweed Lobophora variegata contains antiviral polysaccharides with high inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus.

Objective To evaluate the imaging characteristics of chondromalacia patellae(CMP)in low-field MR and the value of MR in diagnosis.Methods 37 cases with CMP proved by arthroscopy and/or operation were carefully examined by 0.3 Tesla permanent magnet MR unit.The results of MRI were retrospectively analyzed according to that of arthroscopy and operation to search for the MR imaging manifestations of different degrees of patellae cartilage injuries in CMP.Results According to the golden-standard by arthroscopy and operation as for CMP,the overall diagnostic accuracy of MRI was 79.4%,with 28.6% accuracy in the early phase,92.6% in the late phase of CMP.Conclusion Low-field MR imaging is accurate in diagnosing CMP in the late phase and should be suggested as a useful nontraumatic imaging modality in the assessment of CMP before arthroscopy and operation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and complications of therapeutic ERCP for patients over 80 years. Methods Data of 80 patients aging over 80 years, who tnderwent therapeutic ERCP from August 2007 to August 2009 were retrospectively studied. The etiology, complications and therapeutic effects were evaluated. Results A total of 51 patients (63. 8% ) were accompanied by cardiovascular diseases, and 43 patients were diagnosed as having malignant bile duct stricture (53. 8% ). The overail therapeutic efficacy was 96. 3%. The incidence of post-operative complications was 12. 5% (10/80). Occurrence of complications in patients with malignant tumors ( 18. 6% ) was significantly higher than that in patients with bile duct stones (5.6% ,P ＜0. 05). Incidence of complications in those with cardiopulmonary diseases was similar with that in patients without (11.8% vs. 13.8%,P＞0.05). Conclusion Age more than 80should not be considered as contraindication of ERCP. Therapeutic ERCP is effective in senior patients. Patients with advanced ages shows a relatively high incidence of complication after ERCP, which may not be related to other accompanying diseases.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and to evaluate the relationship between cannulation time and PEP.Methods The data of cannulation time in 1 625 patients who underwent ERCP from 2010 to 2012 were retrospectively studied.The risk factors associated with PEP were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The effect of different cannulation time on PEP was evaluated.Results The incidence of overall PEP was 4.6％ (75/1 625) including 4.1％ (67/1 625)of mild and 0.5％ (8/1 625)of moderate-to-severe.Univariate analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus (P =0.02),choledocholithiasis (P =0.02),malignant biliary stenosis (P =0.007),duodenal stenosis (P =0.029),precut (P＜0.01),cannulation time ≥ 8 min (P＜0.01),blood platelet count ≥ 180× 109/L(P =0.089),alkaline phosphatase ≥ 120 U/L (P =0.083) and total bilirubin ≥ 17.1 μmol/L (P =0.094)were associated with PEP.Multivariate analysis revealed that precut (OR=1.93,95％CI:1.10-3.39,P=0.022),cannulation time ≥8 min (OR =3.50,95％CI:2.00-6.13,P＜0.01) and duodenum stenosis (OR=2.92,95％CI:1.08-7.86,P=0.034) were independent risk factors of PEP.Within 30 min of cannulation,longer cannulation time was accompanied with higher PEP rate.Conclusion The cannulation time is an independent risk factor of PEP.Overall PEP is increased when cannulation time is more than 8 min.

As a model organism, zebrafish have many advantages over other animal models and is suitable for studies on establishment of human disease model and mechanism.In zebrafish, there are two phases of endocrine formation during early development, which are directed by concomitant activity of many signaling pathways.Zebrafish pancreas possess similar cell structure with that of other animals, which can express various endocrine hormones including insulin.The main organs required for metabolic control, such as the pancreas, islet, and insulin sensitive tissue (muscle, liver) are conserved in zebrafish, and the mechanisms of glucose regulation in zebrafish is similar to that seen in mammalian models.These render it an excellent model to study glucose metabolism.Hyperglycemia in zebrafish model can be induced by administration of the diabetogenic drug, streptozotocin (STZ), alternatively immersion of the fish in glucose solution and water, or disturbing of signaling pathways associated with glucose metabolism.Glucose levels in adult zebrafish blood or embryo tissue and phenotype of retinal cell layers or retinal vasculature are the commonly used measurement organs in zebrafish diabetic models.

Aim To study the effect of rhein on renal damage induced by aristolochic acid. Methods Ze-brafish model of aristolochic acid nephropathy, genera-ted by treating zebrafish larvae with aristolochic acid for 24 h, was treated with rhein simultaneously . Mor-pholigical changes were observed and the creatinine level in larvae tissue was measured. And mRNA ex-pression levels of inflammatory factor cox2 a and fibrosis factor TGF-β1 in larvae tissue were detected using qPCR. Results Some larvae show periocular edema and circulation system defection e. g. weak heart beat, narrow cardiac vesicle, decreased blood flow and even blockage , with a dose-response relationship after expo-sure to aristolochic acid for 24 h. The creatinine level in larvae tissue of the treated group was significantly higher than that of the control larvae. And the expres-sion levels of cox2 a and TGF-β1 in larvae tissue of the treated group were also significantly increased. Per-centage of abnormal larvae and creatinine level in lar-vae tissue were decreased when treated with rhein sim-ultaneously. And the expression levels of cox2a was down-regulated by rhein compared with the aristolochic acid treated group. But rhein had no effect on TGF-β1 expression. Conclusion To some extent rhein can protect renal from damage induced by aristolochic acid.

Aim To investigate the modeling of breast cancer in zebrafish embryos and its related protein expression. Methods 48hpf wild type AB/ TG(Transgenic) zebrafishs were micro-in-jected with breast cancer cell line: MCF-7,T-47D, MDA-MB-231 respectively, the relationship between the number of tumor and model application was investigated, and the number of sub-intestinal veins(SIVs) was detected under confocal microscope, as well as the metastasis of tumor cells in embryos; then the ze-brafish xenografts of MB-231 were co-cultured with tofacitinib/ptk787 for 48 h, optical density(OD) of the cell survival and subintestinal veins(SIVs) were evaluated under confocal micro-scope, and Western blot(WB) analysis was used to test micro-circumstances related protein. Results When the number of in-oculated cells was more than 200 per embryo, xenograft model rate woule be more than 0. 90;MB-231 xenografts showed metas-tasis feature in zebrafish, which could be inhibited by tofacitinib (P < 0. 01), while the number of xenograft MB-231 cells was reduced significantly(P < 0. 01); in another zebrafish xenografts SIVs assay, the tumor could promote the proliferation of SIVs, and 4 mg·L - 1 PTK787 showed inhibiton effect( P < 0. 01). Western blot showed 4d T-47D xenograft zebrafish got more HER2 expression than AB embryos; VEGFa expression in ze-brafish MB-231 model group was higher, and model zebrafish P53 expressi was higher after treated by tofacitinib. Conclusion A zebrafish xenograft model of human brest cancer can be es-tablished, which demonstrates applicability for screening com-pounds in drug discovery studies.

Objective To summarize CT and MRI features of hyaline vascular type localized Castleman disease(LCD)and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis,to improve the preoperative diagnosis rate.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 7 patients with hyaline vascular type LCD confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results (1)6 cases were misdiagnosed before operation,1 case was misdiagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor,1 case as thymoma,1 case as neurogenic tumor,1 case as pheochromocytoma, 1 case as clear cell renal cell carcinoma and 1 case as small mesenteric stromal tumor.(2)1 case was located in the right neck,1 case in the anterior superior mediastinum,1 case in the neck of the pancreas,1 case in the upper part of the left kidney,2 cases in the retroperitoneum and 1 case in the lower abdomen.(3)3 cases were scaned by dynamic enhanced MRI,3 cases were scaned by dynamic enhanced CT, and 1 case was checked by plain CT and enhanced MRI.CT and MRI showed that 7 cases had a round or elliptical soft tissue mass, and 4 cases with well defined margin,3 cases were not clear in edge,2 cases with spot or strip calcification on CT images,4 cases had slightly longer T1 and longer T2 signal,4 cases were restricted of diffusion and had higher signal on DWI.All the lesions were enhanced in arterial phase,and went on in the delayed phase.There were 5 cases with distorted vascular shadow in the middle and/or around of the mass, 3 cases with strips,spoke-like low-density areas or low-signal areas,and some lesions were filled in delayed phase.Conclusion CT and MRI features of hyaline vascular type LCD have certain characteristics such as rich blood supply,enhancement in persistent,tortuosity of peripheral vascular,with some short strip calcification and high signal on DWI,which may be helpful for preoperative diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of pancreatic pseudocyst(PPC)treated with non-surgical methods,and to compare the efficacy and safety between percutaneous drainage and endoscopic drainage in the management of PPC.Methods From February 2010 to July 2017,clinical data of patients with PPC,who received percutaneous drainage or endoscopic drainage,were retrospectively analyzed.The symptom relief rate,short-term and long-term radiologic remission rate,complication rate, recurrence rate and length of hospital stay were compared between patients treated by ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage(percutaneous group),by endoscopic ultrasonography-guided drainage(EUS group)and by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography guided transpapillary drainage(ERP group).Two independent samples t test,one-way analysis of variance,non-parametric test and Fisher′s exact test were performed for statistical analysis.Results A total of 153 patients were treated and the operation was successfully conducted in 148 patients(96.7%),of whom 39 were in percutaneous group,73 in EUS group and 36 in ERP group.The median follow-up time was 26 weeks(two weeks to 358 weeks).The symptom relief rate,long-term radiographic remission rate,complication rate,recurrence rate and retreatment rate of percutaneous group,EUS group and ERP group were 87.2%(34/39),79.5%(58/73),80.6%(29/36);81.5%(22/27),88.6%(39/44),66.7%(16/24);17.9%(7/39),28.8%(21/73),16.7%(6/36);15.0%(3/20),13.8%(8/58),10.0%(2/20);and 10.3%(4/39),8.2%(6/73),2.8%(1/36),respectively.There was no statistically significant difference among three groups (all P> 0.05).The short-term radiographic remission rate of ERP group was significantly lower than those of percutaneous group and EUS group(46.7%,14/30 vs 77.1%,27/35 and 87.7%,64/73),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =6.442 and 19.450,both P<0.01).The median hospital stay of percutaneous group was longer than those of EUS group and ERP group(14.0 days vs 9.0 days and 8.0 days),and the differences were statistically significant(Z= -3.687 and -2.630,both P<0.01).Conclusions The efficacies of percutaneous drainage and EUS-guided drainage are both better than ERP,and they are effective and safe methods especially for the patients with complication of pseudocysts and necrosis debris in pseudocysts.However,the hospitalization time of percutaneous drainage is longer. In addition,percutaneous drainage can be an alternative method after failed endoscopic drainage.