Objective To observe the clinical feature of postural hypotension (PH) in in-hospital elderly patients. Methods Measure the supine and orthostatic blood pressure in patients were measured, and the clinical characteristics of PH and clinical incident during hospital stay were analyzed. Results (1)The PH incidence in elderly patients was 24. 11% ; (2)The incidence of systolic blood pressure PH was higher in patients with concomitant hypertension and diabetes ( P ＜ 0.05 & P ＜0.01), especially in those with relatively higher basal systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure ( P ＜ 0.001); the percentage of patients taking diuretics ( P ＜ 0. 05) and calcium antagonists ( P ＜ 0. 01) were relatively higher in patients with diastolic blood pressure PH; (3)Systolic blood pressure in patients from the group with PH lowered (31 ±25) mmHg, while diastolic blood pressure lowered (11 ±15) mmHg; (4)The incidence of clinical events, including dizziness or vertigo, syncope or pre-syncope, angina pectoris or new-onset myocardial infarction, and new-onset stroke, in PH patients was distinctly higher than that in patients from the group without PH ( P ＜0. 01).Conclusion PH is a kind of common clinical manifestations in elderly patients, which tends to induce tumbling, angina pectoris, stroke, etc, and ought to be paid great attention to and taken preventive measures.

Objective To prepare the solid dispersion of ginsenoside Rg3 with different carriers and measure their solubility and dissolution characterisitics. Methods The solid dispersion of ginsenoside Rg3 was prepared by the melted and dissolved methods with Poloxamer 188(F68), PVP k29/32, and PEG 6000 as carriers, respectively. The equilibrium solubility and dissolution characteristics of the solid dispersion in vitro were measured by HPLC. The existing state of ginsenoside Rg3 in the solid dispersion was identified by the differential scanning calorimetery. Results The ginsenoside Rg3 was completely dispersed in carrier and formed a mixture with carriers. The solubility and dissolution rates of all solid dispersion were increased obviously. Conclusion The solid dispersion of ginsenoside Rg3 with Poloxamer 188 as carriers is better on improving dissolution and solubility than those with PVP and PEG 6000 as carriers.

In order to obtain high yield of the HrpNEcc protein with a lower total cost,fermentation and lactose induction conditions for recombinant E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET30a(+)hrpN Ecc were optimized in flasks and the recombinant E.coli was fermentated in 7L fermenter.The optimized incoulum concentration was 5% and the optimized nutrient medium was TB medium.The HrpNEcc protein yield reached 417.60mg/L by adding 3g/L exogenous inducer lactose in the growth prophase of log-phase for the recombinant E.coli.The HrpNEcc protein yield was higher 36.73% than that of the case of no any inducer,and was higher 16.85% than that of the case of adding IPTG.The wet weight of cell pellet of the recombinant E.coli reached 57.24g/L after fermentation in 7L fermenter,the HrpNEcc protein reached 3.29g/L,about 50.2% of total cellular protein.

Traumatic brain injury is always associated with hemorrhage and coagulopathy, leading the occurrence of anemia, platelet function inactivation, platelet and coagulation factor consumptive reduction. Theoretically, transfusion therapy should be given to supplement the missing component in an appropriate range. However, whether the transfusion therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury, and the indications of transfusion, have been the focus of academic debate for a long time. This article reviews the latest progress of transfusion therapy in traumatic brain injury, and provides reference for better guidance of transfusion in clinical treatment.

Objective: To compare the inhibitory effect of carmustine(BCNU) and bleomycin on craniopharyngiomas in vitro. Methods: Cells were successfully cultured in vitro from the fresh specimens, then the culture medium with bleomycin or BCNU at different concentration was added. The tumor inhibitory curve-line was drawn based on the cell number at different time points. After cultured for 144 h, ATP-luminescence assay was applied to test the antitumor effect. Results: The cell number decreased rapidly when the medium was added. The decreasing speed was faster in BCNU medium than that in bleomycin medium at the same concentration. The bleomycin medium showed no significant inhibitory effect except for the one at 1.00 g/L. However, regardless of the concentration, BCNU medium inhibited the cells effectively. Conclusion: BCNU has stronger inhibitory effect on craniopharyngiomas cells than bleomycin, it can be used to treat this tumor

ObjectiveTo dynamically observe the paradoxical effect (inhibitory at low concentratin but promotive at high concentration) of caspofungin and micafungin across Candida species in vitro.MethodsA broth microdilution testing was performed following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) M27-A2 document to observe the paradoxical effect of caspofungin and micafungin across 85 Candida strains.The growth of Candida was observed on a daily basis for 7 days.ResultsAt 48 hours,the prevalence of paradoxical growth in C.albicans,C.glabrata,C.parapsilosis,C.tropicalis,C.dubliniensis and other species of Candida was 90％,20％,41.7％,37.5％,33.3％ and 28.6％ respectively after caspofungin treatment,and 5％,0,0,25％,33.3％and 0 respectively after micafungin treatment.The concentration range of caspofungin required for the paradoxical growth of C.albicans,C.glabrata,C.parapsilosis,C.tropicalis,C.dubliniensis and other species of Candida was 4-16,8-32,8-32,2-8,2-8,8-32 μg/ml respectively,and that of micafungin for the paradoxical growth of C.albicans,C.tropicalis and C.dubliniensis was 4-16,4-32 and 1-8 μg/ml,respectively.After 48 hours,the prevalence of paradoxical growth still increased in C.parapsilosis,C.glabrata,and other species of Candida following caspofungin treatment,and in C.albicans and C.glabrata following micafungin treatment.ConclusionsThe occurrence,and time of occurrence,of paradoxical effect of echinocandins is Candida speciesand drug-specific.The prevalence of paradoxical effect is higher for caspofungin than for micafungin,which seems unrelated to their MICs against Candida species.

Fingolimod (FTY720) as a new immunosuppressive agent,is the prodrug of an sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist.It is a potent immunosuppressant which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis,and shows its unique and novel mechanism of action.Unlike the traditional immunosuppressive agents,fingolimod exerts immunosuppressive and immunoregulatory functions mainly through interaction with shhingosine-l-phosphate receptors on the cell surface without affecting activation and proliferation of lymphocytes.In addition,FTY720 has been shown to inhibit a variety of cancer related signal transduction pathways.It also presented significant anticancer effects in the in vivo and in vitro experiments.And in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) experiment,FTY720 displayed excellent activity as well had a synergistic effect in addition to temozolomid,the current standard chemotherapeutic agent to treat malignant gliomas.This article reviewed the advances in study on the anti-GBM effect and mechanism of FTY720.

OBJECTIVETo study the gene expression profiles of oligodendrogliomas with gene cDNA array.

METHODS(32)P tagged cDNA probes converted from the total RNA, which had been extracted from 2 fresh samples of oligodendroglioma and 1 of normal brain tissue, were hybridized with the Atlas array. After washing the membranes, the autoradiography was performed and the autoradiograms were analyzed through the special software.

RESULTSAs compared to the normal brain tissue, there were 63 co-upregulated genes and 4 co-downregulated genes in these 2 tumor samples. However, a significant quantitative difference existed between them. The expression trend of some genes differed from the known information.

CONCLUSIONcDNA array is effective for studying the gene expression profiles of oligodendrogliomas and provides new information for the further research on their molecular mechanisms.

Brain Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Oligodendroglioma ; genetics ; pathology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To explore the implementation styles on the therapeutic effects on the neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Methods Patients were enrolled during February 3, 2015 to February 3, 2016. The key point time was August 3, 2015 when the treatment in our NICU was fully implemented by NICU professional doctors. Based on this time point, all the enrolled patients were divided into non-NICU professional doctor implementing (NNPDI) group and NICU professional doctor implementing (NPDI) group. Thus non-NICU professional doctors and professional doctors were the leaders of diagnosis and treatment in tow groups. The length of hospital stay, complications, prognosis and other therapeutic outcomes were compared between two groups. Results The length of hospital stay was longer in NPDI group than that in NNPDI group (P<0.05). The incidence of water-electrolyte imbalance was lower in NPDI group than that in NNPDI group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the hepatic and renal insufficiency, the intracranial infections and stress ulcers between the two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of referral to other wards and fatality rate were both lower in NPDI group than those in NNPDI group (P<0.05). And the discharge rate from NICU was higher in NPDI group than that of NNPDI group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of patients left hospital without treatment between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The NICU professional doctor implementing may be contribute to, at least in part, the improving of prognosis of NICU patients without obvious advantages in most complications. The level of professional management remains to be improved.

OBJECTIVETo establish the model of microdialysis, and study the ocular pharmacokinetics of puerarin in anesthetic rabbits.

METHODImplanted the probe into anterior chamber of anesthetic rabbit by surgery. After balanced for 2 h, 1% puerarin eye drop (100 microL) was applied into the cul-de-sac with micropipette. Immediately the dialysate was collected at different time and detected by HPLC with the detection wavelength of 249 nm. The mobile phase was methanol and 0.1% citric acid solution (30:70); the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).

RESULTAfter the administration, puerarin can be absorbed into aqueous humor quickly. The peak concentration of puerarin appeared at about 1 h and then reduced gradually. The peak concentration(C(max)) is (2.52 +/- 0.31) mg x L(-1). The other lower peak was shown at 3.5 h during the eliminate phase. This might be attributed to the inhibition of aqueous humor production by the puerarin and resulted in a high drug concentration. The area under concentration-time curve (AUC(0-t)) is (5.04 +/- 0.21) mg x h x L(-1) and the eliminate half life (t1/2) is (0.38 +/- 0.13) h.

CONCLUSIONThe microdialysis technique can be used to detect the ocular pharmacokinetics of puerarin, and support the valuable pharmacokinetics parameter for the clinical applications of puerarin eye drop.

Anesthesia ; Animals ; Eye ; metabolism ; Female ; Isoflavones ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Rabbits