Malignant tumor is one of the principle diseases which threatens the health of human being, and its incidence rate has been dramatically increased in recent years.Modern medical model has transformed from biomedical model to the model of "biology-psychology-society",from experience-based medicine to evidence-based medicine (EBM).At the same time,individualization is also one of important principles of tumor combined therapy.EBM and individualization treatment are not to opposed to each other but to complement each other. This article expounded the relationship of EBM and individualization treatment in tumor therapy,and showed that both of these two principles must be grasped arid carried out in clinical work.

Objective To generate cytokine induced killer (CIK) by inducing lymphocytes cells from peripheral blood in vitro , and to study the phenotype and biological activities of CIK. Methods Lymphocytes cells were isolated fresh from peripheral blood of healthy donors by Ficoll Hypaque density centrifugation, and the cells obtained were resuspended in RPMI medium consisting of 10% fetal calf serum at 37℃, 5%CO 2 for 2h. On day 0, the nonadherent cells were activated with IFN ? (1 000U/ml) and the following days were stimulated with CD3mAb (3 75?g/ml) and rhIL 2 (600U/ml). Phenotype of CIK were analysed by FACS. The proliferation of CIK was tested using 3 H Thymidine, and the killing experiment using MTT tests. Results The proliferation peak of CIK was at day 20, and declined at day 30. The percentages of the cytotoxicity of CIK cells for stomach cancer cell line MGC803 and liver cancer cell line Bel7402 was 65 45%?5 68% and 68 37%?3 93% respectively. CIK cells expressed the phenotypes of CD3CD56, CD3, CD54, CD28CD54, CD11a, HLA DR and CD28. Conclusion IFN ?, CD3mAb and rhIL 2 can induce strong proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes to produce CIK cells expressing the phenotype of CD3CD56, CD3, CD54, CD28CD54, CD11a, HLA DR, CD28, which have strong cytotoxicity on tumor cells.

Biochemotherapy refers to the combination of biotherapy and chemotherapy,and it has been rapidly developed since its emergence.Biochemotherapy has brought both new therapies and new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of malignant tumors.In this article,we reviewed the recent advances in tumor biochemotherapies,including expansion of the indications,retaining of therapy even when tumor progressed(unique to biochemotherapy),and reversal of chemotherapy resistance by targeted therapy,the predicting response to tumor biochemotherapy,recent clinical trials of immunotherapy-based chemotherapy,and evaluation criteria for assessment of biochemotherapy response,and so on.

In recent years, more and more people has suffered from cancer which are causing more and more death. According to evidence-based medicine, the individualized therapy and normalized therapy are important principles of tumor therapy now.In order to improve the quality and effect of tumor therapy, produce qualified oncology physicians, it is important to emphasis the training of oncologist physicians. This article, gives some advices in enhance the level of oncology physicians.

Objective　To investigate dynamic changes of the p53 gene and its protein during occurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer and explore the relationship between p53 mutation and survival of the patients. Methods　p53 gene (exon 5-9) was examined by PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and automated sequencing. Results　p53 alterations were found in exons 5 through 9 in 26 of the 41 patients (63%). Of the 26 patients, 6 had the alterations in the liver metastatic lesions but not in the original colorectal lesion. The other 20 had the alterations in both of the primary colorectal and hepatic metastatic lesions. Meanwhile, an additional mutation in the metastatic lesions was found in 3 cases. The analysis about the survival revealed that the patients with mutant p53 in the metastatic lesions had a longer survival as compared with those with wild type p53. Conclusion　In the process of liver metastasis of the colorectal cancer, p53 mutations mainly start in the primary colorectal lesion and then is kept and brought into the liver. It also might start from metastatic lesion in a few cases. For the patients who had liver metastasis of colorectal cancer and underwent hepatectomy, the survival is longer in mutant p53 group than in wild type p53 group.

The morbidity and mortality of malignant tumor is increasing in our country.It is crucial to enhance the clinical oncology education.We set the clinical oncology class for the medical university students and obtained good teaching effect by enhancing cognition,selecting the proper teaching content,making reasonable teaching program and using multiple teaching style.

Objective To evaluate the effect and adverse effect of combination chemotherapy with xeloda and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer. Methods 25 patients were treated with oral xeloda 1 250mg/m~2, administered twice daily from day 1 to day 14, and oxaliplatin 130mg/m~2/d iv on day 1.The regime was repeated every 21 days for at least 2 consecutive cycles. Result The results of evaluation of effectiveness of the reginme were as follow: 0 CR,12 PR,10 SD and 3 PD. The overall effective rate was 48%(12/25), the effective rate for patients who received the treatment primarily was 100%(3/3), and that of the patients who received the treatment for the secona time was 41%(9/22).Xeloda combined with oxaliplatin was well tolerated. The most common treatment-related adverse events with hand-foot syndrome in 40% (10/25) of patients, skin pigmentation in 68% (17/25), anorexia in 40% (10/25) of patients. Suppression of hematopoiesis, neurotoxicity, nausea and vomiting were mild. Conclusion The combined chemo-therapy with xeloda and oxaliplatin has a high therapeutic response with acceptable toxicity in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, and which was convenient to administer, with definite efficacy, and it could be extensively used, especially in elderly patients and outpatients.

Objective To investigate the possibility of using 5-aminolevulinic acid(5-ALA)induced protoporphyrin IX(PpIX)for photodynamic therapy(PDT)of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cell line CNE2 cultured in vitro.Methods CNE2 cells cultured were incubated in a medium containing various concentrations of 5-ALA(0.01,0.05,0.1,0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0mmol/L)for 6 hours,then illuminated with different light doses(20,10,5,2J/cm2)using a semiconductor laser at 630nm.After 6,12,24 hours incubation with 5-ALA-PDT,the survival rates of CNE2 cells were analyzed by MTT assay.Results 5-ALA-PDT may effectively kill the CNE2 cells.The killing degree was positively correlated with the incubation time after irradiation,concentration of 5-ALA and the dosage of radiation(P

Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms for differentiated thyroid cancer by using CIK and IL-2, to find out the better adjunctive clinical therapies for thyroid cancer patients after operation, and to evaluate the effects of cytokine-induced kill cell (CIK) and IL-2 on the secretion of thyroxine by thyroid papillary carcinoma. Methods The samples of thyroid papillary carcinoma were taken from the excised tissues of patient with thyroid cancer, and then dispersed with collagenase and trypsin for culturing. The carcinoma cells were then seeded in 24-well cell culture plates at 37℃, 5% CO2 and 95% humidity for 3 days. At the fourth day, the cells in the wells were separately stimulated four times with different dosage of CIK and IL-2, and the stimulation lasted for 72 hours each time. 12 days later, the solution of T3, T4 was detected with radio-immunity kits, TSH was detected with immuno-radiation kits, and the cell proliferation was detected with mono-nuclear cell direct cytotoxicity assay. Results The thyroid cancer cells did not respond to IL-2 in median and low concentrations, but responded to IL-2 in a higher concentration which may depress the secretary function of thyroid cancer cells. IL-2 of high concentrations can obviously decrease the hormone secretion, such as Thyroxine and Thyrotropin, of papillary carcinoma, and improve the CIK's ability of killing cancer. CIK can kill the cancer cells only when companied with IL-2. Conclusion IL-2 of high concentrations can't inhibit the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells, but can depress the secretary function of thyroid cancer cells, which is different from the killing mechanism of CIK.

Objective The purpose of present study was to compare the efficacy of topical dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),intralesional hyaluronidase(HAase)and intralesional HAase plus topical DMSO on skin damage caused by docetaxel extravasation in a rat model.Methods After the establishment of animal model of docetaxel extravasation on each hind limb in 30 SD rats,the animals were assigned randomly into 6 groups with 5 rats for each group:topical DMSO group(TD),intralesional HAase group(IH),IH plus TD group(IH+TD),topical normal saline group(tNS),intralesional NS group(iNS),and control group(C).The extent of skin damage and the healing time were observed and compared.Results The extent of skin damage was different among the 6 groups:severer skin damage was seen in tNS,iNS and C groups compared with TD,IH and IH+TD groups.The healing time was significantly shorter in TD group than in both tNS and C groups [(19.10?2.13)d vs(23.70?2.41)d and(25.70?2.26)d,P