Objective To better understanding the clinical presentations of phaeohyphomycosis,and improve the diagnosis and management of the disease.Methods We reported a case of pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University in 2008,and reviewed the relevant literature.The clinical,radio-logical and etiological features were summarized based on this case and the other 23 phaeohyphomycosis patients reported in China from January 1995 to August 2013.Results 24 Chinese cases of phaeohyphomycosis have been reported to date,including 15 males and 9 females.The age of these patients ranged from 4 to 76 (mean 40.0±21 .8)years old.Seventeen patients were otherwise healthy.The other 7 patients had complications.Clinical presentations of phaeohyphomycosis vary widely,including cutaneous and subcutaneous infection in 18 cases,pulmonary and central nervous system involvement in two cases each,para-nasal sinus and palpebral conjunctiva infection one case each.The diagnosis of 18 cases were confirmed both microbiologically and histologically.One case was confirmed histologically alone.Five cases were identified microbiologically alone.The samples for culture were collected from skin abscess (1/5 ),pulmonary tissue (2/5 ),and cervical spinal fluid (2/5 ),respectively. Twenty-two strains of causative organisms were identified,7 of which were Exophiala jeanselmei .Twenty-three patients received treatment.They were cured by antifungal agents alone (18)or in conjunction with surgical resection (4 ),or assisted with XD-635AB-based photodynamic laser therapy (1).Specifically,10 pa-tients were cured by itraconazole alone.Conclusions In China, most patients of phaeohyphomycosis have concurrent conditions or have previously received immunosuppressive agents and cor-ticosteroids.Cutaneous and subcutaneous infection were most common,located mainly on limbs,face,chest and abdominal skin.The most frequently isolated pathogen is Exophiala jeanselmei ,followed by Phialophora verrucosa and Exophiala spinifera .Itraconazole therapy would be very effective.Susceptibility testing is very useful in case of refractory infection.

BACKGROUND: In our previous studies, zinc-calcium-phosphate (Zn-Ca-P) coating has been successful y prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium al oy, which improves the corrosion resistance of the al oy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hemocompatibility of Zn-Ca-P coated AZ31 magnesium al oy in vitro. METHODS: Zn-Ca-P coating was prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium al oy using chemical transformation. Afterwards, the characteristics of the Zn-Ca-P coating were investigated using scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analyzed its components. Besides, hemocompatibility in vitro was evaluated by platelet adhesion assay, dynamic clotting time test and hemolysis test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under scanning electron microscope, a flower-like coating was formed ont surface of the AZ31 magnesium al oy, with the main chemical component of insoluble phosphates Zn3(PO4)2?4H2O. And some round distortionless blood platelets adhered to the surface of AZ31 magnesium al oy, with no pseudopodia. In dynamic clotting time test, the long curve of Zn-Ca-P coating tended to descend indicating better anticoagulant activity. And the hemolysis rate was below 5%. In conclusion, Zn-Ca-P coating has good hemocompatibility in vitro.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of didymin (Did) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: After pretreatment with Did (2, 4, 8 mg/kg intraperitoneal i.p.) for 7 d, the male C57 mice were injected with single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg i.p.). The cardioprotective effect of Did was observed on the 7th day after DOX treatment. Results: DOX delayed body growth and caused cardiac tissue injury, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Similar experiments in H9C2 cardiomyocytes showed that DOX reduced cell viability, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fragmentation of DNA, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, all of these adverse effects were suppressed by Did pretreatment. Did increased protein expression of glutamate-L-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCL), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Besides, Did also induced activation of PI3K/AKT. Conclusion: These findings indicated Did prevented DOX-induced cardiac injury and apoptosis via activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy